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Towards a New Pensions Settlement

Towards a New Pensions Settlement

Gregg McClymont | Andy Tarrant

(2018)

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Book Details

Abstract

In a world of ageing populations, and in the midst of a global shift from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution (DC) pensions, the onus is increasingly on individuals rather than employers to bear the risks of retirement provision. This book weighs the experiences of eight nations across the Americas, Asia and Europe, who have in common early adoption of DC pensions, but very different experiences of mitigation of that risk by the state, either directly through the degree of generosity of the state pension or indirectly through regulation of private pension provision. As the UK (and the world) gears up for the age of DC pensions, different approaches to pension scheme design are examined. Best practice is always worth learning from and each chapter is written by an expert on their chosen pension system.
Gregg McClymont, is the head of Retirement at Aberdeen Standard Investments, is a specialist in global pension systems. Gregg was a UK member of parliament (2010-15) and shadow minister of State for Pensions 2011-2015.
Andy Tarrant is head of Policy and Government Relations at the People’s Pension. Previously he was senior parliamentary advisor to the shadow Europe and to the shadow pension minister; head of government and regulatory affairs for BT Plc’s Global Services Division; director of regulatory affairs at the European Competitive Telecommunications Association; senior competition lawyer at BT Plc; and, head of the International Section at OFTEL.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Towards a New Pensions Settlement i
Towards a New Pensions Settlement iii
Contents v
Foreword vii
Introduction 1
Costs, charges, transparency 2
The Need for Scale Provision 2
Governance 3
At retirement 3
Low Levels of Contribution 4
Using retirement savings to pursue multiple policy goals 5
The UK context 5
Transparency of Costs and Charges 6
Governance 6
Regulation 6
Retirement Income 7
Notes 9
The United States 13
Overview of the defined contribution system 14
Eforts to expand coverage 17
Federal Initiatives for Expanding Coverage 17
State Initiatives 18
Conclusion 20
Notes 20
Chile 23
The 2008 reforms and an increased role for the state 24
Current debates on pension reform 27
Notes 28
Mexico 31
The gap between the hopes and reality of the AFORE plan Expanding Coverage 31
Reducing Retirement Income Equality 32
Enhancing Sustainability 32
Major issues with the design of the AFORE system 33
Low Benefits 33
High Fees 34
Struggling Annuity Markets 35
Notes 36
Singapore 39
An assessment of the Central Provident Fund system 42
Equity and adequacy 43
Proposals for reform 46
Notes 47
Hong Kong 49
A legislative framework 50
Introduction of a defined contribution arrangement 51
Looking ahead 53
New Zealand 55
Public and private pillars 55
The role of capital 58
Fiscal cost and income smoothing 59
Gaps in the decumulation market 60
Notes 61
Ireland 63
The development of the Irish pension system 65
The current Irish pension system 66
Pension charges in Ireland 70
“Tax expenditure” by the state to encourage private pension provision 71
The weakness of the state 73
Conclusion 75
Acknowledgements 76
Notes 76
Denmark 79
How the Danish multi-pillar system came into being 79
State pensions: More targeted 81
Defined contribution labour market pensions 83
Macroeconomic impact 84
Tax subsidies and deferred taxes 84
Retirement reforms, funded pensions and sustainability 84
Equality and poverty protection 85
The traps in the system 86
Notes 87
Conclusion 89
Notes 95
Notes on Contributors 97