Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Learn the three major methods of drug calculation! Calculate with Confidence, 7th Edition focuses on the increasing responsibility of the nurse in medication administration, prioritizes client safety with QSEN, and includes updated content that reflects the current scope of practice. This popular text covers the ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods offering a step-by-step approach to the calculation and administration of drug dosages. With over 2,100 practice problems, this comprehensive title focuses on enhancing the learning experience of nursing students at all curricular levels by making content clinically applicable.
- Over 2000 practice problems include pre-test and comprehensive post-test review
- Pre-test Basic Math, Comprehensive Unit and Basic Math review tests allows you a three-part approach to evaluate your understanding of basic math material covered in Unit 1, directing you to review chapters if you miss any of these test questions.
- UPDATED Medication Administration chapter includes medication safety, expansion of discussion on client rights, the basic six rights of medication administration, and routes of medication administration.
- Chapter review problems and answer key tests all major topics presented in the chapter and enables you to assess understanding of chapter content.
- Safety Alert boxes highlight issues that may lead to mediation errors and empower you to identify actions that must be taken to avoid calculation errors.
- NEW! Content additions and updates includes word problems involving dosages, Critical Thinking Scenarios, a discussion of the concepts regarding safety issues with medication administration and calculation, plus significant updates in the insulin, critical care, parenteral medication, and heparin chapters.
- NEW! A-Z medication index references page numbers where the drug labels can be found.
- NEW! Medication labels recently added to the market highlights new and updated information relevant to practice.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | IFC | ||
| Calculate with Confidence Seventh Edition | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Dedication | iii | ||
| Reviewers | iv | ||
| Preface to the Instructor | v | ||
| INTRODUCTION | v | ||
| ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT | vi | ||
| NEW FEATURES TO THE SEVENTH EDITION | vii | ||
| ANCILLARIES | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | viii | ||
| Table of Contents | ix | ||
| ONE Math Review | 1 | ||
| 1 Roman Numerals | 6 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 9 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 10 | ||
| ANSWERS | 10 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 10 | ||
| 2 Fractions | 11 | ||
| Types of Fractions | 12 | ||
| Converting Fractions | 13 | ||
| Comparing Fractions | 13 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 14 | ||
| Reducing Fractions | 15 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 16 | ||
| Adding Fractions | 16 | ||
| Subtracting Fractions | 17 | ||
| Multiplying Fractions | 19 | ||
| Dividing Fractions | 20 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 21 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 22 | ||
| ANSWERS | 26 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 26 | ||
| 3 Decimals | 28 | ||
| Reading and Writing Decimals | 29 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 31 | ||
| Comparing the Value of Decimals | 31 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 32 | ||
| Adding and Subtracting Decimals | 32 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 33 | ||
| Multiplying Decimals | 34 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 35 | ||
| Dividing Decimals | 35 | ||
| Rounding Off Decimals | 37 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 38 | ||
| Changing Fractions to Decimals | 39 | ||
| Changing Decimals to Fractions | 39 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 39 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 40 | ||
| ANSWERS | 43 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 43 | ||
| 4 Ratio and Proportion | 44 | ||
| Ratios | 44 | ||
| Proportions | 45 | ||
| Solving for x in Ratio and Proportion | 46 | ||
| Applying Ratio and Proportion to Dosage Calculation | 48 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 50 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 50 | ||
| ANSWERS | 53 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 53 | ||
| 5 Percentages | 55 | ||
| Converting Percentages to Fractions, Decimals, and Ratios | 56 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 58 | ||
| Percentage Measures | 59 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 59 | ||
| Comparing Percents and Ratios | 60 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 60 | ||
| Determining the Percent of a Quantity | 61 | ||
| Determining What Percent One Number Is of Another | 61 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 63 | ||
| Calculating the Percent of Change | 63 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 64 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 65 | ||
| ANSWERS | 68 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 68 | ||
| POST-TEST | 69 | ||
| ANSWERS | 72 | ||
| TWO Systems of Measurement | 73 | ||
| 6 Metric System | 74 | ||
| Particulars of the Metric System | 74 | ||
| Rules of the Metric System | 77 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 78 | ||
| Units of Measure | 78 | ||
| Conversions Between Metric Units | 80 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 81 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 81 | ||
| ANSWERS | 84 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 84 | ||
| 7 Apothecary and Household Systems | 85 | ||
| Apothecary System | 85 | ||
| Household System | 86 | ||
| Other Medication Measurements Used in Dosage Calculation | 88 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 89 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 90 | ||
| ANSWERS | 91 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 91 | ||
| 8 Converting Within and Between Systems | 92 | ||
| Equivalents Among Metric and Household Systems | 92 | ||
| Converting | 92 | ||
| Methods of Converting | 93 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 94 | ||
| Converting Within the Same System | 96 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 96 | ||
| Converting Between Systems | 97 | ||
| Calculating Intake and Output | 100 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 105 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 106 | ||
| ANSWERS | 110 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 110 | ||
| 9 Additional Conversions Useful in the Health Care Setting | 111 | ||
| Converting Between Celsius and Fahrenheit | 111 | ||
| Formulas for Converting Between Fahrenheit and Celsius Scales | 112 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 113 | ||
| Metric Measures Relating to Length | 113 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 114 | ||
| Conversions Relating to Weight | 115 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 116 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 117 | ||
| Military Time | 117 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 118 | ||
| Calculating Completion Times | 119 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 120 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 121 | ||
| ANSWERS | 123 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 123 | ||
| THREE Methods of Administration and Calculation | 125 | ||
| 10 Medication Administration | 126 | ||
| Medication Errors | 126 | ||
| Critical Thinking and Medication Administration | 130 | ||
| Factors That Influence Medication Dosages and Action | 130 | ||
| Special Considerations for the Elderly | 131 | ||
| The Rights of Medication Administration | 132 | ||
| Medication Reconciliation | 137 | ||
| Client Education | 138 | ||
| Home Care Considerations | 139 | ||
| Routes of Medication Administration | 140 | ||
| Equipment Used for Medication Administration | 142 | ||
| Equipment for Administering Oral Medications to a Child | 144 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 145 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 146 | ||
| ANSWERS | 148 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 148 | ||
| 11 Understanding and Interpreting Medication Orders | 149 | ||
| Verbal Orders | 150 | ||
| Transcription of Medication Orders | 151 | ||
| Writing a Medication Order | 152 | ||
| Components of a Medication Order | 153 | ||
| Interpreting a Medication Order | 156 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 158 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 159 | ||
| ANSWERS | 162 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 162 | ||
| 12 Medication Administration Records and Medication Distribution Systems | 164 | ||
| Medication Orders | 164 | ||
| Medication Administration Record | 165 | ||
| Essential Components on a Medication Record | 167 | ||
| Documentation of Medications Administered | 168 | ||
| Explanation of Medication Administration Records | 169 | ||
| Use of Computers in Medication Administration | 169 | ||
| Medication Distribution Systems | 170 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology | 173 | ||
| Scheduling Medication Times | 174 | ||
| Military Time | 174 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 175 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 176 | ||
| ANSWERS | 178 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 178 | ||
| 13 Reading Medication Labels | 179 | ||
| Reading Medication Labels | 179 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 198 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 215 | ||
| ANSWERS | 215 | ||
| 14 Dosage Calculation Using the Ratio and Proportion Method | 219 | ||
| Use of Ratio and Proportion in Dosage Calculation | 219 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 222 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 225 | ||
| ANSWERS | 243 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 243 | ||
| 15 Dosage Calculation Using the Formula Method | 248 | ||
| Formula for Calculating Dosages | 248 | ||
| Using the Formula Method | 249 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 253 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 254 | ||
| ANSWERS | 268 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 268 | ||
| 16 Dosage Calculation Using the Dimensional Analysis Method | 270 | ||
| Understanding the Basics of Dimensional Analysis | 270 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 272 | ||
| Dosage Calculation Using Dimensional Analysis | 273 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 276 | ||
| ANSWERS | 286 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 286 | ||
| FOUR Oral and Parenteral Dosage Forms and Insulin | 291 | ||
| 17 Oral Medications | 292 | ||
| Forms of Solid Medications | 292 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 304 | ||
| Calculating Oral Liquids | 317 | ||
| Measuring Oral Liquids | 318 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 323 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 333 | ||
| ANSWERS | 352 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 352 | ||
| 18 Parenteral Medications | 359 | ||
| Parenteral Medication Packaging | 359 | ||
| Syringes | 362 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 366 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 368 | ||
| Reading Parenteral Labels | 371 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 372 | ||
| Medications Labeled in Percentage Strengths | 376 | ||
| Solutions Expressed in Ratio Strength | 377 | ||
| Parenteral Medications Measured in Units | 377 | ||
| Parenteral Medications in Milliequivalents | 378 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 378 | ||
| Calculating Parenteral Dosages | 379 | ||
| Calculating Injectable Medications According to the Syringe | 380 | ||
| Calculating Dosages for Medications in Units | 384 | ||
| Mixing Medications in the Same Syringe | 386 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 387 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 392 | ||
| ANSWERS | 416 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 416 | ||
| 19 Reconstitution of Solutions | 427 | ||
| Basic Principles for Reconstitution | 428 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 431 | ||
| Reconstituting Medications with More Than One Direction for Mixing (Multiple Strength) | 438 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 440 | ||
| Reconstitution from Package Insert Directions and Medications with Different Reconstitution Directions Depending on Route of Administration | 441 | ||
| Medications with Instructions to “See Accompanying Literature” (Package Insert) for Reconstitution and Administration | 441 | ||
| Calculation of Dosages | 443 | ||
| Reconstitution of Noninjectable Solutions | 445 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 447 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 450 | ||
| ANSWERS | 473 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 473 | ||
| 20 Insulin | 482 | ||
| Types of Insulin | 483 | ||
| Labels | 483 | ||
| Insulin Action Times | 484 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 486 | ||
| Appearance of Insulin | 487 | ||
| Insulin Administration | 488 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 491 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 492 | ||
| Insulin Orders | 496 | ||
| Current Recommendations for Use of the Sliding Scale Protocol | 497 | ||
| Preparing a Single Dosage of Insulin in an Insulin Syringe | 497 | ||
| Measuring Two Types of Insulin in the Same Syringe | 498 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 502 | ||
| ANSWERS | 509 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 509 | ||
| FIVE Intravenous, Heparin, and Critical Care Calculations and Pediatric and Adult Calculations Based on Weight | 513 | ||
| 21 Intravenous Solutions and Equipment | 514 | ||
| IV Delivery Methods | 515 | ||
| IV Solutions | 515 | ||
| Administration of IV Fluids | 521 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 530 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 532 | ||
| ANSWERS | 534 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 534 | ||
| 22 Intravenous Calculations | 536 | ||
| IV Flow Rate Calculation | 536 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 539 | ||
| Manually Regulated IVs | 539 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 542 | ||
| Calculating Flow Rates in Drops Per Minute Using a Formula | 543 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 549 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 551 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 552 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 554 | ||
| Calculating IV Flow Rates When Several Solutions Are Ordered | 554 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 555 | ||
| Calculating IV Flow Rates Using a Dial-Flow Controller | 556 | ||
| Calculating Intermittent IV Infusions Piggyback | 556 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 557 | ||
| Determining the Amount of Medication in a Specific Amount of Solution | 560 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 562 | ||
| Determining Infusion Times and Volumes | 562 | ||
| Steps to Calculating a Problem with an Unknown with the Formula Method | 562 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 565 | ||
| Recalculating an IV Flow Rate | 565 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 569 | ||
| Calculating Total Infusion Times | 570 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 572 | ||
| Calculating Infusion Time When Rate in mL/hr Is Not Indicated for Large Volumes of Fluid | 572 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 574 | ||
| Calculating Infusion Time for Small Volumes of Fluid | 574 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 575 | ||
| Charting IV Therapy | 575 | ||
| Labeling Solution Bags | 575 | ||
| Administration of Medications by IV Push | 576 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 579 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 580 | ||
| ANSWERS | 587 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 587 | ||
| 23 Heparin Calculations | 603 | ||
| Heparin Errors | 603 | ||
| Heparin Dosage Strengths | 604 | ||
| Reading Heparin Labels | 605 | ||
| Calculation of Subcutaneous Dosages | 606 | ||
| Calculation of IV Heparin Solutions | 607 | ||
| Calculating Heparin Dosages Based on Weight | 609 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 612 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 614 | ||
| ANSWERS | 622 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 622 | ||
| 24 Critical Care Calculations | 629 | ||
| Calculating Rate in mL/hr | 630 | ||
| Calculating Critical Care Dosages per Hour or per Minute | 631 | ||
| Medications Ordered in Milligrams per Minute | 632 | ||
| Calculating Dosages Based on mcg/kg/min | 633 | ||
| IV Flow Rates for Titrated Medications | 634 | ||
| Developing a Titration Table | 636 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 639 | ||
| CHAPTER REVIEW | 641 | ||
| ANSWERS | 648 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 648 | ||
| 25 Pediatric and Adult Dosage Calculations Based on Weight | 657 | ||
| Pediatric Medication Dosages | 659 | ||
| Principles Relating to Basic Calculations | 659 | ||
| Calculation of Dosages Based on Body Weight | 659 | ||
| Converting Pounds to Kilograms | 660 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 662 | ||
| Converting Kilograms to Pounds | 662 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 663 | ||
| Converting Grams to Kilograms | 664 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 665 | ||
| Adult Dosages Based on Body Weight | 676 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 677 | ||
| Calculating Pediatric Dosages Using Body Surface Area | 681 | ||
| Reading the West Nomogram Chart | 683 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 683 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 684 | ||
| Calculating Body Surface Area Using a Formula | 684 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 686 | ||
| Dosage Calculation Based on Body Surface Area | 687 | ||
| Calculating Using a Formula | 688 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 688 | ||
| IV Therapy and Children | 690 | ||
| Calculating IV Medications Using Volume Control Set | 692 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 694 | ||
| Determining Whether an IV Dose Is Safe for Children | 695 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 696 | ||
| Calculation of Daily Fluid Maintenance | 696 | ||
| PRACTICE PROBLEMS | 697 | ||
| Pediatric Oral and Parenteral Medications | 698 | ||
| ANSWERS | 710 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 710 | ||
| Comprehensive Post-Test | 720 | ||
| ANSWERS | 734 | ||
| References | 742 | ||
| Appendix Table of Contents | 743 | ||
| Index | 756 | ||
| A | 756 | ||
| B | 756 | ||
| C | 756 | ||
| D | 757 | ||
| E | 758 | ||
| F | 758 | ||
| G | 758 | ||
| H | 758 | ||
| I | 759 | ||
| K | 760 | ||
| L | 760 | ||
| M | 760 | ||
| N | 762 | ||
| O | 762 | ||
| P | 762 | ||
| Q | 763 | ||
| R | 763 | ||
| S | 763 | ||
| T | 764 | ||
| U | 764 | ||
| V | 765 | ||
| W | 765 | ||
| X | 765 | ||
| Z | 765 | ||
| Drug Label Index | 766 | ||
| A | 766 | ||
| B | 766 | ||
| C | 766 | ||
| D | 766 | ||
| E | 766 | ||
| F | 766 | ||
| G | 767 | ||
| H | 767 | ||
| I | 767 | ||
| J | 767 | ||
| K | 767 | ||
| L | 767 | ||
| M | 767 | ||
| N | 767 | ||
| O | 767 | ||
| P | 767 | ||
| R | 768 | ||
| S | 768 | ||
| T | 768 | ||
| U | 768 | ||
| V | 768 | ||
| W | 768 | ||
| X | 768 | ||
| Z | 768 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | IBC |