BOOK
Education, War and Peace: The Surprising Success of Private Schools in War-Torn Countries
James Tooley | David Longfield
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The authors of Education, War & Peace travelled to Liberia, Sierra Leone and South Sudan to conduct research on education in these conflict-affected countries. They uncovered an inspiring story of entrepreneurs stepping into the breach and providing low-cost private schooling to large numbers of children in areas where government was not working well and basic infrastructure had been destroyed. For-profit schools also expanded quickly to soak up educational demand once the conflicts were over. The fees were affordable to families on the poverty line and the children did better academically than those in government schools. Yet international agencies continue to promote government-run schools, even though state education has been a major source of both conflict and corruption in these countries. This groundbreaking study advocates a different approach. Low-cost private schools should be welcomed by policymakers as a means of providing high quality educational opportunities for all.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| RANGE!C12 | 62 | ||
| _Ref364951322 | 62 | ||
| _ENREF_1 | 104 | ||
| _ENREF_4 | 104 | ||
| _ENREF_13 | 104 | ||
| _ENREF_14 | 105 | ||
| _ENREF_15 | 105 | ||
| _ENREF_25 | 105 | ||
| _ENREF_94 | 111 | ||
| _ENREF_110 | 112 | ||
| The authors | viii | ||
| Summary | x | ||
| Tables and figures | xiii | ||
| 1\tIntroduction | 1 | ||
| 2\tThe standard approach | 7 | ||
| Government education is a cause of conflict | 8 | ||
| During conflict, private education emerges | 10 | ||
| As peace is restored, governments must ‘normalise’ education | 12 | ||
| The standard approach in South Sudan | 14 | ||
| The standard approach in Sierra Leone | 16 | ||
| The standard approach in Liberia | 18 | ||
| Moving away from the standard approach | 21 | ||
| 3\tThe standard approach versus the evidence | 23 | ||
| Challenges to the standard approach | 23 | ||
| Different types of school management | 24 | ||
| Research evidence: South Sudan | 26 | ||
| Research evidence: Sierra Leone | 31 | ||
| Research evidence: Liberia | 37 | ||
| Research conclusions | 40 | ||
| 4\tSeven features of for-profit private schools | 41 | ||
| Private for-profit schools are significant providers in each country | 42 | ||
| For-profit private schools are not a drain on the treasury, nor are they favoured by international donors | 45 | ||
| For-profit private schools are helping countries meet their development goals, much faster than governments realise | 48 | ||
| For-profit private schools reach the parts other school types do not reach | 50 | ||
| For-profit schools are affordable to poor families | 52 | ||
| For-profit private schools appear to be fair to girls | 57 | ||
| For-profit private schools are better value for money | 61 | ||
| Conclusion | 66 | ||
| 5\tA new approach | 68 | ||
| Reducing the involvement of the state in education can reduce corruption | 71 | ||
| Better education delivered by the private sector can be one bulwark against oppression | 72 | ||
| Reducing the power of the state in education reduces opportunities for oppression | 72 | ||
| The iron law of oligarchy | 73 | ||
| The iron law of oligarchy applied to education | 75 | ||
| The iron law in South Sudan | 75 | ||
| The iron law in Sierra Leone | 85 | ||
| The iron law in Liberia | 90 | ||
| Conclusion | 93 | ||
| 6\tConclusions: reducing the power of the state in education | 95 | ||
| References | 104 | ||
| About the IEA | 114 | ||
| Table 1\tDifferent types of private school found in our research | 25 | ||
| Table 2\tSchools and pupils in Juba, by management type | 27 | ||
| Table 3\tSchools and pupils in Western Area, by management type | 31 | ||
| Table 4\tDoe Community children (5–14 years old) by school type | 39 | ||
| Table 5\tMonrovia schools’ survey: schools and pupils by school level and management category | 43 | ||
| Table 6\tNursery provision in Juba, by management type | 45 | ||
| Table 7\tPrimary provision in Juba, by management type | 45 | ||
| Table 8\tJuba schools, external donor funding, by management type | 46 | ||
| Table 9\tPrivate management types and government assistance, Western Area, Sierra Leone | 47 | ||
| Table 10\tInvisible private primary schools (Juba) | 49 | ||
| Table 11\tInvisible private primary schools, by management type (Juba) | 50 | ||
| Table 12\tPercentage of pupils and schools by payam and management type, Juba | 52 | ||
| Table 13\tPurchasing Power Parity (PPP) calculations | 53 | ||
| Table 14\tAffordability calculations | 54 | ||
| Table 15\tFee categories, all schools | 54 | ||
| Table 16\tFee categories, all schools, by management type | 55 | ||
| Table 17\tGender, percentage and numbers in nursery and primary school, Juba | 58 | ||
| Table 18\tPredicted raw reading scores (low, very low and ultra-low cost schools only) | 59 | ||
| Table 19\tGender parity in private schools, Western Area | 60 | ||
| Table 20\tGender, by management type (school survey), Monrovia | 60 | ||
| Table 21\tPredicted reading scores (%), by management category, gender and school fees | 62 | ||
| Table 22\tTeacher salaries by management type, Western Area, Sierra Leone | 62 | ||
| Table 23\tValue for money | 65 | ||
| Table 24\tEducational provision and access in North and South Sudan in 1960 | 80 | ||
| Table 25\tLevel of access to education in North and South Sudan during the inter-war period, 1972–83 | 83 | ||
| Figure 1\tSchools in Juba by management type | 28 | ||
| Figure 2\tPupils in Juba by management type | 28 | ||
| Figure 3\tSchools in Juba by management type over time | 30 | ||
| Figure 4\tPupils in schools in Western Area by management type | 32 | ||
| Figure 5\tSchools in Western Area by management type over time | 33 | ||
| Figure 6\tPredicted reading scores, by management, school fees and gender | 35 | ||
| Figure 7\tPupils in seven Monrovian slums, by school management type | 38 | ||
| Figure 8\tDoe Community, percentage of children in different school types | 39 | ||
| Figure 9\tSchools in seven slums of Monrovia by management type over time | 40 | ||
| Figure 10\tPrivate management types and government assistance (Sierra Leone) | 48 | ||
| Figure 11\tMap of Juba schools | 51 | ||
| Figure 12\tAverage cost to parents of government and private schools, Doe Community, Monrovia (L$) | 56 | ||
| Figure 13\tReading scores predicted by interaction model for low, very low and ultra-low cost schools | 58 | ||
| Figure 14\tGender, by destination (household survey) | 61 | ||
| Figure 15\tMean primary 4 teacher salaries by management type, Western Area | 63 |