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Panama

Panama

John Weeks

(1990)

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Abstract

How did Manuel Noriega, the CIA's most important agent in Central America, become the US administration's most wanted criminal? Why did 22,000 US troops invade Panama, to arrest a man who had been a staunch ally of the US? Was his involvement in the drug trade the real reason for General Noriega's downfall? Panama: Made in the USA explores the unanswered questions behind the invasion of December 1989 and looks at the turbulent history of US-Panamanian relations, in particular the bitter struggle for control of the Panama Canal. It analyses the economic and geo-strategic importance of a country literally created by and for the US government. Looking at Panama since the invasion, the authors explore the challenge facing the US-installed Endara government as rebuilds a country shattered by invasion and US sanctions.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Title Page i
Copyright Page ii
Table of Contents iii
Map — Panama iv
— Canal Zone v
Panama in Brief vi
Acronyms viii
Principal Political Parties and Groupings x
Chronology xiii
Charter of the Organization of American States xix
Statement of Understanding Appended to the Panama Canal Treaty xix
Introduction: Of Rights and Wrongs 1
Chapter 1. Operation 'Just Cause' 3
Chapter 2. Canals and Colonies 18
Chapter 3. Our Man in Panama 45
Chapter 4. Failing to Get the General 71
Chapter 5. Picking up the Pieces 89
Conclusion: Made in the USA 110
Appendix 1. US Violations of International Law 113
Appendix 2. The Human Rights Records of the Noriega and Endara Governments 119
Further Reading 127
Index 129