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Book Details
Abstract
In a world of ageing populations, and in the midst of a global shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) pensions, the onus is increasingly on individuals rather than employers to bear the risks of retirement provision. This book weighs the experiences of eight nations across the Americas, Asia and Europe, who have in common early adoption of DC pensions, but very different experiences of mitigation of that risk by the state, either directly through the degree of generosity of the state pension or indirectly through regulation of private pension provision. As the UK (and the world) gears up for the age of DC pensions, different approaches to pension scheme design are examined. Best practice is always worth learning from and each chapter is written by an expert on their chosen pension system.
Gregg McClymont, is the head of Retirement at Aberdeen Standard Investments, is a specialist in global pension systems. Gregg was a UK member of parliament (2010-15) and shadow minister of State for Pensions 2011-2015.
Andy Tarrant is head of Policy and Government Relations at the People’s Pension. Previously he was senior parliamentary advisor to the shadow Europe and to the shadow pension minister; head of government and regulatory affairs for BT Plc’s Global Services Division; director of regulatory affairs at the European Competitive Telecommunications Association; senior competition lawyer at BT Plc; and, head of the International Section at OFTEL.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Towards a New Pensions Settlement | i | ||
Towards a New Pensions Settlement | iii | ||
Contents | v | ||
Foreword | vii | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Costs, charges, transparency | 2 | ||
The Need for Scale Provision | 2 | ||
Governance | 3 | ||
At retirement | 3 | ||
Low Levels of Contribution | 4 | ||
Using retirement savings to pursue multiple policy goals | 5 | ||
The UK context | 5 | ||
Transparency of Costs and Charges | 6 | ||
Governance | 6 | ||
Regulation | 6 | ||
Retirement Income | 7 | ||
Notes | 9 | ||
The United States | 13 | ||
Overview of the defined contribution system | 14 | ||
Eforts to expand coverage | 17 | ||
Federal Initiatives for Expanding Coverage | 17 | ||
State Initiatives | 18 | ||
Conclusion | 20 | ||
Notes | 20 | ||
Chile | 23 | ||
The 2008 reforms and an increased role for the state | 24 | ||
Current debates on pension reform | 27 | ||
Notes | 28 | ||
Mexico | 31 | ||
The gap between the hopes and reality of the AFORE plan Expanding Coverage | 31 | ||
Reducing Retirement Income Equality | 32 | ||
Enhancing Sustainability | 32 | ||
Major issues with the design of the AFORE system | 33 | ||
Low Benefits | 33 | ||
High Fees | 34 | ||
Struggling Annuity Markets | 35 | ||
Notes | 36 | ||
Singapore | 39 | ||
An assessment of the Central Provident Fund system | 42 | ||
Equity and adequacy | 43 | ||
Proposals for reform | 46 | ||
Notes | 47 | ||
Hong Kong | 49 | ||
A legislative framework | 50 | ||
Introduction of a defined contribution arrangement | 51 | ||
Looking ahead | 53 | ||
New Zealand | 55 | ||
Public and private pillars | 55 | ||
The role of capital | 58 | ||
Fiscal cost and income smoothing | 59 | ||
Gaps in the decumulation market | 60 | ||
Notes | 61 | ||
Ireland | 63 | ||
The development of the Irish pension system | 65 | ||
The current Irish pension system | 66 | ||
Pension charges in Ireland | 70 | ||
“Tax expenditure” by the state to encourage private pension provision | 71 | ||
The weakness of the state | 73 | ||
Conclusion | 75 | ||
Acknowledgements | 76 | ||
Notes | 76 | ||
Denmark | 79 | ||
How the Danish multi-pillar system came into being | 79 | ||
State pensions: More targeted | 81 | ||
Defined contribution labour market pensions | 83 | ||
Macroeconomic impact | 84 | ||
Tax subsidies and deferred taxes | 84 | ||
Retirement reforms, funded pensions and sustainability | 84 | ||
Equality and poverty protection | 85 | ||
The traps in the system | 86 | ||
Notes | 87 | ||
Conclusion | 89 | ||
Notes | 95 | ||
Notes on Contributors | 97 |