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Ebonics

Ebonics

Dr. David J Ramirez | Prof. Terrence G. Wiley | Gerda de Klerk | Enid Lee | Prof. Wayne E. Wright

(2005)

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Book Details

Abstract

Controversy erupted in 1996 when the Oakland Unified School District’s ‘Ebonics Resolution’ proposed an approach to teaching Standard English that recognized the variety of English spoken by African American students. With new demands for accountability driven by the No Child Left Behind policy and its emphasis on high-stakes testing in Standard English, this debate will no doubt rise again. This book seeks to better inform this next episode.

In Part 1, leading scholars place the debate within its historical and contemporary context, provide clear explanations of what Ebonics is and is not, and offer practical approaches schools can and should follow to address the linguistic needs of African American students. Part 2 provides original documents that accompanied the debate, including the original resolutions, legislation, organization position papers, and commentary/analyses from leading linguists. This book is written for all those whose work impacts the lives of Ebonics speakers in our public schools.


J. David Ramirez is Dean of the School of Education at Long Island University’s Brooklyn Campus. Dr Ramirez is a nationally recognized educational leader and the former principal investigator of the Ramirez Study (the most often cited longitudinal study on bilingual education in the US and the first national study of its kind).

Terrence G. Wiley is Director of the Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in the College of Education at Arizona State University. He is the author of several books and numerous articles on language policy, literacy, biliteracy, and language diversity. He currently co-edits, with Thomas Ricento, the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education.

Gerda de Klerk is a doctoral student in the College of Education at Arizona State University. She has worked in language policy formulation and implementation issues in South Africa, where she was the editor of Bua!, a magazine popularizing sociolinguistic matters.

Enid Lee is the director of Enidlee Consultants. She consults internationally on anti-racist, inclusionary, and equitable education. Enid has been involved in the professional development of teachers for two decades. She is the author of over 30 publications, including Letters to Marcia: A Teacher’s Guide to Anti-Racist Education.

Wayne E. Wright is an assistant professor in the Division of Bicultural-Bilingual Studies at the University of Texas, San Antonio. He also serves as the Co-Director of the Language Policy Research Unit of the Educational Policy Studies Laboratory at Arizona State University.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents v
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction ix
Part 1 Ebonics in the Urban Education Debate 1
Ebonics: Background to the Policy Debate 3
Using the Vernacular to Teach the Standard1 18
Educational Implications of Ebonics 41
Black Language and the Education of Black Children: One Mo Once 49
Ebonics and Education in the Context of Culture: Meeting the Language and Cultural Needs of English Learning African American Students 62
Language Varieties in the School Curriculum: Where Do They Belong and How Will They Get There? 96
Part 2 Background To The Ebonics Debate 109
Introduction 111
Oakland Uni.ed School District’s Resolution 113
ORIGINAL OAKLAND UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT RESOLUTION ON EBONICS 114
Examples of Legislative Reaction 133
CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSE 135
Legal Background 153
MARTIN LUTHER KING JUNIOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ET AL. V. ANN ARBOR SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD 155
Linguists’ Reactions 159
A Linguist Looks At the Ebonics Debate 161
Ebonics and Linguistic Science: Clarifying the Issues 170
Dialect Readers Revisited 178
CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY 180
Organizational Responses 183
POLICY STATEMENT OF THE TESOL BOARD ON AFRICAN AMERICAN VERNACULAR ENGLISH 185
POLICY STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS (AAAL) ON THE APPLICATION OF DIALECT KNOWLEDGE TO EDUCATION 186
CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS (CAL) STATEMENT TO THE MEDIA ON EBONICS 189
CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION FOR BILINGUAL EDUCATION (CABE) POSITION STATEMENT ON EBONICS 191
Recommended Readings on Ebonics 197
Scholarly References and News Titles 199