BOOK
Nanogels for Biomedical Applications
Arti Vashist | Ajeet K Kaushik | Sharif Ahmad | Madhavan Nair
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Nanogel-based systems have gained tremendous attention due to their diverse range of applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, biosensors, orthopaedics, wound healing and drug delivery. Nanogels for Biomedical Applications provides a comprehensive overview of nanogels and their use in nanomedicine.
The book starts with the synthesis, methods and characterization techniques for nanogel-based smart materials followed by individual chapters demonstrating the different uses of the materials. Applications covered include anticancer therapy, tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment, tissue engineering, gene delivery and targeted drug delivery.
The book will appeal to biologists, chemists, and nanotechnologists interested in translation research for personalized nanomedicine for health care.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Chapter 1 \r\nJourney of Hydrogels to\r\n Nanogels: A Decade After | 1 | ||
| 1.1 The Journey of Hydrogels | 1 | ||
| 1.2 Driving Force for Designing the Nanogels | 3 | ||
| 1.3 Transformation from Hydrogels to Nanogels for Imaging | 5 | ||
| 1.4 Advancements in Medicinal Applications | 6 | ||
| 1.5 Conclusions | 6 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 7 | ||
| References | 7 | ||
| Chapter 2 Design and Engineering of Nanogels | 9 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 9 | ||
| 2.2 Chemical Interactions and Functionalities | 12 | ||
| 2.3 Polymeric Building Blocks for Designing Nanogels | 13 | ||
| 2.4 Molecular Imprinting Technique (MIT) | 21 | ||
| 2.5 Radical Polymerization: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization | 22 | ||
| 2.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective | 24 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 24 | ||
| References | 24 | ||
| Chapter 3 Medical Applications of Nanogels | 29 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 29 | ||
| 3.2 Stimuli-responsive Drug Release | 31 | ||
| 3.3 Imaging and Diagnostics | 39 | ||
| 3.4 Anaesthetics | 45 | ||
| 3.5 Wound Care | 47 | ||
| 3.6 Limitations to Effective Clinical Use | 48 | ||
| 3.7 Conclusion | 49 | ||
| References | 49 | ||
| Chapter 4 Nanogels in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis | 53 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 53 | ||
| 4.2 Synthesis and Designing of Nanogels | 56 | ||
| 4.3 Nanogels for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Therapeutics | 59 | ||
| 4.3.1 Poly(methacrylic acid)/Isoniazid/Rifampin Nanogel Against Multidrug-resistant Intestinal MTB | 59 | ||
| 4.3.2 Dual Stimuli-responsive Hollow Nanogels | 61 | ||
| 4.3.3 Lung Targeted Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Nanogel Aggregates | 62 | ||
| 4.3.4 LLKKK18 Loaded into a Self-assembling Hyaluronic Acid Nanogel | 63 | ||
| 4.3.5 Photo-cross-linked pH-responsive Polypeptide Nanogels | 64 | ||
| 4.3.6 pH-degradable Imidazoquinoline-ligated Nanogels | 66 | ||
| 4.3.7 Chitosan-DNA Nanoparticles Enhances the Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine Encoding HLA-A* 0201-restricted T-cell Epitopes | 67 | ||
| 4.3.8 DNA Encoding MTB Latency Antigen Rv1733c Associated to PLGA-PEI Nanoparticles | 68 | ||
| 4.4 Nanogels in Tuberculosis Diagnostics | 68 | ||
| 4.4.1 Nanogel-quantum Dot Hybrid Nanoparticles for Live Cell Imaging | 69 | ||
| 4.4.2 Chitosan-based Nanogels for Selective Delivery of Photosensitizers to Macrophages | 69 | ||
| 4.4.3 Chitosan-based Responsive Hybrid Nanogels for Integration of Optical pH-sensing | 70 | ||
| 4.5 Dendrimer-assisted Fluorescent Nanogels | 73 | ||
| 4.6 Conclusion | 73 | ||
| References | 74 | ||
| Chapter 5 Nanogels for Tissue Engineering | 77 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 77 | ||
| 5.2 Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering | 79 | ||
| 5.3 Vascular Tissue Engineering | 83 | ||
| 5.4 Pulmonary Tissue Engineering | 84 | ||
| 5.5 Retinae Tissue Engineering | 85 | ||
| 5.6 Current and Future Outlook | 88 | ||
| 5.7 Conclusion | 90 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 90 | ||
| References | 90 | ||
| Chapter 6 Nanogels for Brain Drug Delivery | 94 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 94 | ||
| 6.2 Utilization of Nanogels Based Advanced Delivery System for Brain | 97 | ||
| 6.3 Nanogel as an Anti-HIV Drug Delivery System for the Brain | 99 | ||
| 6.4 Methotrexate-loaded Chitosan Nanogels for Drug Delivery to Brain | 100 | ||
| 6.5 Nanogels for Brain Tumors | 102 | ||
| 6.6 Nanogels Mediated Oligonucleotide Delivery to the Brain | 102 | ||
| 6.7 Nanogel-drug Delivery for Neurodegenerative Diseases | 104 | ||
| 6.8 Future Prospects for Drug Delivery to the Brain | 106 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 107 | ||
| References | 107 | ||
| Chapter 7 Magnetic Nanogel-enabled Image-guided Therapy | 109 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 109 | ||
| 7.2 Synthesis, Magnetic Property, and Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles | 111 | ||
| 7.2.1 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles | 111 | ||
| 7.2.2 Magnetic Property of Magnetic Nanoparticles | 112 | ||
| 7.2.3 Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles | 113 | ||
| 7.3 Medical Imaging Modalities Using Magnetic Nanoparticles | 114 | ||
| 7.3.1 MRI | 115 | ||
| 7.3.2 X-ray CT and PET | 115 | ||
| 7.3.3 Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) | 116 | ||
| 7.3.4 Magneto-motive Ultrasound Imaging (MMUS) and Magneto-photoacoustic Imaging (MPA) | 116 | ||
| 7.4 Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanogels | 117 | ||
| 7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects | 123 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 124 | ||
| References | 124 | ||
| Chapter 8 Nanogels for Gene Delivery | 128 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 128 | ||
| 8.2 Non-viral Vectors for Gene Delivery | 130 | ||
| 8.3 What are Nanogels | 130 | ||
| 8.3.1 Nanogel Synthesis | 132 | ||
| 8.4 Role of Nanogels in Gene Delivery | 133 | ||
| 8.5 State of the Art Nanogel Gene Delivery | 133 | ||
| 8.6 Therapeutic Advancements in Nanogel Mediated Gene Delivery | 137 | ||
| 8.7 Conclusion and Future Aspects | 139 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 139 | ||
| References | 139 | ||
| Chapter 9 Nanogels as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles | 143 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 143 | ||
| 9.2 Monoclonal Antibody-targeted Nanogels | 144 | ||
| 9.3 Folic Acid-targeted Nanogels | 146 | ||
| 9.4 Hyaluronic Acid-targeted Nanogels | 147 | ||
| 9.5 RGD-targeted Nanogels | 149 | ||
| 9.6 YSA-targeted Nanogels | 150 | ||
| 9.7 Nanogels for Delivery of Oligonucleotides (siRNA/miRNA/DNA) | 151 | ||
| 9.8 Stimulus-responsive Nanogels | 154 | ||
| 9.9 Intracellular Drug Delivery | 155 | ||
| 9.10 Future Prospects | 156 | ||
| References | 157 | ||
| Chapter 10 Nanogels: Stimuli-responsive Drug Delivery Carriers | 161 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 161 | ||
| 10.2 Endogenous and Exogenous Stimuli-responsive Drug Delivery | 166 | ||
| 10.2.1 Thermo-responsive Nanocarriers | 167 | ||
| 10.2.2 pH-dependent Nanostimuli | 168 | ||
| 10.2.3 Redox Potential-sensitive Polymersomes | 168 | ||
| 10.2.4 Light-responsive Polymersomes | 169 | ||
| 10.2.5 Hydrogen Bonding and Electrostatic Force as External Stimuli | 169 | ||
| 10.2.6 Magnetic Field and Ultrasound | 170 | ||
| 10.2.7 Enzymatic Nanostimuli | 170 | ||
| 10.3 Application of Stimuli-responsive Drug Delivery Nanocarriers | 171 | ||
| 10.3.1 Stimuli-responsive Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy | 171 | ||
| 10.4 Future Prospects | 175 | ||
| 10.5 Conclusion | 176 | ||
| References | 177 | ||
| Chapter 11 Injectable Nanogels in Drug Delivery | 181 | ||
| 11.1 Introduction | 181 | ||
| 11.2 Nanogels: a Superior Delivery System | 183 | ||
| 11.2.1 Advantages of Nanoscale Hydrogels Over Bulk Hydrogels or Macrogels | 183 | ||
| 11.2.2 Polymers Commonly Used for the Preparation of Nanogels | 184 | ||
| 11.2.3 Preparation Methods of Nanogels | 185 | ||
| 11.3 In situ Gelation Systems | 186 | ||
| 11.4 Injectable In Situ Gelling Systems for Drug Delivery | 188 | ||
| 11.4.1 Characteristics of Injectable Nanogels | 189 | ||
| 11.4.2 Mechanism Involved in the Formation of Injectable Hydrogel/nanogel | 190 | ||
| 11.4.3 Commonly Used Polymers as Injectable In Situ Gelling Agents | 194 | ||
| 11.4.4 Intelligent/smart Polymers for Injectable Nanogels and Their Significance | 197 | ||
| 11.5 Applications of Injectable Nanogels | 198 | ||
| 11.5.1 Injectable Nanogels for Cancer Therapy | 198 | ||
| 11.5.2 Injectable Nanogels for Treating Diabetics | 199 | ||
| 11.5.3 Injectable Nanogels in Tissue Engineering | 200 | ||
| 11.5.4 Injectable Nanogels in Gene Therapy and Other Applications | 201 | ||
| 11.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives | 202 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 203 | ||
| References | 203 | ||
| Chapter 12 Responsive Nanogels for Anti-cancer Therapy | 210 | ||
| 12.1 Introduction | 210 | ||
| 12.2 Synthesis of Nanogels | 212 | ||
| 12.2.1 Precipitation and Dispersion Polymerization | 213 | ||
| 12.2.2 Emulsion Polymerizations | 214 | ||
| 12.2.3 Nanoprecipitation | 216 | ||
| 12.2.4 Spray Methods | 216 | ||
| 12.2.5 Other Methods | 218 | ||
| 12.3 Stimuli-responsive Nanogels | 219 | ||
| 12.3.1 pH Responsive Nanogels | 219 | ||
| 12.3.2 Redox Responsive Nanogels | 224 | ||
| 12.3.3 Temperature and Near Infrared (NIR) Responsive Nanogels | 228 | ||
| 12.3.4 Enzyme-responsive Nanogels | 233 | ||
| 12.3.5 Dual and Multi-responsive Systems | 240 | ||
| 12.4 Nanogels in Translational Medicine for Next Generation Personalized Medicine | 248 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 252 | ||
| References | 252 | ||
| Chapter 13 Future of Nanogels for Sensing Applications | 261 | ||
| 13.1 Introduction | 261 | ||
| 13.1.1 What is a Biosensor Device? | 262 | ||
| 13.2 Nanogels in Material-to-Biology Communication | 263 | ||
| 13.2.1 Non-supported Enzyme Immobilization: Enzyme Nanogels | 265 | ||
| 13.2.2 Support-based Enzyme Immobilization | 267 | ||
| 13.3 Nanogels in Improving Biosensor Performance | 268 | ||
| 13.4 Nanogels as Fluorescent Probes for Biosensors | 271 | ||
| 13.5 Nanogels as a Membrane | 274 | ||
| 13.6 Integration with Microfluidics for ‘‘System On-chip\" Applications | 275 | ||
| 13.7 Conclusion and Future Aspects | 278 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 279 | ||
| References | 279 | ||
| Chapter 14 Scale-up and Current Clinical Trials for Nanogels in Therapeutics | 283 | ||
| 14.1 The Potential of Nanogels for Therapeutics | 283 | ||
| 14.2 Scale-up and Current Clinical Trials for Nanogels in Therapeutics | 285 | ||
| 14.3 Conclusions | 288 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 288 | ||
| References | 288 | ||
| Chapter 15 Nanogels for Biomedical Applications: Challenges and Prospects | 290 | ||
| 15.1 Introduction | 290 | ||
| 15.1.1 Challenges of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels | 291 | ||
| 15.2 Nanogels for Drug Delivery: Challenges and Prospects | 291 | ||
| 15.3 Nanogels for Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Prospects | 296 | ||
| 15.4 Prospects of Nanogels in Personalized Medicine | 297 | ||
| 15.5 Conclusion | 297 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 298 | ||
| References | 298 | ||
| Subject Index | 301 |