Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Compiled on behalf of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) as a resource book on animal-drawn carts, these guidelines cover all aspects of their design, production and marketing. Full details - with many three dimensional drawings - are given of the construction of a range of ox and donkey carts, including wheels and axles, with information on materials and costs. Information is based as far as possible on designs that have been shown to work effectively. Other sections cover harnessing of oxen and donkeys, manufacture and marketing, credit and design standards. The guidelines are aimed at promoting improved supply, quality and use of animal-drawn carts in the region.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| CONTENTS | 5 | ||
| PREFACE | 9 | ||
| SECTION A: GUIDELINES ON CART DESIGN | 13 | ||
| A1: INTRODUCTION | 15 | ||
| A1.1 FEATURES OF GOOD CART DESIGN | 15 | ||
| A1.2 RECOMMENDATION FOR MINIMUM DESIGN STANDARDS | 16 | ||
| A1.3 LAYOUT OF MANUAL | 16 | ||
| A1.4 REASONING BEHIND THE GUIDELINES | 18 | ||
| A2: CART CONSTRUCTION | 19 | ||
| A2.1 CART CAPACITY | 19 | ||
| A2.2 CART DIMENSIONS | 21 | ||
| A2.3 LAYOUT OF TWO-WHEEL CARTS (Figure 2.2) | 23 | ||
| A2.4 LAYOUT OF FOUR-WHEEL CARTS | 25 | ||
| A2.5 CONSTRUCTION OF TWO-WHEEL CARTS | 26 | ||
| A2.6 DESIGN OF A STEEL BASE-FRAME (Figure 2.3) | 27 | ||
| A2.7 CONSTRUCTION OF BODY | 30 | ||
| A2.7.1 Body Made From Sheet Steel | 30 | ||
| A2.7.2 Steel Frame With Wooden Body (Figure 2.6) | 35 | ||
| A2.8 WOODEN BASE FRAME AND BODY | 37 | ||
| A2.9 BAMBOO OR TIMBER POLE CONSTRUCTION (Figure 2.8(i) and (ii)) | 38 | ||
| A2.10 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION | 41 | ||
| A2.11 DESIGN OF A HINGED TAILGATE (Figure 2.9) | 43 | ||
| A2.12 ATTACHMENT OF DRAWPOLE (Figure 2.10) | 45 | ||
| A2.13 OTHER TYPES OF CART BODIES | 46 | ||
| A2.14 DESIGN OF 4-WHEEL CARTS (Figure 2.13) | 50 | ||
| A2.15 BRAKE DESIGN | 54 | ||
| A2.16 SUSPENSION | 59 | ||
| A3: WHEEL/AXLE ASSEMBLY | 65 | ||
| A3.1 BASIC FACTORS | 65 | ||
| A3.1.1 Tyres | 65 | ||
| A3.1.2 Rolling Resistance | 66 | ||
| A3.1.3 Friction and Wear in Bearings | 68 | ||
| A3.1.4 Wheel and Bearing Loads | 70 | ||
| A3.1.5 Comparison of the Performance of Different Types of Wheel/Axle Assemblies | 70 | ||
| A3.2 TYPES OF WHEELS | 73 | ||
| A3.2.1 Scrap Rims and Axles | 74 | ||
| A3.2.2 Pressed and Rolled Rims | 80 | ||
| A3.2.3 Wheels for Manufacture in Small to Medium Size Workshops | 82 | ||
| A3.2.4 Fabricated Steel Wheels | 85 | ||
| A3.2.5 Wooden Wheels | 88 | ||
| A3.3 HUB AND AXLE | 92 | ||
| A3.3.1 Machined Hub and Axle Assembly (Figure 3.15) | 92 | ||
| A3.3.2 Fabricated Hub and Axle Assembly (Figure 3.16) | 97 | ||
| A3.3.3 Axle Assemblies with Bush Bearings | 100 | ||
| A3.3.4 Live-Axle Assembly (Figure 3.18) | 103 | ||
| A3.3.5 Other Hub/Bearing Options | 110 | ||
| A3.4 COMPARISON OF WHEEL/AXLE ASSEMBLIES | 114 | ||
| A3.4.1 Comparison of Wheel/Axle Assemblies for Ox-Carts (Table 3.2) | 115 | ||
| A3.4.2 Comparison of Wheel/Axle Assemblies for Light, Single-Donkey Carts (Table 3.3) | 119 | ||
| A3.5 PUNCTURE-RESISTANT TYRES | 121 | ||
| A4: COMPARISON AND SELECTION OF CART DESIGNS | 127 | ||
| A4.1 RANGE OF OPTIONS | 127 | ||
| A4.2 SELECTION OF PREFERRED CART DESIGN | 130 | ||
| A4.2.1 Recommended Design | 130 | ||
| A4.3 ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS | 135 | ||
| A4.3.1 Alternative Designs of Wheel/Axle Assemblies | 135 | ||
| A4.3.2 Intermediate Designs | 137 | ||
| A4.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT | 140 | ||
| A4.4.1 Cart Construction | 140 | ||
| A4.4.2 Wheel and Axle Assemblies | 140 | ||
| A4.4.3 Brakes | 142 | ||
| A4.4.4 Suspension | 142 | ||
| APPENDIX 1: SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION | 144 | ||
| SECTION B: GUIDELINES ON HARNESSING | 147 | ||
| B1: INTRODUCTION | 149 | ||
| B2: HARNESSING OF OXEN | 150 | ||
| B3: HARNESSING OF DONKEYS | 155 | ||
| B4: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WORKING GROUP ON HARNESSING AND HITCHING | 162 | ||
| SECTION C: MANUFACTURE, MARKETING AND MAINTENANCE OF CARTS | 167 | ||
| C1: INTRODUCTION | 169 | ||
| C2: POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPROVEMENTS | 172 | ||
| C3: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WORKING GROUP ON CART MANUFACTURE | 176 | ||
| C4: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WORKING GROUP ON MARKETING | 178 | ||
| C5: RECOMMENDATIONS OF WORKING PARTY ON MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR | 181 | ||
| SECTION D: GUIDELINES ON CREDIT | 183 | ||
| D1: INTRODUCTION | 185 | ||
| D2: TYPES OF CREDIT SCHEME | 186 | ||
| D3: ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF CREDIT PROGRAMMES | 190 | ||
| SECTION E: GUIDELINES ON TESTING OF CARTS AND DESIGN STANDARDS | 195 | ||
| E1: INTRODUCTION | 197 | ||
| E2: RECOMMENDATIONS FROM WORKING GROUP ON TESTING AND STANDARDS | 199 |