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Wealth Creation without Pollution - Designing for Industry, Ecobusiness Parks and Industrial Estates

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Wealth Creation without Pollution - Designing for Industry, Ecobusiness Parks and Industrial Estates

Brian D'Arcy | Lee-Hyung Kim | Marla Maniquiz-Redillas

(2017)

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Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-1-78040-834-7
Edition
1
Language
English
Pages
328
Subjects
The environment
Water supply & treatment
Mining technology & engineering

Abstract

The development of eco-industrial parks and associated ‘ecological industry’ concepts offer progressive integrated approaches to resolve pollution problems from effluents and wastes of all kinds. Most industry however is now located in business parks and industrial estates, with relatively few industries having direct discharges of process effluents to the water environment. But that does not mean no pollution. Many of these estates are very large, with many companies of all kinds spread over extensive areas. All have surface water drainage and stormwater runoff is often contaminated by many diffuse sources. Wealth Creation without Pollution is the culmination of several years of deliberations by academics and regulators, engaging with industrial and commercial sectors to characterise and quantify environmental problems and identify best practice solutions. Equally important have been efforts to explore sufficiently flexible regulatory regimes that offer effective means to prevent pollution and achieve good working environments in which industry and commerce can flourish. This book explores how modern industries are striving towards more sustainable practices, with case studies of impacts and of greener industry practices, as well as philosophical and policy papers. The role of regulators, planners and government in fostering a greener industrial base is also examined. Wealth Creation without Pollution is a valuable text book for environmental science and engineering students, and a useful resource for industrial architects, developers and practitioners.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents v
Sponsors xviii
List of Chemical Symbols and Standard Acronyms xix
General guide to technical acronyms xxi
Preface xxiii
Foreword from Vince Cable xxv
Foreword from South Korea xxvii
Chapter 1: Industrial pollution and the water environment: a historical perspective 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGES 5
1.2.1 Industrial effluents 5
1.2.2 Mining industry 7
1.2.3 Effluent impacts case study: The River Mersey Bird Mortality 7
1.3 INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES – POINT SOURCE AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION 11
1.3.1 Drainage from industrial districts 11
1.3.2 Major accidents and other industrial incidents 12
1.4 DIFFUSE SOURCES OF POLLUTION 13
1.4.1 Diffuse pollution at point of manufacture or processing 13
1.4.2 Industrial products causing pollution at point of use 15
1.5 DISCUSSION 18
1.6 CONCLUSIONS 20
1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 21
REFERENCES 21
Chapter 2: Accidents and pollution: industry impacts 25
2.1 INTRODUCTION 25
2.2 CATASTROPHIC EPISODES 26
2.2.1 Seveso, Italy 26
2.2.2 Bhopal, India 27
2.2.3 Sweizerhalle, Switzerland – the Rhine Incident 28
2.2.4 Tianjin, China 29
2.3 CHRONIC POLLUTION IMPACTS 29
2.3.1 Hinkley, California 29
2.3.2 Love Canal, USA 30
2.3.3 Minamata and Niigata, Japan 31
2.3.4 Toyama Prefecture, Japan 32
2.4 DISCUSSION 32
2.5 CONCLUSIONS 33
REFERENCES 35
Chapter 3: Industrial estates as sources of water pollution 37
3.1 INTRODUCTION 37
3.1.1 Definitions 37
3.1.2 Pollution sources and importance 38
3.2 CASE STUDY (1) NW ENGLAND & WALES 41
3.2.1 Sources and pathways – Industrial estate surveys in Merseyside 41
3.2.2 Deepols – potable water supplies at risk 44
3.3 CASE STUDY (2) DAEGU, KOREA 45
3.4 DISCUSSION 47
3.4.1 Oil 47
3.4.2 Seasonality and diffuse pollution characteristics 48
3.5 CONCLUSIONS 49
REFERENCES 50
Chapter 4: Risk assessments – trader activities and water pollution 53
4.1 INTRODUCTION 53
4.2 TRADER ACTIVITIES AND POLLUTION RISKS 54
4.2.1 Activities and pollution risks – desktop study 54
4.2.2 Prioritisation of risk areas 55
4.2.3 Verification through site visits 57
4.3 NORMALISATION OF RISKS 58
4.4 DERIVED SITE MANAGEMENT RESPONSES FOR THE IDENTIFIED RESIDUAL RISKS 59
4.4.1 Surface Water Action Plan 59
4.4.2 SUDS retrofit measures 60
4.5 RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION TO WIDER CATCHMENT POLLUTION 60
4.6 CONCLUSIONS 62
REFERENCES 62
Chapter 5: Green industry concept and practices 65
5.1 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY 65
5.2 GREEN INDUSTRY CONCEPT 66
5.3 GREEN INDUSTRY PRACTICES 68
5.3.1 Environmental accounting (EA) 68
5.3.2 Eco-industrial park (EIP) 69
5.3.2.1 Planning the new industrial park 69
5.3.2.2 Transforming existing industrial parks 70
5.3.3 Stormwater management 71
5.4 CONCLUSIONS 73
REFERENCES 74
Chapter 6: The restructuring of industrial estates in the Netherlands: The use of a new decision support model for a process analysis of the inner harbor area of Enschede 75
6.1 A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR SOCIETY 75
6.2 A ‘REAL LIFE’ EXAMPLE: RESTRUCTURING OF AN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE IN THE HARBOR OF THE CITY OF ENSCHEDE 77
6.2.1 A brief introduction to the city and the industrial estate 77
6.2.2 A growing sense of a need to act, and the first restructuring activities 77
6.2.3 Lack of progress and desired results 77
6.3 DEVELOPING AN OVERVIEW AND AN UNDERSTANDING: A QUESTION-BASED PROCESS DECISION SUPPORT MODEL 78
6.3.1 Complex decision-making taking place in arenas 78
6.3.2 A process model for supporting practitioners in their decision-making 78
6.4 THE APPLICATION OF THE DECISION SUPPORT MODEL TO THE INNER HARBOR AREA OF ENSCHEDE 80
6.4.1 Initial design should focus on interests and involvement of actors 80
6.4.2 Outcomes of the first session: Rich information, but lack of completeness and overview 81
6.4.3 Bridging the sessions: Redesign according to need 82
6.4.4 Outcomes of the second session: Commitment remains the key issue 82
6.4.5 Bridging the sessions: Addressing changed priorities 83
6.4.6 Final outcomes 83
6.5 LESSONS LEARNED 84
6.5.1 1st lesson learned: Focus on motives, and do not forget the impact of a ‘common history’ 85
6.5.2 2nd lesson learned: Balance the need for progress and the need for open discussion 85
6.5.3 3rd lesson learned: Use time-pressure as an incentive for efficiency and to-the-point outcomes 86
6.5.4 4th lesson learned: Combining the roles of researcher and moderator: effective, but not without risks 86
6.5.5 5th lesson learned: Adapt decision-support to fit the specific situation 86
6.6 SOME BRIEF REFLECTIONS ON FUTURE NEEDS FOR A MORE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES 87
REFERENCES 88
Chapter 7: Eco-innovation opportunities in the waste management sector in Scotland 89
7.1 INTRODUCTION 89
7.1.1 About industrial symbiosis 90
7.1.2 The eco-industrial park concept 91
7.2 CASE STUDY: INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS AND ECO-PARK DEVELOPMENT IN EAST SCOTLAND 92
7.2.1 Background to ACE eco-partnerships 92
7.2.2 Scoping for retrofit EIP development potential on existing industrial estates 92
7.2.3 Scoping for potential EIP on new sites, or single tenant sites 93
7.2.3.1 Site A 94
7.2.3.2 Site B 94
7.2.3.3 Site C 95
7.2.3.4 Summary 96
7.3 DISCUSSION 97
7.4 CONCLUSION 98
REFERENCES 98
Chapter 8: Green industrial park practice: A case study of green infrastructure in Wenling, China 99
8.1 INTRODUCTION 99
8.2 BACKGROUND 100
8.2.1 Water shortage – the bottleneck for the development of Wenling new district 101
8.3 A SOLUTION – GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE 102
8.3.1 Detention facilities 103
8.3.2 Bioretention 103
8.3.3 Rainwater harvesting 106
8.4 CONCLUSIONS 106
REFERENCES 107
Chapter 9: Drainage infrastructure for industrial and commercial premises, estates and business parks 109
9.1 INTRODUCTION 109
9.2 SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY 110
9.2.1 Bringing various objectives into a single technology 110
9.2.2 SUDS in relation to industrial estates 111
9.2.3 Example SUDS features 113
9.2.3.1 Grass filter strips 113
9.2.3.2 Grass swales as source control measures 114
9.2.3.3 Grass swales as conveyance features 115
9.2.3.4 Bioretention 116
9.2.3.5 Green roofs 117
9.2.3.6 Green walls 118
9.2.3.7 Pervious pavements 119
9.2.3.8 Filter drains 120
9.2.3.9 Extended detention basins 121
9.2.3.10 Retention ponds and stormwater wetlands 122
9.3 OTHER DRAINAGE FEATURES 123
9.3.1 Inspection chambers 123
9.3.2 Silt traps and oil interceptors 124
9.3.3 Packaged filtration units and vortex separators 124
9.4 INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY 125
9.4.1 Water quality and pollution risks for industrial premises and estates 125
9.4.2 Spatial application of SUDS 125
9.4.2.1 At source and on site 127
9.4.2.2 Conveyance swales or drains 128
9.4.2.3 Regional (whole estate) features 128
9.4.3 Treatment capability 128
9.5 DISCUSSION 129
9.5.1 Treatment trains 129
9.5.2 Compromise or lateral thinking 130
9.5.3 Technology development for managing design and construction risks 130
9.5.4 Catchment initiatives and retrofits 130
9.6 CONCLUSIONS 130
9.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 132
REFERENCES 132
Chapter 10: Low impact development features: hydrological and environmental effects 135
10.1 INTRODUCTION 135
10.2 LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) 138
10.2.1 Principles and goals 138
10.2.2 Integrated management practices (IMPs) for LID 140
10.2.3 Sizing criteria of LID facility 142
10.2.3.1 Water quality volume (WQV) 143
10.2.3.2 Water quality flow (WQF) 144
10.2.3.3 Groundwater recharge volume (GRV) 144
10.2.4 Pretreatment and sediment control 145
10.2.4.1 Pretreatment considerations: 146
10.3 HYDROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 146
10.3.1 Changes of water quality and runoff flow after LID application 146
10.3.2 Effect on the volume reduction after LID application 147
10.3.3 Effect on the pollutant reduction after LID application 147
10.3.4 Ancillary effects and benefits of LID application 149
10.4 CONCLUSION 150
REFERENCES 150
Chapter 11: The application of sustainable drainage technology: challenges and solutions 153
11.1 INTRODUCTION 153
11.2 THREE EUROPEAN CASE STUDIES 154
11.3 ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS 154
11.3.1 J4M8 Distribution park, near Bathgate, West Lothian 154
11.3.1.1 Objectives and challenges 156
11.3.1.2 Added value and benefits 157
11.3.1.3 Solutions 157
11.3.2 Dunfermline east expansion site, Dunfermline, Scotland UK 159
11.3.2.1 Objectives and challenges 159
11.3.2.2 Added value and benefits 159
11.3.2.3 Solutions 160
11.3.3 Hoppegarten industrial estate, near Berlin, Germany 160
11.3.3.1 Objectives and challenges 161
11.3.3.2 Added value and benefits 161
11.3.3.3 Solutions 161
11.4 DISCUSSION 163
11.4.1 Biodiversity or simply effective drainage 163
11.4.2 Keeping to a strategic plan 163
11.4.3 Risks of failures on early application of new ideas 164
11.4.4 Multiple benefits from the SUDS features 166
11.4.4.1 Innovation 166
11.5 CONCLUSIONS 167
REFERENCES 167
APPENDIX: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE THREE CASE STUDY SITES 168
Chapter 12: Maintenance requirements for stormwater management facilities 171
12.1 INTRODUCTION 171
12.2 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 173
12.3 MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS 175
12.4 EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES 177
12.4.1 Small scale: Kongju National University campus, Cheonan, South Korea 177
12.4.2 Medium scale: Sejong City, Korea 181
12.4.3 Medium to large scale 184
12.4.3.1 Four rivers’ BMP demo projects, South Korea 184
12.4.3.2 Examples in the USA and UK 186
12.5 DISCUSSION 190
12.6 CONCLUSION 190
REFERENCES 191
Chapter 13: The Interaction between the EU Industrial Emissions and Water Framework Directives with particular emphasis on industrial estates 193
13.1 INTRODUCTION 193
13.2 THE INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS DIRECTIVE 193
13.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASURES TO BE ADOPTED UNDER THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE 195
13.4 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE IED AND WFD 197
13.5 INTEGRATED REGULATION FOR AN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE 199
13.6 CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATED REGULATION OF ESTATES 200
13.7 OTHER INSTRUMENTS TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES 201
13.8 CONCLUSIONS 202
13.9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 203
REFERENCES 204
Chapter 14: The regulatory regime for bringing SUDS into routine use for industrial estates and business parks in Scotland, UK 205
14.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM 205
14.2 THE BASIS OF THE REGULATORY APPROACH 207
14.3 RESULTS 209
14.3.1 Legislation in Scotland and SUDS technology 209
14.3.2 Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Scotland 211
14.3.2.1 The responsibility for shared (‘public’) SUDS features 211
14.3.2.2 A requirement for new development to use SUDS techniques 212
14.3.3 Design and construction 213
14.3.4 Managing flood risk 213
14.4 DISCUSSION 214
14.4.1 Enforcement 214
14.4.2 The relationship between statutes and policy 214
14.4.3 How to achieve multiple benefits from SUDS technology? 215
14.4.4 Sector engagement and economic drivers 215
14.5 CONCLUSIONS 215
14.6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 216
REFERENCES 216
APPENDIX 217
Chapter 15: Regulatory regimes for diffuse pollution and industrial estates in Korea 219
15.1 INTRODUCTION 219
15.2 COMPREHENSIVE MEASURES FOR NPS POLLUTION MANAGEMENT 221
15.3 REGULATORY REGIME FOR DIFFUSE POLLUTION MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS 222
15.3.1 Fundamental act of water cycle 222
15.3.2 Total pollutant load management system (TPLMS) 223
15.3.3 Reporting system of NPS management facility 224
15.3.4 NPS control area designation system 224
15.3.5 Biotope and ecological area secure system 225
15.3.6 Buffer storage basin development system 226
15.3.7 Eco-industrial park (EIP) 226
15.3.8 Integrated environmental management system 226
15.3.9 Low impact development (LID) manual for EIA 227
15.3.10 Restoration of water circulation and NPS management projects 227
15.4 CONCLUSION 228
REFERENCES 228
Chapter 16: Evaluating performance of proprietary and conventional urban stormwater management systems 229
16.1 INTRODUCTION 229
16.2 CORE ISSUES 230
16.3 EXISTING PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES 231
16.4 METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATING RESULTS 233
16.5 DISCUSSION 234
16.6 CONCLUSIONS 235
REFERENCES 235
Chapter 17: An integrated approach for pollution prevention on industrial premises 237
17.1 EVOLUTION OF POLLUTION PREVENTION APPROACHES 237
17.2 HOW TO ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE WITH EFFLUENT DISCHARGE LIMITS? 238
17.2.1 Process control 238
17.3 SITE RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 239
17.3.1 Drainage details 240
17.3.2 Potential pollutants 241
17.3.3 Contacts, consequences and responsibilities 242
17.3.3.1 Receiving water considerations 243
17.4 OIL POLLUTION 244
17.4.1 Oil pollution risks at point of consumption or use 244
17.4.2 Pollution sources for significant spills and leaks 244
17.4.3 Oil production, storage and distribution depots 247
17.5 CHEMICALS, TOXIC METALS AND OTHER POLLUTANTS 248
17.6 FOOD AND DRINKS INDUSTRY 249
17.7 DRAINAGE MISCONNECTIONS 249
17.8 WASTES 250
17.9 CAPTURING POLLUTANTS WITHIN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM 251
17.10 CONTINGENCY PLANNING 251
17.11 DISCUSSION 252
17.12 CONCLUSIONS 254
REFERENCES 254
APPENDIX 256
Chapter 18: Product substitution – addressing the challenge of hazardous priority pollutants 259
18.1 INTRODUCTION 259
18.2 CADMIUM CASE STUDY 264
18.3 PRODUCT SUBSTITUTION AND SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE TECHNOLOGY 266
18.4 DISCUSSION 267
18.5 CONCLUSION 268
REFERENCES 268
Chapter 19: Taking a more holistic approach to reduce diffuse industrial stormwater pollution: The Kingston Case Study (Australia) 271
19.1 BACKGROUND 271
19.1.1 A diverse city 271
19.1.2 A city-wide commitment to a water sensitive future 271
19.1.3 Industrial diversity 273
19.1.4 Industrial stormwater quality 274
19.1.5 The source of industrial diffuse pollution 275
19.2 OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW AND REDEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 275
19.2.1 Engaging with developers 276
19.2.2 Best practice site layout 276
19.3 OPPORTUNITIES AT EXISTING INDUSTRIAL PRECINCTS 278
19.3.1 Engaging with business operators 278
19.3.2 Retrofitting for change 280
REFERENCES 280
Chapter 20: Beyond legislation – working together to protect the water environment 283
20.1 INTRODUCTION 283
20.2 WHY WORK TOGETHER? 284
20.3 BUILDING AND WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP 286
20.4 CASE STUDY EXAMPLES 287
20.4.1 Oil Care Campaign 287
20.4.2 Pollution Prevention Pays 288
20.4.3 The Voluntary Initiative (reducing the environmental impacts of pesticides) 290
20.4.4 The Graphics business sector, Denmark 291
20.5 CONCLUSIONS 292
REFERENCES 292
Index 295

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