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The Poor And The Powerless

The Poor And The Powerless

Clive Thomas

(1998)

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Abstract

Foreign interests have dominated the economic development of the Caribbean since the first arrival of Europeans in the region five centuries ago. From the plantation system and slavery to the exploitation of oil and bauxite by the multinational corporations, the history of the Caribbeau people is one of dependency and impoverishment. For the great majority, past and present- slaves, indentured laborers, p easants and workers, the unemployed- the region's subjection to extemal control has meant systematic hardship and social injustice. in this survey of economic development in the Caribbean, Clive Thomas traces the history of colonialism and neocolonialism from the perspective of this majority. Drawing lessons from numerous historical cases, Thomas argues that another form of development- by the poor and for the poor- is not only possible but necessary. The Poor and the Powerless offers a radical appraisal of the Caribbean's past vulnerability to foreign control and its future prospects for genuine independence.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents v
Map x
Preface xii
Introduction 1
Part I: Roots 9
1: Conquest, Settlement and Slavery: The Makings of the Colonial Economy 11
I: The Treasure of the Indies: Conquest, Plunder and Rivalry 12
II: Colonial Settlement: Slavery and the Rise of the Plantation 19
2: Transition: From Colonial Slave Economy to Centre-Periphery Relations 29
I: The Collapse of the Colonial Slave Economy and the Rise of the Peasantry 30
II: Imperialism, Dependency and the Rise of Mass Movements 36
3: Revolt and War: The Caribbean around the Time of the Second World War 45
Part II: Independence and the Nationalist Alternatives 57
4: Colonialism and Nationalism: Alternative Economic Strategies 59
I: The Colonial Office View of Development for the British West Indies 60
II: National Independence and Economic Strategies 71
5: Puerto Rico to the Rescue: Industrialisation by Invitation 75
I: The Rationale 76
II: The Practice 81
III: The Results 90
6: The Caribbean in Boom: Oil and Bauxite 103
I: Survey 104
II: Policy 110
7: Foreign Plantations, Peasants and the State: The Struggle for Land 115
I: Introduction 116
II: Colonial and Nationalist Strategies in Agriculture 122
III: The State of Agriculture 126
IV: Conclusion 139
8: The Search for New Poles of Growth: Tourism and Off-Shore Banking 143
I: Introduction 144
II: Tourism Policy 145
III: Statistical Profile 147
IV: The Results 158
V: Off-Shore Banking 167
9: The State and Institutional Reform 173
Part III: Crisis of the Nationalist Models and Social Experimentation 183
10: Social Structure, Ownership and Controls: The Basic Issues 187
I: Social Structure and Class 188
II: Ownership and Control 196
11: National Experiments: The Radical Options 209
I: Democratic Socialism and Conservative Reaction: Jamaica 210
II: Non-Capitalist Development/Socialist Orientation: Grenada 237
III Cooperative Socialism: Guyana 251
12: National Experiments: The Conservative Options 267
I: Intensification of the Capital-Import Model: Barbados 268
II: Oil Boom and Bust: Trinidad-Tobago 279
13: Small Countries in a Big World: Metropolitan Versus Caribbean Integration 301
I: Introduction 302
II: West Indian Federation: The Colonial Initiative 303
III: From CARIFTA to CARICOM 307
IV: Performance 310
V: Evaluation 319
14: Crisis, Reaction, Response: The Caribbean in the Late 1980s 325
I: Crisis 326
II: Reaction/Responses 329
15: Conclusion: Another Development 351
I: Development: Meaning and Purpose 352
II: Accumulation: Basic Goods and Basic Needs 363
Notes 371
List of Acronyms 376
Bibliography 379
Index 389