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Book Details
Abstract
This book reviews the theory and practice of technology transfer, change and development. It looks at definitions of Appropriate and Intermediate Technologies in the modern, global context. Based on the experiences of a project of working with brickmakers in Peru, Ecuador and Zimbabwe, the text looks at the elements that make up a successful technology transfer package. These elements are likely to include local research and development, training, access to capital, marketing and quality control. There is a brief overview of the technology involved in brickmaking. This includes an examination of energy efficiency and environmental issues. The brickmaking technologies adopted and adapted by the project in Peru are reviewed with a focus on the process of their development principles and ways of working, such as participation and participatory technology development, are explored. The relationship between producers and those seeking to assist them is examined: how alliances are formed, what the best communications are and what monitoring and evaluation strategies to employ. How the needs of women will be addressed. The main body of the text is illuminated by the inclusion of interviews, anecdotes and articles from people working in the field. The quest is to establish some guiding principles and practices for technology development projects. Ultimately the guidebook is a practical and interesting references for project managers, decision makers and fieldworkers.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Table of Contents | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
1: Introduction | 1 | ||
The Shelter Crisis | 1 | ||
The Choice of Brick Production | 3 | ||
ITDG and the Shelter Programme | 7 | ||
About this Book | 10 | ||
Part I: Appropriate Technology Transfer | 13 | ||
2: Brickmaking – The Technology and the Product | 13 | ||
What Exactly is a Fired-day Brick? | 13 | ||
A Well-known Technology? | 14 | ||
3: Appropriate Technology and its Transfer | 22 | ||
Appropriate Technology – In Search of a Working Definition | 22 | ||
Defining Technology Transfer | 25 | ||
Elements of Technology Transfer | 28 | ||
Case Studies in Technology Transfer | 31 | ||
4: Participatory Technology Development | 34 | ||
Enhancing Knowledge, Skills and Choices | 34 | ||
Ownership Through Participation | 34 | ||
PTD as a Project Tool | 35 | ||
Conclusion | 46 | ||
Part II: The Brickmaking Technology Transfer Project | 49 | ||
5: The Choice of Peru and Ecuador | 49 | ||
Why Peru? | 49 | ||
The Project Objective | 51 | ||
The Situation in Peru | 52 | ||
The Situation in Ecuador | 54 | ||
6: Early Experience in Zimbabwe – The Coal-Fired Clamp | 56 | ||
Brickmaking in Zimbabwe – The Historical Context | 56 | ||
The Choice of the Coal-Fired Clamp | 58 | ||
The Process of Technology Transfer | 59 | ||
Successes and Feedback | 60 | ||
Lessons Learned | 61 | ||
Conclusions – But not the End of the Story | 64 | ||
7: The Start of the Project in Peru – Gathering Data on Energy Efficiency | 65 | ||
Designing the Technology Transfer Project in Peru | 65 | ||
The Draft Technology Transfer Plan | 70 | ||
The Importance of Measuring Energy Efficiency | 71 | ||
Methodology for Measuring the Energy Used to Fire Clay Bricks | 73 | ||
8: The Project in Peru and Ecuador – Experimentation and Consolidation | 83 | ||
An Inauspicious Start – The Cajamarca Coal-fired Clamp | 83 | ||
Gathering Together Latin American Experience | 84 | ||
The Project in La Huaca | 85 | ||
More Fuel Alternatives: Coal Briquettes and Waste Engine Oil | 89 | ||
Developing Hardware – Crushers, Extruders and Oil-Burning Engines | 93 | ||
Training Through Exchange Visits | 94 | ||
The Ecuadorian Perspective | 96 | ||
Institution Building – Brickmakers' Associations | 98 | ||
Ten Rules for Energy-Efficient, Cost -Effective Brickmaking | 99 | ||
9: Project Outcomes | 105 | ||
Training: Getting it Right | 105 | ||
Sustainability: What Next? | 106 | ||
Monitoring Technological Change | 106 | ||
Environment: More to be Done | 109 | ||
Information Dissemination: Getting the Message Across | 110 | ||
10: Guidelines for Participatory Projects | 111 | ||
Formulation: The Project Proposal and Work Plan | 111 | ||
Summary: Consolidating Guidelines | 113 | ||
Further Reading | 116 | ||
References | 120 | ||
Appendix 1: Project Time Frame | 123 | ||
Appendix 2: Energy Monitoring Forms | 127 | ||
Appendix 3: A Comparison of Calorific Values for Different Fuels | 131 |