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Brick by Brick

Brick by Brick

Kelvin Mason

(2001)

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Book Details

Abstract

This book reviews the theory and practice of technology transfer, change and development. It looks at definitions of Appropriate and Intermediate Technologies in the modern, global context. Based on the experiences of a project of working with brickmakers in Peru, Ecuador and Zimbabwe, the text looks at the elements that make up a successful technology transfer package. These elements are likely to include local research and development, training, access to capital, marketing and quality control. There is a brief overview of the technology involved in brickmaking. This includes an examination of energy efficiency and environmental issues. The brickmaking technologies adopted and adapted by the project in Peru are reviewed with a focus on the process of their development principles and ways of working, such as participation and participatory technology development, are explored. The relationship between producers and those seeking to assist them is examined: how alliances are formed, what the best communications are and what monitoring and evaluation strategies to employ. How the needs of women will be addressed. The main body of the text is illuminated by the inclusion of interviews, anecdotes and articles from people working in the field. The quest is to establish some guiding principles and practices for technology development projects. Ultimately the guidebook is a practical and interesting references for project managers, decision makers and fieldworkers.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents v
Acknowledgements vii
1: Introduction 1
The Shelter Crisis 1
The Choice of Brick Production 3
ITDG and the Shelter Programme 7
About this Book 10
Part I: Appropriate Technology Transfer 13
2: Brickmaking – The Technology and the Product 13
What Exactly is a Fired-day Brick? 13
A Well-known Technology? 14
3: Appropriate Technology and its Transfer 22
Appropriate Technology – In Search of a Working Definition 22
Defining Technology Transfer 25
Elements of Technology Transfer 28
Case Studies in Technology Transfer 31
4: Participatory Technology Development 34
Enhancing Knowledge, Skills and Choices 34
Ownership Through Participation 34
PTD as a Project Tool 35
Conclusion 46
Part II: The Brickmaking Technology Transfer Project 49
5: The Choice of Peru and Ecuador 49
Why Peru? 49
The Project Objective 51
The Situation in Peru 52
The Situation in Ecuador 54
6: Early Experience in Zimbabwe – The Coal-Fired Clamp 56
Brickmaking in Zimbabwe – The Historical Context 56
The Choice of the Coal-Fired Clamp 58
The Process of Technology Transfer 59
Successes and Feedback 60
Lessons Learned 61
Conclusions – But not the End of the Story 64
7: The Start of the Project in Peru – Gathering Data on Energy Efficiency 65
Designing the Technology Transfer Project in Peru 65
The Draft Technology Transfer Plan 70
The Importance of Measuring Energy Efficiency 71
Methodology for Measuring the Energy Used to Fire Clay Bricks 73
8: The Project in Peru and Ecuador – Experimentation and Consolidation 83
An Inauspicious Start – The Cajamarca Coal-fired Clamp 83
Gathering Together Latin American Experience 84
The Project in La Huaca 85
More Fuel Alternatives: Coal Briquettes and Waste Engine Oil 89
Developing Hardware – Crushers, Extruders and Oil-Burning Engines 93
Training Through Exchange Visits 94
The Ecuadorian Perspective 96
Institution Building – Brickmakers' Associations 98
Ten Rules for Energy-Efficient, Cost -Effective Brickmaking 99
9: Project Outcomes 105
Training: Getting it Right 105
Sustainability: What Next? 106
Monitoring Technological Change 106
Environment: More to be Done 109
Information Dissemination: Getting the Message Across 110
10: Guidelines for Participatory Projects 111
Formulation: The Project Proposal and Work Plan 111
Summary: Consolidating Guidelines 113
Further Reading 116
References 120
Appendix 1: Project Time Frame 123
Appendix 2: Energy Monitoring Forms 127
Appendix 3: A Comparison of Calorific Values for Different Fuels 131