BOOK
Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span - E-Book
Carole Lium Edelman | Carol Lynn Mandle | Elizabeth C. Kudzma
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Promote health and wellness for all ages and population groups! Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 9th Edition provides a comprehensive guide to leading health promotion concepts, from assessment to interventions to application. Its lifespan approach addresses patients’ unique needs with case studies and care plans, with an assessment framework based on Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. New to this edition is expanded coverage of genomics and QSEN competencies. Written by nursing experts Carole Edelman and Elizabeth Kudzma, this bestselling text covers all the latest research and trends in health promotion and disease prevention.
- Separate chapters on population groups — the individual, family, and community — highlight the unique aspects of assessment and health promotion for each group.
- Coverage of growth and development helps you apply health promotion concepts to each age and each stage of development through the lifespan.
- Case studies present realistic situations with questions asking you to apply key concepts, and care plans include nursing diagnoses, defining characteristics, related factors, expected outcomes, and interventions.
- Quality and Safety Scenario boxes focus on QSEN-related competencies with examples of health promotion.
- Innovative Practice boxes outline unique and creative health promotion programs and projects currently being implemented.
- Healthy People 2020 boxes present goals and objectives relating to national health issues and priorities.
- Research for Evidence-Based Practice boxes summarize current health-promotion studies showing the links between research, theory, and practice.
- Diversity Awareness boxes address cultural perspectives relating to planning care.
- Hot Topics boxes introduce significant issues, trends, and controversies in health promotion.
- Think About It clinical scenarios open each chapter, and include questions to encourage critical thinking.
- NEW! An increased focus on genomics reflects scientific evidence supporting the use of genetic tests and family health history to guide public health interventions.
- NEW! Expanded discussion of QSEN competencies is included, as related to health promotion.
- NEW! Guidelines and recommendations are included from the latest Guide to Clinical Preventive Services from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
- NEW! The latest information about the Affordable Care Act is included.
- NEW! Updated photos reflect the latest in health promotion and disease prevention.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span | i | ||
| Copyright page_RENTAL | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Previous Contributors | viii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Purpose of the Book | ix | ||
| Approach and Organization | x | ||
| Key Features | x | ||
| New Features | xi | ||
| Evolve Resources | xi | ||
| For Students | xi | ||
| For Instructors | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| Unit 1 Foundations for Health Promotion | 1 | ||
| 1 Health Defined | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Exploring Concepts of Health | 2 | ||
| Models of Health | 3 | ||
| Clinical Model | 3 | ||
| Role Performance Model | 3 | ||
| Adaptive Model | 3 | ||
| Eudaimonistic Model | 3 | ||
| Wellness-Illness Continuum | 4 | ||
| High-Level Wellness | 4 | ||
| Health Ecology | 5 | ||
| Functioning | 5 | ||
| Health | 5 | ||
| Illness, Disease, and Health | 6 | ||
| Planning for Health | 6 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 | 7 | ||
| Goals | 7 | ||
| Levels of Prevention | 9 | ||
| Primordial Prevention | 9 | ||
| Primary Prevention | 11 | ||
| Health Protection | 11 | ||
| Health Promotion | 11 | ||
| The theoretical basis of health promotion. | 11 | ||
| The social nature of health promotion. | 11 | ||
| The active and passive nature of health promotion. | 11 | ||
| An application of theory to the practice of health promotion. | 12 | ||
| Specific Protection | 13 | ||
| Examples. | 13 | ||
| Secondary Prevention | 13 | ||
| Tertiary Prevention | 13 | ||
| The Nurse’s Role | 13 | ||
| Nursing Roles in Health Promotion and Protection | 13 | ||
| Advocate | 13 | ||
| Care Manager | 14 | ||
| Consultant | 14 | ||
| Deliverer of Services | 14 | ||
| Educator | 14 | ||
| Healer | 14 | ||
| Researcher | 14 | ||
| Improving Prospects for Health | 15 | ||
| Population Effects | 15 | ||
| Shifting Problems | 15 | ||
| Moving Toward Solutions | 16 | ||
| Tying It All Together Using the Nursing Process | 16 | ||
| Problem Identification | 16 | ||
| Planning Interventions | 17 | ||
| What Was the Actual Cause of Frank’s Problem? | 18 | ||
| Evaluation of the Situation | 18 | ||
| Summary | 20 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 20 | ||
| References | 20 | ||
| 2 Emerging Populations and Health | 23 | ||
| Objectives | 23 | ||
| Key Terms | 23 | ||
| Health Disparities and Health Equality | 23 | ||
| Emerging Populations in the United States | 24 | ||
| Ethnicity, Ethnic Group, Minority Group, and Race | 25 | ||
| Culture, Values, and Value Orientation | 25 | ||
| Cultural Competency | 26 | ||
| Folk Healing and Nursing Care Systems | 27 | ||
| Arab Americans | 28 | ||
| Health Care Issues of Arab Americans | 28 | ||
| Selected Health-Related Cultural Aspects | 29 | ||
| Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders | 29 | ||
| Health Care Issues of Asian Americans/ Pacific Islanders | 30 | ||
| Selected Health-Related Cultural Aspects | 30 | ||
| Latino/Hispanic Americans | 31 | ||
| Health Issues of Latino/Hispanic Americans | 32 | ||
| Selected Health-Related Cultural Aspects | 33 | ||
| Black/African Americans | 33 | ||
| Health Issues of Black/African Americans | 34 | ||
| Selected Health-Related Cultural Aspects | 34 | ||
| American Indians/Alaska Natives | 35 | ||
| Health Care Issues of Native Americans | 35 | ||
| Selected Health-Related Cultural Aspects | 36 | ||
| The Emerging Rural and Urban Populations: Homeless Persons | 36 | ||
| Homelessness: A Continuing Saga | 36 | ||
| Why Families and People Become Homeless | 37 | ||
| Health Issues of Homeless People and Families | 37 | ||
| Strategies to Address Homelessness | 38 | ||
| The Nation’s Response to the Health Challenge | 39 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 | 39 | ||
| Office of Minority Health | 39 | ||
| Nursing’s Response to Emerging Populations and Health | 40 | ||
| Summary | 43 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 43 | ||
| References | 43 | ||
| 3 Health Policy and the Delivery System | 47 | ||
| Objectives | 47 | ||
| Key Terms | 47 | ||
| The Health of the Nation | 49 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 | 49 | ||
| Health Indicators of a Nation | 50 | ||
| Historical Role of Women in Health Promotion | 52 | ||
| A Safer System | 53 | ||
| Global Health | 54 | ||
| Historical Perspectives | 54 | ||
| History of Health Care | 55 | ||
| Early Influences | 55 | ||
| Industrial Influences | 55 | ||
| Socioeconomic Influences | 55 | ||
| Public Health Influences | 55 | ||
| Scientific Influences | 55 | ||
| Special Population Influences | 57 | ||
| Political and Economic Influences | 57 | ||
| Split Between Preventive and Curative Measures | 57 | ||
| Organization of the Delivery System | 58 | ||
| Private Sector | 58 | ||
| Independent Practice | 58 | ||
| Move to Managed Care | 59 | ||
| Health Maintenance Organizations | 59 | ||
| Medicare Advantage Plans | 60 | ||
| Independent Practice Associations | 61 | ||
| Accountable Care Organizations | 61 | ||
| Concierge Medical Practices (Retainer Medicine) | 61 | ||
| Hospitalist Movement | 62 | ||
| Point-of-Service Plans | 62 | ||
| High-Deductible Health Insurance Plans | 62 | ||
| Preferred Provider Organizations | 62 | ||
| Public Sector | 63 | ||
| Source of Power | 63 | ||
| Influence of Political Philosophy | 63 | ||
| Current Health Policy | 64 | ||
| Future Health Policy | 64 | ||
| Nursing’s Role in Leading Change—2010 Recommendations of the Institute of Medicine | 65 | ||
| Report on the future of nursing. | 65 | ||
| Official Agencies | 66 | ||
| Local level. | 66 | ||
| State level. | 66 | ||
| Federal level. | 66 | ||
| Chief nursing officer. | 67 | ||
| Federal emergency management agency. | 67 | ||
| Military health systems at the federal level. | 67 | ||
| Wounded warrior care. | 68 | ||
| Americans with disabilities. | 68 | ||
| Federal health information privacy law. | 68 | ||
| International level. | 68 | ||
| Voluntary Agencies | 68 | ||
| The American Red Cross. | 69 | ||
| Financing Health Care | 69 | ||
| Costs | 69 | ||
| Sources | 69 | ||
| Employer Health Benefits | 70 | ||
| Mechanisms | 73 | ||
| Payment | 73 | ||
| Cost Containment | 73 | ||
| Care management. | 74 | ||
| Managed Care Issues | 74 | ||
| Health Insurance | 74 | ||
| Private Health Insurance | 75 | ||
| Public Health Insurance and Assistance | 75 | ||
| Medicare. | 75 | ||
| Medicaid | 77 | ||
| Pharmaceutical Costs | 79 | ||
| The Uninsured: Who are They? | 79 | ||
| Unauthorized Immigrants | 80 | ||
| Health Care Systems of Other Countries | 80 | ||
| Canadian Health Care System | 80 | ||
| Summary | 81 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 82 | ||
| References | 82 | ||
| 4 The Therapeutic Relationship | 84 | ||
| Objectives | 84 | ||
| Key Terms | 84 | ||
| Values Clarification | 85 | ||
| Definition | 85 | ||
| Values and Therapeutic Use of Self | 86 | ||
| The Communication Process | 87 | ||
| Function and Process | 88 | ||
| Types of Communication | 90 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 90 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 91 | ||
| Importance of nonverbal communication. | 91 | ||
| Metacommunication | 91 | ||
| Group Process | 91 | ||
| Effectiveness of Communication | 91 | ||
| Interprofessional Communication and Teamwork | 92 | ||
| Factors in Effective Communication | 93 | ||
| Listening | 93 | ||
| Flexibility | 93 | ||
| Silence | 93 | ||
| Humor | 93 | ||
| Touch | 93 | ||
| Space | 94 | ||
| Health Literacy | 95 | ||
| The Helping or Therapeutic Relationship | 95 | ||
| Characteristics of the Therapeutic Relationship | 96 | ||
| Purposeful Communication | 96 | ||
| Rapport | 96 | ||
| Trust | 96 | ||
| Empathy | 96 | ||
| Goal Direction | 96 | ||
| Ethics in Communicating and Relating | 96 | ||
| Therapeutic Techniques | 97 | ||
| Focus on the Individual | 97 | ||
| Help the Individual to Describe and Clarify Content and Meaning | 98 | ||
| Use Reflection | 98 | ||
| Use Constructive Confrontation | 99 | ||
| Use Nouns and Pronouns Correctly | 99 | ||
| Use Silence | 99 | ||
| Motivational Interviewing | 99 | ||
| Barriers to Effective Communication | 99 | ||
| Anxiety | 100 | ||
| Attitudes | 100 | ||
| Gaps Between the Nurse and the Individual | 100 | ||
| Resistance | 100 | ||
| Transference and Countertransference or Distorting | 100 | ||
| Sensory Barriers | 101 | ||
| Failure to Address Concerns or Needs | 102 | ||
| Setting | 102 | ||
| Stages | 102 | ||
| Orientation or Introductory Phase | 102 | ||
| Working Phase | 103 | ||
| Termination Phase | 103 | ||
| Brief Interactions | 103 | ||
| Summary | 105 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 105 | ||
| References | 106 | ||
| 5 Ethical Issues Related to Health Promotion | 108 | ||
| Objectives | 108 | ||
| Key Terms | 108 | ||
| Health Promotion as a Moral Endeavor | 109 | ||
| Health Care Ethics | 110 | ||
| Origins of Applied Ethics in Moral Philosophy | 110 | ||
| Types of Normative Ethical Theories | 110 | ||
| Consequentialist Theories | 110 | ||
| Duty-Based Theories | 110 | ||
| Character-Based Theories | 111 | ||
| Limitations of Moral Theory | 111 | ||
| Feminist Ethics and Caring | 113 | ||
| Feminist Ethics | 113 | ||
| The Ethics of Care | 114 | ||
| Limits of the Ethic of Care | 114 | ||
| Professional Responsibility | 114 | ||
| Accountability to Individuals and Society | 115 | ||
| Professions | 115 | ||
| Trust | 115 | ||
| Codes of Ethics | 115 | ||
| Advocacy | 115 | ||
| Problem-Solving: Issues, Dilemmas, Risks, and Moral Distress | 116 | ||
| Preventive Ethics | 116 | ||
| Ethical Principles in Health Promotion | 117 | ||
| Autonomy as Civil Liberty | 117 | ||
| Autonomy as Self-Determination | 118 | ||
| Informed Consent | 119 | ||
| Exceptions to Autonomous Decision-Making | 120 | ||
| Confidentiality | 121 | ||
| The Privacy Rule | 122 | ||
| Adolescents: Special Considerations of Confidentiality | 122 | ||
| Veracity | 123 | ||
| Nonmaleficence | 123 | ||
| Beneficence | 124 | ||
| Beneficence: Conflict With Autonomy | 125 | ||
| Justice | 125 | ||
| Strategies for Ethical Decision-Making | 126 | ||
| Locating the Source and Levels of Ethical Problems | 126 | ||
| Values Clarification and Reflection | 126 | ||
| Examine Beliefs and Values | 126 | ||
| The Influence of Personal Beliefs and Values | 126 | ||
| Reflection on Practice | 127 | ||
| Decision-Making Considerations | 127 | ||
| Identify the Main Problem or Issue | 127 | ||
| Determine on Whom the Resolution Will Have an Impact | 127 | ||
| Determine the Prevalent Values | 127 | ||
| Identify Information Gaps | 127 | ||
| Formulate Possible Courses of Action and Probable Consequences | 127 | ||
| Initiate the Selected Course of Action and Evaluate the Outcome | 127 | ||
| Engage in Self-Reflection and Peer or Expert Group Reflection | 127 | ||
| Ethics of Health Promotion: Cases | 128 | ||
| Case 1: Addressing Health Care System Problems—Elissa Needs Help | 128 | ||
| Case 2: She’s My Client!—Lilly and “Jake” (a.k.a. Paul) | 128 | ||
| Case 3: Don’t Touch My Things! Ms. Smyth and Autonomy | 128 | ||
| Summary | 128 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 130 | ||
| References | 130 | ||
| Unit 2 Assessment for Health Promotion | 132 | ||
| 6 Health Promotion and the Individual | 132 | ||
| Objectives | 132 | ||
| Key Terms | 132 | ||
| Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of the Individual | 134 | ||
| Functional Health Pattern Framework | 135 | ||
| Definition | 135 | ||
| Characteristics | 135 | ||
| The Patterns | 138 | ||
| Health Perception–Health Management Pattern | 138 | ||
| Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern | 140 | ||
| Elimination Pattern | 140 | ||
| Activity-Exercise Pattern | 141 | ||
| Sleep-Rest Pattern | 143 | ||
| Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern | 144 | ||
| Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern | 145 | ||
| Roles-Relationships Pattern | 146 | ||
| Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern | 146 | ||
| Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern | 147 | ||
| Values-Beliefs Pattern | 148 | ||
| Individual Health Promotion Through the Nursing Process | 149 | ||
| Collection and Analysis of Data | 149 | ||
| Problem Identification | 149 | ||
| Contributing Etiological Factors | 150 | ||
| Diagnostic Variables | 150 | ||
| Planning the Care | 150 | ||
| Implementing the Plan | 150 | ||
| Evaluating the Plan | 151 | ||
| Summary | 152 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 152 | ||
| References | 152 | ||
| 7 Health Promotion and the Family | 154 | ||
| Objectives | 154 | ||
| Key Terms | 154 | ||
| The Nursing Process and the Family | 156 | ||
| The Nurse’s Role | 156 | ||
| Family Theories and Frameworks | 156 | ||
| The Family From a Developmental Perspective | 158 | ||
| The Family From a Structural-Functional Perspective | 159 | ||
| The Family From a Risk-Factor Perspective | 159 | ||
| Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of the Family | 159 | ||
| Health Perception–Health Management Pattern | 161 | ||
| Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern | 162 | ||
| Elimination Pattern | 162 | ||
| Activity-Exercise Pattern | 162 | ||
| Sleep-Rest Pattern | 162 | ||
| Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern | 163 | ||
| Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern | 163 | ||
| Roles-Relationships Pattern | 164 | ||
| Genogram | 165 | ||
| Ecomap | 166 | ||
| Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern | 166 | ||
| Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern | 169 | ||
| Values-Beliefs Pattern | 169 | ||
| Environmental Factors | 171 | ||
| Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis | 172 | ||
| Analyzing Data | 172 | ||
| Couple Family | 172 | ||
| Childbearing Family | 172 | ||
| Family With Toddlers/Preschool Children | 173 | ||
| Family With School-Age Children | 174 | ||
| Family With Adolescents | 174 | ||
| Family With Young Adults | 175 | ||
| Family With Middle-Aged Adults | 175 | ||
| Family With Older Adults | 175 | ||
| Sexuality. | 176 | ||
| Formulating Family Nursing Diagnoses | 176 | ||
| Planning With the Family | 177 | ||
| Goals | 177 | ||
| Implementation With the Family | 177 | ||
| Evaluation With the Family | 179 | ||
| Summary | 180 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 180 | ||
| References | 180 | ||
| 8 Health Promotion and the Community | 183 | ||
| Objectives | 183 | ||
| Key Terms | 183 | ||
| The Nursing Process and the Community | 186 | ||
| The Nurse’s Role | 186 | ||
| Influencing Health Policy | 187 | ||
| Methods of Data Collection | 189 | ||
| Sources of Community Information | 189 | ||
| Community From a Systems Perspective | 190 | ||
| Structure | 190 | ||
| Function | 190 | ||
| Interaction | 192 | ||
| Community From a Developmental Perspective | 192 | ||
| Community From a Risk-Factor Perspective | 192 | ||
| Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of the Community | 192 | ||
| Health Perception–Health Management Pattern | 192 | ||
| Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern | 194 | ||
| Elimination Pattern | 194 | ||
| Activity-Exercise Pattern | 194 | ||
| Sleep-Rest Pattern | 194 | ||
| Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern | 195 | ||
| Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern | 195 | ||
| Roles-Relationships Pattern | 195 | ||
| Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern | 195 | ||
| Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern | 196 | ||
| Values-Beliefs Pattern | 196 | ||
| Analysis and Diagnosis With the Community | 196 | ||
| Organization of Data | 196 | ||
| Guidelines for Data Analysis | 196 | ||
| Check for Missing Data | 196 | ||
| Identify Patterns | 197 | ||
| Apply Theories, Models, Norms, and Standards | 197 | ||
| Identify Strengths and Health Concerns | 197 | ||
| Identify Causes and Risk Factors | 198 | ||
| Community Diagnosis | 198 | ||
| Planning With the Community | 200 | ||
| Purposes | 200 | ||
| Planned Change | 200 | ||
| Implementation With the Community | 201 | ||
| Evaluation With the Community | 201 | ||
| Summary | 203 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 203 | ||
| References | 204 | ||
| Unit 3 Interventions for Health Promotion | 206 | ||
| 9 Screening | 206 | ||
| Objectives | 206 | ||
| Key Terms | 206 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Screening | 208 | ||
| Advantages | 208 | ||
| Disadvantages | 209 | ||
| Selection of a Screened Disease | 209 | ||
| Significance of the Disease for Screening | 209 | ||
| Detection | 210 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 210 | ||
| Screening Measures | 210 | ||
| Primary Care and Community Screening Resources | 212 | ||
| Should Screening for the Disease Be Done? | 213 | ||
| Ethical Considerations | 214 | ||
| Borderline Cases and Cutoff Points | 214 | ||
| Economic Costs and Ethics | 214 | ||
| Cost-Benefit Ratio | 215 | ||
| Cost-Effectiveness | 215 | ||
| Cost-Efficiency | 215 | ||
| Selection of Screenable Populations | 215 | ||
| Person-Dependent Factors | 215 | ||
| Environment-Dependent Factors | 217 | ||
| National Guidance and Health Care Reform | 217 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 | 217 | ||
| Recommended Screenings of the US Preventive Services Task Force | 217 | ||
| The Affordable Care Act and Prevention Incentives | 218 | ||
| National Prevention Strategy | 218 | ||
| The Nurse’s Role | 219 | ||
| Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health | 220 | ||
| Summary | 220 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 220 | ||
| References | 222 | ||
| 10 Health Education | 224 | ||
| Objectives | 224 | ||
| Key Terms | 224 | ||
| Nursing and Health Education | 225 | ||
| Definition | 226 | ||
| Goals | 226 | ||
| Learning Assumptions | 228 | ||
| Family Health Teaching | 228 | ||
| Health Behavior Change | 229 | ||
| Health Belief Model | 229 | ||
| Social Cognitive Theory | 229 | ||
| Transtheoretical Model of Change | 229 | ||
| Ethics | 230 | ||
| Genomics and Health Education | 230 | ||
| Diversity and Health Teaching | 230 | ||
| Community and Group Health Education | 231 | ||
| Teaching Plan | 232 | ||
| Assessment | 232 | ||
| Determining Expected Learning Outcomes | 233 | ||
| Program Goals | 233 | ||
| Learning Goals | 233 | ||
| Learning Objectives | 233 | ||
| Selecting Content | 233 | ||
| Three Domains of Learning | 233 | ||
| Examples of Learning Objectives | 233 | ||
| Designing Learning Strategies | 234 | ||
| Teaching Strategies | 234 | ||
| Considerations for Selecting Methods | 234 | ||
| Learning Climate | 235 | ||
| Teaching for Each Learning Domain | 235 | ||
| Evaluating the Teaching-Learning Process | 235 | ||
| Referring Individuals to Other Resources | 235 | ||
| Teaching and Organizing Skills | 235 | ||
| Summary | 236 | ||
| References | 237 | ||
| 11 Nutrition Counseling for Health Promotion | 239 | ||
| Objectives | 239 | ||
| Key Terms | 239 | ||
| Nutrition in the United States: Looking Forward From the Past | 240 | ||
| Classic Vitamin-Deficiency Diseases | 240 | ||
| Dietary Inadequacy | 240 | ||
| Dietary Excesses | 240 | ||
| Healthy People 2020: Nutrition Objectives | 241 | ||
| Nutrition-Related Health Status | 243 | ||
| Nutrition Objectives for the United States | 245 | ||
| Food and Nutrition Recommendations | 245 | ||
| Dietary Reference Intakes | 245 | ||
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 | 246 | ||
| Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines | 247 | ||
| Vitamin and Mineral Toxicity | 248 | ||
| Circumstances When Nutrient Supplementation Is Indicated | 249 | ||
| Food Safety | 250 | ||
| Causes of Food-Borne Illness | 250 | ||
| Examples of Common Food-Borne Pathogens | 250 | ||
| Salmonellosis | 250 | ||
| Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection | 251 | ||
| Food Safety Practices | 251 | ||
| Food, Nutrition, and Poverty | 252 | ||
| Poverty and Income Distribution | 252 | ||
| Food Assistance for Low-Income Individuals | 252 | ||
| Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | 252 | ||
| Child Nutrition Program | 253 | ||
| National school lunch program. | 253 | ||
| National school breakfast program. | 254 | ||
| Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children | 254 | ||
| Food and Nutrition Programs for Older Adults | 255 | ||
| The older adults nutrition services program. | 255 | ||
| Nutrition Screening | 255 | ||
| Nutrition Risk Factors | 256 | ||
| Cardiovascular Diseases | 256 | ||
| Heart Disease | 256 | ||
| Diet Intervention | 256 | ||
| Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Treatment Plan | 257 | ||
| Removing Barriers to Treatment Goals | 258 | ||
| Hypertension | 258 | ||
| Epidemiology | 258 | ||
| Diet Intervention | 258 | ||
| Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan | 259 | ||
| Cancer | 259 | ||
| Epidemiology | 259 | ||
| Diet Intervention for Risk Reduction | 259 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 260 | ||
| Epidemiology | 260 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 261 | ||
| Factors involved in building and maintaining skeletal health throughout life. | 261 | ||
| Prevention | 261 | ||
| Obesity | 262 | ||
| Epidemiology | 263 | ||
| Body Mass Index for Adults | 263 | ||
| Body mass index formulas. | 263 | ||
| Body Mass Index Growth Charts for Children | 263 | ||
| Diet Intervention in Weight Reduction | 263 | ||
| Diabetes | 264 | ||
| Prevalence and Incidence | 264 | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes in Children | 265 | ||
| Unit 4 Application of Health Promotion | 348 | ||
| 15 Overview of Growth and Development Framework | 348 | ||
| Objectives | 348 | ||
| Key Terms | 348 | ||
| Overview of Growth and Development | 349 | ||
| Growth | 349 | ||
| Growth Patterns | 357 | ||
| Growth Charts | 357 | ||
| Concept of Development | 358 | ||
| Developmental Patterns | 358 | ||
| Theories of Life span Development | 359 | ||
| Psychosocial Development: Erikson’s Theory | 360 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 360 | ||
| Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory | 360 | ||
| Cognitive Development: Vygotsky’s Theory | 361 | ||
| Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Theory | 362 | ||
| Moral Development: Gilligan’s Theory | 362 | ||
| Behavioral Biological Development | 363 | ||
| Summary | 363 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 365 | ||
| References | 365 | ||
| 16 The Childbearing Period | 366 | ||
| Objectives | 366 | ||
| Key Terms | 366 | ||
| Biology and Genetics | 367 | ||
| Duration of Pregnancy | 367 | ||
| Fertilization | 367 | ||
| Implantation | 367 | ||
| Fetal Growth and Development | 367 | ||
| Placental Development and Function | 368 | ||
| Maternal Changes | 368 | ||
| Signs of Pregnancy | 368 | ||
| Adaptive Changes of Other Systems | 369 | ||
| Reproductive System | 369 | ||
| Preconception Care of Women | 370 | ||
| Normal Discomforts of Pregnancy | 371 | ||
| Teaching the Woman About Changes to Expect in the Body During Pregnancy | 371 | ||
| Total Weight Gain | 371 | ||
| Labor and Birth | 374 | ||
| Overview of Care | 375 | ||
| Changes During Transition From Fetus to Newborn | 376 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 376 | ||
| Apgar Score | 376 | ||
| Sex | 376 | ||
| Race and Culture | 377 | ||
| Genetics | 377 | ||
| Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns | 378 | ||
| Health Perception–Health Management Pattern | 378 | ||
| Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern | 379 | ||
| Elimination Pattern | 382 | ||
| Fetus | 382 | ||
| Pregnant Woman | 382 | ||
| Activity-Exercise Pattern | 383 | ||
| Unit 5 Emerging Global Health Issues | 650 | ||
| 25 Health Promotion for the 21st Century | 650 | ||
| Objectives | 650 | ||
| Key Terms | 650 | ||
| Malnutrition | 651 | ||
| Protein-Energy Malnutrition | 651 | ||
| Severe Acute Malnutrition | 652 | ||
| Addressing Malnutrition at the Global Level | 652 | ||
| Emerging Infections | 652 | ||
| Ebola Virus Disease | 652 | ||
| Zika Virus Disease | 653 | ||
| Human Papilloma Virus Infection | 654 | ||
| Vaccination | 654 | ||
| Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer | 654 | ||
| Screening and Testing | 654 | ||
| Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection | 655 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | 655 | ||
| Nongovernmental Organizations | 656 | ||
| Violence | 656 | ||
| Definition of Violence | 657 | ||
| Defining the Problem | 657 | ||
| Identifying Risk and Protective Factors | 657 | ||
| Devising and Testing Means for Dealing With Violence | 657 | ||
| Applying Successful Means on a Large Scale | 657 | ||
| Forms and Context of Violence | 657 | ||
| Interpersonal Violence | 657 | ||
| Self-Directed Violence | 658 | ||
| Collective Violence | 658 | ||
| Terrorism | 659 | ||
| Bioterrorism | 659 | ||
| Category A Diseases/Agents | 660 | ||
| Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). | 660 | ||
| Smallpox (Variola major). | 660 | ||
| Category B Diseases/Agents | 660 | ||
| Category C Diseases/Agents | 660 | ||
| Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response | 660 | ||
| Natural Disasters | 661 | ||
| Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Well-Being | 661 | ||
| Natural Disaster Responses and Preparedness | 661 | ||
| International Standard Guidelines for Emergency Mental Health Response | 661 | ||
| Emergency Management for Infants in Developed Countries | 662 | ||
| Implications | 662 | ||
| Summary | 664 | ||
| Evolve Chapter Features | 666 | ||
| References | 666 | ||
| Index | 670 | ||
| A | 670 | ||
| B | 671 | ||
| C | 672 | ||
| D | 675 | ||
| E | 676 | ||
| F | 678 | ||
| G | 679 | ||
| H | 680 | ||
| I | 682 | ||
| J | 683 | ||
| K | 683 | ||
| L | 684 | ||
| M | 684 | ||
| N | 686 | ||
| O | 687 | ||
| P | 688 | ||
| Q | 690 | ||
| R | 690 | ||
| S | 691 | ||
| T | 694 | ||
| U | 695 | ||
| V | 695 | ||
| W | 696 | ||
| X | 696 | ||
| Y | 696 | ||
| Z | 696 |