Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Make sure youāre prepared for the Certification for Emergency Nurses examination with Pass CEN!, 2nd Edition. This comprehensive reference covers all of the content areas in the current exam, and includes fun, challenging learning activities and realistic practice questions. Every chapter features a full range of activities including matching, fill-in-the blank, comparisons, and crossword puzzles ā all designed to improve your recall and comprehension skills. A clear, concise outline format and numerous illustrations make the material easy to read, understand, and remember. In addition, the accompanying Evolve website, includes scrambled questions which simulate the experience of taking the actual exam.
- An easy-to-follow outline format clearly delineates what you must know to pass the CEN exam.
- Learning activities provide fun and stimulating ways to learn critical concepts, such as matching questions, essays, table completion exercises, and crossword puzzles.
- Case studies include questions on clinical reasoning and decision-making.
- NEW! Content follows the most current CEN blueprint , eliminating extraneous information that is not likely to be tested.
- NEW! Updated learning activities and additional questions reinforces your retention of information.
- NEW! Critical pharmacology information integrated into each chapter stresses itās importance to effective treatment outcomes.
- NEW! Integrated anatomy and physiology content reduces repetition of content.
- NEW! Learning activities moved to the back of book allows you to complete activities without the distraction of answers being right there.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| PASS CENĀ®! | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Who Will Benefit From This Book? | vii | ||
| Organization and Unique Features | vii | ||
| Learning Aids | viii | ||
| Evolve Exam Review Course | viii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| 1 - The CENĀ® Examination and Test-taking Strategies | 1 | ||
| Certification | 1 | ||
| Benefits of achieving professional certification | 1 | ||
| CENĀ® Certification | 1 | ||
| Eligibility and testing process | 1 | ||
| The CENĀ® examination | 2 | ||
| Preparation to Improve Performance on the CENĀ® Examination | 2 | ||
| Study for the examination | 3 | ||
| Final preparations | 4 | ||
| Performance During the Examination | 4 | ||
| Control of anxiety | 4 | ||
| Take the time to read the directions at the beginning of the examination | 4 | ||
| Test-taking skills | 4 | ||
| Reasons for Failing the Examination | 6 | ||
| Knowledge deficit | 6 | ||
| Testing errors | 6 | ||
| Test anxiety and negative thinking | 6 | ||
| Test Results | 6 | ||
| If you pass, flaunt it! | 6 | ||
| If you fail, try again! | 6 | ||
| Maintaining Your CENĀ® Certification | 6 | ||
| 2 - Professional Issues and Patient Care Management | 8 | ||
| Introduction | 8 | ||
| 3 - Cardiovascular Emergencies | 46 | ||
| Introduction | 46 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 46 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 46 | ||
| Older adults | 46 | ||
| Cardiovascular Assessment | 46 | ||
| Focused assessment | 46 | ||
| Inspection and palpation | 51 | ||
| Auscultation | 54 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 56 | ||
| Electrocardiography | 59 | ||
| General information | 59 | ||
| Rhythm strip analysis | 59 | ||
| Multiple-lead electrocardiography analysis | 62 | ||
| Dysrhythmias and Blocks | 66 | ||
| Definitions and rules | 66 | ||
| Etiology | 66 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 67 | ||
| Collaborative management | 67 | ||
| Evaluation | 75 | ||
| Typical disposition | 75 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary Arrest | 75 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 75 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 75 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 75 | ||
| Collaborative management | 75 | ||
| Evaluation | 81 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission | 81 | ||
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | 81 | ||
| Definition | 81 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 81 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 81 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 81 | ||
| Collaborative management | 81 | ||
| Evaluation | 82 | ||
| Typical disposition | 82 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease/Acute Coronary Syndrome | 82 | ||
| Definitions | 82 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 82 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 83 | ||
| Collaborative management (Fig. 3.19) | 83 | ||
| Evaluation | 85 | ||
| Typical disposition | 85 | ||
| Angina Pectoris | 85 | ||
| Definition | 85 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 85 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 85 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 85 | ||
| Collaborative management | 86 | ||
| Evaluation | 88 | ||
| Typical disposition | 88 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 88 | ||
| Definition | 88 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 88 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 88 | ||
| Classifications of MIs | 88 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 90 | ||
| Collaborative management | 92 | ||
| Evaluation | 96 | ||
| Typical disposition | 96 | ||
| Heart Failure | 96 | ||
| Definitions | 96 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 96 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 96 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 97 | ||
| Collaborative management | 98 | ||
| Evaluation | 99 | ||
| Typical disposition | 99 | ||
| Cardiomyopathy | 99 | ||
| Definition | 99 | ||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 99 | ||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (previously called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis [IHSS]) | 100 | ||
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 100 | ||
| Collaborative management | 101 | ||
| Evaluation | 101 | ||
| Typical disposition | 101 | ||
| Pericarditis | 101 | ||
| Definition | 101 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 102 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 102 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 102 | ||
| Collaborative management | 102 | ||
| Evaluation | 103 | ||
| Typical disposition | 103 | ||
| Myocarditis | 103 | ||
| Definition | 103 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 103 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 103 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 103 | ||
| Collaborative management | 103 | ||
| Evaluation | 104 | ||
| Infective Endocarditis | 104 | ||
| Definition | 104 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 104 | ||
| Causative agents | 104 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 104 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 105 | ||
| Collaborative management | 105 | ||
| Evaluation | 106 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission | 106 | ||
| Hypertensive Crises | 106 | ||
| Definitions | 106 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 106 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 106 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 106 | ||
| Collaborative management | 107 | ||
| Evaluation | 108 | ||
| Typical disposition | 108 | ||
| Acute Arterial Occlusion | 108 | ||
| Definition | 108 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 108 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 108 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 108 | ||
| Collaborative management | 108 | ||
| Evaluation | 109 | ||
| Acute Aortic Aneurysm | 109 | ||
| Definition | 109 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 109 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 109 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 109 | ||
| Collaborative management | 110 | ||
| Evaluation | 110 | ||
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 110 | ||
| Definition | 110 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 110 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 110 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 110 | ||
| Collaborative management | 111 | ||
| Evaluation | 111 | ||
| Typical disposition | 111 | ||
| Peripheral Venous Thrombosis | 111 | ||
| Definition | 111 | ||
| Predisposing factors (Virchow triad) | 111 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 112 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 112 | ||
| Collaborative management | 112 | ||
| Evaluation | 112 | ||
| Typical disposition | 112 | ||
| Blunt Cardiac Injury (also known as myocardial contusion) | 112 | ||
| Definition | 112 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 112 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 113 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 113 | ||
| Collaborative management | 113 | ||
| Evaluation | 114 | ||
| Penetrating Cardiac Trauma | 114 | ||
| Definition | 114 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 114 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 114 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 114 | ||
| Collaborative management | 114 | ||
| 4 - Respiratory Emergencies | 134 | ||
| Introduction | 134 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 134 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 134 | ||
| Older adults | 134 | ||
| Pulmonary Assessment | 134 | ||
| Focused assessment | 134 | ||
| General Survey | 136 | ||
| Inspection and palpation | 137 | ||
| Percussion | 139 | ||
| Auscultation | 139 | ||
| Bedside assessment of pulmonary function | 140 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 142 | ||
| Acid-Base Balance and Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation | 144 | ||
| Physiology review | 144 | ||
| Acid-base regulation | 144 | ||
| Acid-base imbalances (Table 4.8) | 145 | ||
| Analysis of arterial blood gases | 146 | ||
| Airway Obstruction | 147 | ||
| Etiology of airway obstruction | 147 | ||
| Clinical presentation of airway obstruction | 147 | ||
| Collaborative management of airway obstruction and/or respiratory distress | 149 | ||
| Hypoxemia and Hypoxia | 157 | ||
| Definitions | 157 | ||
| Etiology of hypoxemia/hypoxia | 157 | ||
| Pathophysiology of hypoxia | 157 | ||
| Clinical presentation of hypoxia | 157 | ||
| Indications for oxygen therapy | 157 | ||
| Principles of oxygen therapy | 158 | ||
| High-flow versus low-flow O2 delivery systems | 158 | ||
| Oxygen delivery systems (Table 4.12) | 158 | ||
| Hazards of oxygen therapy | 158 | ||
| Hyperbaric oxygenation | 158 | ||
| Acute Respiratory Failure | 161 | ||
| Definitions | 161 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 161 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 161 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 161 | ||
| Collaborative management | 161 | ||
| Evaluation | 164 | ||
| Typical disposition | 164 | ||
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 164 | ||
| Definitions | 164 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 164 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 164 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 165 | ||
| Collaborative management | 165 | ||
| Evaluation | 166 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission to the critical care unit | 166 | ||
| Asthma | 166 | ||
| Definition | 166 | ||
| Risk factors | 166 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 166 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 167 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 167 | ||
| Collaborative management | 167 | ||
| Evaluation | 169 | ||
| Typical disposition | 169 | ||
| Acute Bronchitis | 169 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 169 | ||
| Causes | 169 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 169 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 169 | ||
| Collaborative management | 169 | ||
| Evaluation | 170 | ||
| Typical disposition | 170 | ||
| Aspiration of a foreign body | 170 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 170 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 170 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 170 | ||
| Collaborative management | 170 | ||
| Evaluation | 171 | ||
| Typical disposition | 171 | ||
| Aspiration | 171 | ||
| Definition | 171 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 171 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 171 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 171 | ||
| Collaborative management | 172 | ||
| Evaluation | 172 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission; critical care unit admission may be required | 172 | ||
| Bronchiolitis/Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 172 | ||
| Description | 172 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 172 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 173 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 173 | ||
| Collaborative management | 173 | ||
| Evaluation | 174 | ||
| Typical disposition | 174 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 174 | ||
| Definition | 174 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 174 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 174 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 174 | ||
| Collaborative management | 175 | ||
| Evaluation | 176 | ||
| Typical disposition | 176 | ||
| Pneumonia | 176 | ||
| Definitions | 176 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 176 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 176 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 177 | ||
| Collaborative management | 177 | ||
| Evaluation | 178 | ||
| Typical disposition | 178 | ||
| Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) | 178 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 178 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 178 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 178 | ||
| Collaborative management | 179 | ||
| Evaluation | 179 | ||
| Inhalation Injury | 179 | ||
| Definition | 179 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 179 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 179 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 179 | ||
| Collaborative management | 180 | ||
| Evaluation | 180 | ||
| Typical disposition | 181 | ||
| Submersion injuries | 181 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 181 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 181 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 182 | ||
| Collaborative management | 182 | ||
| Evaluation | 183 | ||
| Typical disposition | 183 | ||
| Pulmonary embolism (PE) | 183 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 183 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 184 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 184 | ||
| Collaborative management | 185 | ||
| Evaluation | 186 | ||
| Typical disposition | 186 | ||
| Pleural effusion | 186 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 186 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 186 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 187 | ||
| Collaborative management | 187 | ||
| Evaluation | 187 | ||
| Typical disposition | 187 | ||
| Croup | 187 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 187 | ||
| 5 - Neurologic Emergencies | 207 | ||
| Introduction | 207 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 207 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 207 | ||
| Older adults | 207 | ||
| General Information about the Neurologic System | 207 | ||
| Neurologic Assessment | 207 | ||
| Focused assessment | 207 | ||
| Inspection and palpation | 210 | ||
| Mental status and cognition | 211 | ||
| Motor function | 214 | ||
| Sensory function | 216 | ||
| Cranial nerve function (Table 5.10) | 216 | ||
| Reflexes | 222 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 223 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 224 | ||
| Intracranial Hypertension (Also known as increased ICP [āICP]) | 224 | ||
| Definition: a rise in the pressures within the brain | 224 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 224 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 226 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 228 | ||
| Collaborative management | 230 | ||
| Evaluation | 231 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 231 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 231 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 231 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 232 | ||
| Collaborative management | 233 | ||
| Evaluation | 236 | ||
| Typical disposition | 236 | ||
| Skull Fractures | 236 | ||
| Definition: a disruption in the bony integrity of the skull | 236 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 236 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Fig. 5.15) | 236 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 236 | ||
| Collaborative management | 237 | ||
| Evaluation | 238 | ||
| Typical disposition | 238 | ||
| Intracranial Hematomas | 238 | ||
| Definitions | 238 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 238 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Fig. 5.17) | 239 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 239 | ||
| Collaborative management | 239 | ||
| Evaluation | 240 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | 240 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 240 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 240 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 241 | ||
| Collaborative management | 241 | ||
| Evaluation | 242 | ||
| Ischemic Stroke | 242 | ||
| Definitions | 242 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 242 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 243 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 243 | ||
| Collaborative management | 243 | ||
| Evaluation | 246 | ||
| Typical disposition | 246 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injuries | 246 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 246 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 247 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 247 | ||
| Collaborative management | 249 | ||
| Evaluation | 250 | ||
| Seizures | 250 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 250 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 251 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 251 | ||
| Collaborative management | 251 | ||
| Evaluation | 252 | ||
| Typical disposition | 253 | ||
| Headaches | 253 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 253 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 254 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 254 | ||
| Collaborative management | 254 | ||
| Evaluation | 255 | ||
| Typical disposition | 255 | ||
| Guillain-BarrƩ Syndrome | 255 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 255 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 255 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 255 | ||
| Collaborative management | 256 | ||
| Evaluation | 256 | ||
| Chronic Neurologic Disorders | 256 | ||
| Definitions | 256 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 256 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 257 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 257 | ||
| Collaborative management | 258 | ||
| Evaluation | 258 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission | 258 | ||
| Neurogenic Shock | 258 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 258 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Fig. 5 20) | 259 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 259 | ||
| Collaborative management | 259 | ||
| Evaluation | 260 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission to critical care unit | 260 | ||
| 6 - Gastrointestinal Emergencies | 272 | ||
| Introduction | 272 | ||
| Age-related Considerations | 272 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 272 | ||
| Older adult | 272 | ||
| Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System | 272 | ||
| Focused assessment | 272 | ||
| Vital signs include height and weight | 274 | ||
| Inspection | 274 | ||
| Auscultation | 276 | ||
| Percussion | 276 | ||
| Palpation | 276 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 277 | ||
| Acute Abdomen | 278 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 278 | ||
| Collaborative management | 280 | ||
| Evaluation | 280 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission | 280 | ||
| Appendicitis | 280 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 280 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 280 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 280 | ||
| Collaborative management | 281 | ||
| Evaluation | 281 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission; may require direct admission to surgery from the ED | 281 | ||
| Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 281 | ||
| Definitions | 281 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 281 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 282 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 282 | ||
| Collaborative management | 282 | ||
| Evaluation | 284 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission; may require admission to critical care unit or surgery | 284 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Esophagitis | 284 | ||
| Definition | 284 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 284 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 286 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 286 | ||
| Collaborative management | 286 | ||
| Evaluation | 286 | ||
| Typical disposition: discharge home with instructions | 286 | ||
| Cholecystitis | 287 | ||
| Definition | 287 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 287 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 287 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 287 | ||
| Collaborative management | 287 | ||
| Evaluation | 288 | ||
| Typical disposition | 288 | ||
| Hepatic Failure/Encephalopathy | 288 | ||
| Definitions | 288 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 288 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 289 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 289 | ||
| Collaborative management | 290 | ||
| Evaluation | 291 | ||
| Typical disposition: admission to the hospital; critical care unit admission may be required | 291 | ||
| Diverticulitis | 291 | ||
| Definitions | 291 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 291 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 291 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 291 | ||
| Collaborative management | 292 | ||
| Evaluation | 292 | ||
| Typical disposition | 292 | ||
| Gastroenteritis | 292 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 292 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Diskin, 2015) | 292 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 293 | ||
| Collaborative management | 293 | ||
| Evaluation | 293 | ||
| Typical disposition | 293 | ||
| Hernias | 293 | ||
| 7 - Genitourinary, Gynecologic, and Obstetric Emergencies | 316 | ||
| Introduction | 316 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 316 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 316 | ||
| Older adult | 316 | ||
| Pregnancy-Related Changes | 316 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 316 | ||
| Airway/breathing | 316 | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 316 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 316 | ||
| General survey | 318 | ||
| Inspection | 318 | ||
| Auscultation | 318 | ||
| Palpation | 318 | ||
| Pelvic assessment | 318 | ||
| System-Specific Tasks | 318 | ||
| General GYN emergency interventions | 318 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 318 | ||
| General OB emergency interventions | 319 | ||
| SPECIFIC GU/GYN/OB EMERGENCIES | 319 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections | 319 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 319 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 319 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 319 | ||
| Collaborative management | 319 | ||
| Evaluation | 320 | ||
| Typical disposition | 320 | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 320 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 320 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Fulop, 2015) | 320 | ||
| Clinical presentation (Domino et al., 2015; ENA, 2007) | 320 | ||
| Collaborative management | 321 | ||
| Evaluation | 321 | ||
| Typical disposition | 321 | ||
| Urinary Calculi | 321 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 321 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 322 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 322 | ||
| Collaborative management | 322 | ||
| Evaluation | 322 | ||
| Typical disposition | 322 | ||
| Urinary Retention | 323 | ||
| 8 - Psychosocial Emergencies | 367 | ||
| Introduction | 367 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 367 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 367 | ||
| Older adults | 367 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 367 | ||
| Chief complaint | 367 | ||
| Social history | 367 | ||
| Mental status examination that includes the following | 367 | ||
| Diagnostic studies to rule out medical conditions and substance abuse | 368 | ||
| General Principles of Care | 368 | ||
| Therapeutic milieu | 368 | ||
| Ethical care | 369 | ||
| Confidentiality | 369 | ||
| Civil rights | 369 | ||
| Crisis | 369 | ||
| Types of crises | 369 | ||
| Clinical indications | 369 | ||
| Crisis intervention | 369 | ||
| Family Support and End-of-Life Issues | 369 | ||
| 9 - Medical Emergencies | 385 | ||
| Introduction | 385 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 385 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 385 | ||
| Older adults | 385 | ||
| Blood groups | 385 | ||
| Assessment | 385 | ||
| Focused assessment | 385 | ||
| History of present illness | 389 | ||
| Past medical history | 389 | ||
| Vital signs: include orthostatic BP and HR if hemorrhage or dehydration present or suspected | 389 | ||
| General survey | 390 | ||
| Inspection | 390 | ||
| Auscultate | 390 | ||
| Palpate | 390 | ||
| Diagnostic studies related to endocrine/renal/hematology/immunology systems | 390 | ||
| Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (Table 9.6) | 394 | ||
| Definitions | 394 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 394 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 405 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 405 | ||
| Collaborative management | 407 | ||
| Evaluation | 407 | ||
| Typical disposition | 408 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 408 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 408 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 408 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 408 | ||
| Collaborative management | 409 | ||
| Evaluation | 409 | ||
| Typical disposition | 409 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 409 | ||
| Definitions | 409 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 410 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 410 | ||
| Collaborative management | 410 | ||
| Evaluation | 411 | ||
| Typical disposition | 411 | ||
| Myxedema Coma | 411 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 411 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 411 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 411 | ||
| Collaborative management | 411 | ||
| 10 - Maxillofacial and Ocular Emergencies | 473 | ||
| Introduction | 473 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 473 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 473 | ||
| Older adults | 473 | ||
| Physical Assessment | 473 | ||
| General survey | 474 | ||
| Inspection | 474 | ||
| Palpation | 474 | ||
| Cranial nerves (see Chapter 5) | 475 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 475 | ||
| System-Specific Procedures | 475 | ||
| Eye irrigation | 475 | ||
| Ear irrigation | 476 | ||
| Definitions | 476 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 476 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 476 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 476 | ||
| Collaborative management | 476 | ||
| Evaluation | 477 | ||
| Typical disposition: discharge with instructions | 477 | ||
| Gingival Emergencies | 477 | ||
| Definitions | 477 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 477 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 477 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 477 | ||
| Collaborative management | 477 | ||
| Evaluation | 478 | ||
| Typical disposition: discharge with instructions | 478 | ||
| Dental Abscess | 478 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 478 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 478 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 478 | ||
| Collaborative management | 478 | ||
| Evaluation | 479 | ||
| Typical disposition | 479 | ||
| Foreign Body in the Ear, Nose, or Throat | 479 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 479 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 479 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 479 | ||
| Collaborative management | 480 | ||
| Evaluation | 480 | ||
| Typical disposition: discharge with instructions | 480 | ||
| Labyrinthitis | 480 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 480 | ||
| Pathophysiology (Boston, 2015) | 481 | ||
| 11 - Orthopedic and Wound Emergencies | 521 | ||
| Introduction | 521 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations (Emergency Nurses Association [ENA], 2007, 2012a) | 521 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 521 | ||
| Older adult | 521 | ||
| Orthopedic Assessment | 521 | ||
| Focused assessment | 521 | ||
| General survey | 522 | ||
| Inspection | 522 | ||
| Palpation | 522 | ||
| Auscultation: Doppler pulses present | 522 | ||
| Diagnostic studies | 522 | ||
| General Principles of Wound Care | 523 | ||
| General Orthopedic Management | 523 | ||
| Six Ps of neurovascular assessment | 523 | ||
| Four Rs of fractures (ENA, 2007) | 523 | ||
| RICE (ENA, 2007) | 523 | ||
| Cold therapy (Proehl, 2008) | 524 | ||
| Heat therapy (Proehl, 2008) | 524 | ||
| Immobilization | 524 | ||
| Splints and casts (Proehl, 2008) | 524 | ||
| Reduction of orthopedic injury | 524 | ||
| Tetanus immunization (Ing, 2015) | 524 | ||
| General Discharge Instruction | 528 | ||
| Aftercare of splints and casts (Roppolo etĀ al., 2007) | 528 | ||
| Crutch-walking techniques (Proehl, 2008) | 528 | ||
| Use of a cane (Proehl, 2004) | 528 | ||
| Walker (Proehl, 2004) | 528 | ||
| Specific Orthopedic Emergencies | 528 | ||
| Low Back Pain | 528 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 528 | ||
| 12 - Environmental and Toxicologic Emergencies and Communicable Diseases | 562 | ||
| Introduction | 562 | ||
| Age-Related Considerations | 562 | ||
| Neonates, infants, and children | 562 | ||
| Older adults | 562 | ||
| Toxicologic Emergencies | 562 | ||
| Definitions | 562 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 562 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 563 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 563 | ||
| Evaluation | 586 | ||
| Typical disposition | 586 | ||
| Definitions | 586 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 586 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 586 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 587 | ||
| Collaborative management | 587 | ||
| Evaluation | 588 | ||
| Typical disposition | 588 | ||
| Hypothermia | 588 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 588 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 588 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 589 | ||
| Collaborative management | 589 | ||
| Evaluation | 590 | ||
| Typical disposition | 590 | ||
| Heat-Related Emergencies | 590 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 590 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 590 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 591 | ||
| Collaborative management | 591 | ||
| Evaluation | 592 | ||
| Typical disposition | 592 | ||
| Radiation Exposure and Acute Radiation Syndrome | 592 | ||
| Definitions | 592 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 592 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 592 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 593 | ||
| Collaborative management | 593 | ||
| Evaluation | 593 | ||
| Food Poisoning | 593 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 593 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 593 | ||
| Clinical Presentation (Table 12.5) | 593 | ||
| Collaborative management | 594 | ||
| Evaluation | 595 | ||
| Typical disposition | 595 | ||
| Rabies | 595 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 595 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 595 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 595 | ||
| Collaborative management | 596 | ||
| Evaluation | 596 | ||
| Typical disposition | 596 | ||
| Tick-Borne Illnesses | 596 | ||
| Definitions | 596 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 596 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 596 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 597 | ||
| Collaborative management | 598 | ||
| Evaluation | 598 | ||
| Typical disposition | 598 | ||
| Hantavirus Infection | 598 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 598 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 598 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 599 | ||
| Collaborative management | 599 | ||
| Evaluation | 599 | ||
| Plague | 600 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 600 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 600 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 600 | ||
| Collaborative management | 600 | ||
| Evaluation | 601 | ||
| Cat-Scratch Fever | 601 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 601 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 601 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 601 | ||
| Collaborative management | 601 | ||
| Evaluation | 602 | ||
| Typical disposition | 602 | ||
| Snake Bites | 602 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 602 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 602 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 602 | ||
| Collaborative management | 602 | ||
| Evaluation | 603 | ||
| Typical disposition | 603 | ||
| Diving Emergencies | 603 | ||
| Definitions | 603 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 603 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 603 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 604 | ||
| Collaborative management | 604 | ||
| Evaluation | 605 | ||
| Burns | 605 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 605 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 605 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 606 | ||
| Collaborative management | 607 | ||
| Evaluation | 609 | ||
| Typical disposition | 609 | ||
| Communicable Diseases | 609 | ||
| Measles | 609 | ||
| Precipitating factors | 609 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 609 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 610 | ||
| Collaborative management | 610 | ||
| Evaluation | 610 | ||
| Mumps | 611 | ||
| 13 - Transport Emergencies | 628 | ||
| The Certified Flight Registered Nurse (CFRN) and Certified Transport Registered Nurse (CTRN) Examinations | 628 | ||
| Altitude Physiology | 628 | ||
| Gas Laws | 629 | ||
| Nine Stresses of Flight | 630 | ||
| Sensory illusion and spatial disorientation | 633 | ||
| Pressurization | 633 | ||
| Safety | 634 | ||
| General scene safety | 634 | ||
| Types of accidents | 634 | ||
| Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) and Disasters | 634 | ||
| Command structure and positions | 634 | ||
| Role of the air medical crew at MCIs | 634 | ||
| Communication | 635 | ||
| Triage designations | 635 | ||
| HazMat | 635 | ||
| Identification | 635 | ||
| Air medical response and general rules | 635 | ||
| Search and Rescue | 635 | ||
| Preplanning | 635 | ||
| Search operations and logistics | 635 | ||
| Landing Zone (LZ) Preparation | 635 | ||
| Communications | 635 | ||
| Federal Communications Commission (FCC) | 635 | ||
| Types of radios | 635 | ||
| Bands | 635 | ||
| Emergency radio operation | 635 | ||
| Aircraft Safety | 636 | ||
| Know your aircraft and how to exit in an emergency | 636 | ||
| Emergency Situation Management | 636 | ||
| In-flight emergency | 636 | ||
| Prehard landing | 636 | ||
| Postlanding | 636 | ||
| Emergency shutdown | 636 | ||
| Pilot in command | 636 | ||
| Survival | 636 | ||
| Personal preparedness is the key to survival | 636 | ||
| Know the environment in which you are traveling | 636 | ||
| General survival | 636 | ||
| International concerns | 637 | ||
| Water landing | 637 | ||
| Wilderness survival | 637 | ||
| Desert survival | 637 | ||
| Cardiac assist devices | 637 | ||
| Intra-aortic balloon pump (Box 13.2) | 637 | ||
| Intra-aortic balloon pump (Box 13.3) | 637 | ||
| Fetal Heart Monitoring | 637 | ||
| References and Recommended Reading | 651 | ||
| A -\rDysrhythmias: Etiology, Criteria, Significance, and Management | 661 | ||
| NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM | 661 | ||
| SINUS DYSRHYTHMIA (ALSO REFERRED TO AS SINUS ARRHYTHMIA) | 662 | ||
| SINUS ARREST | 663 | ||
| WANDERING ATRIAL PACEMAKER | 665 | ||
| ATRIAL FIBRILLATION | 667 | ||
| PREMATURE JUNCTIONAL CONTRACTION | 668 | ||
| ACCLERATED JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM | 669 | ||
| FIRST-DEGREE AV BLOCK | 670 | ||
| SECOND-DEGREE AV BLOCK TYPE II (PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO AS MOBITZ II) (2:1 BLOCK IS A SECOND-DEGREE BLOCK BUT MAY BE EITHER TYPE ... | 671 | ||
| PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION | 672 | ||
| IDIOVENTRICULAR RHYTHM | 675 | ||
| ASYSTOLE | 676 | ||
| B -\rMechanical Ventilation | 677 | ||
| C - Common Abbreviations and Acronyms | 683 | ||
| D - Signs, Syndromes, and Triads in Pass CENĀ®! | 690 | ||
| E -\rMemory Aids | 693 | ||
| F - Normal Laboratory Values | 696 | ||
| G - Selected Medications Administered in the Emergency Department | 698 | ||
| H - Air and Ground Certification | 713 | ||
| Index | 721 | ||
| A | 721 | ||
| B | 723 | ||
| C | 725 | ||
| D | 727 | ||
| E | 729 | ||
| F | 730 | ||
| G | 731 | ||
| H | 733 | ||
| I | 735 | ||
| J | 736 | ||
| K | 736 | ||
| L | 736 | ||
| M | 737 | ||
| N | 739 | ||
| O | 739 | ||
| P | 741 | ||
| Q | 744 | ||
| R | 744 | ||
| S | 745 | ||
| T | 747 | ||
| U | 749 | ||
| V | 749 | ||
| W | 750 | ||
| X | 750 | ||
| Z | 750 |