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Book Details
Abstract
Amphibians and reptiles is a comprehensive guide to the native and non-native species of amphibian and reptile found in the British Isles. Professor Trevor Beebee covers the biology, ecology, conservation and identification of the British herpetofauna, and provides keys for the identification of adult and immature newts and newt eggs, larvae and metamorphs; frog and toad adults and metamorphs, spawn and larvae; adult and hatchling limbed lizards; and adult snakes. Distribution maps are included for all species, and the book is illustrated throughout with colour photographs and figures.
The goal of this book is to encourage readers to develop their own ecological studies, to this end, the author summarises the current state of knowledge of reptile and amphibian biology, including behaviour, breeding, habitat selection, migration and development, and offers ideas for research projects that could be undertaken to further what is known. A chapter is devoted to the practicalities of professional work with amphibians and reptiles, including licensing requirements. Research techniques, including survey methods such as night searches for newts and bottle trapping, are discussed in detail, and consideration is given to methods of data analysis.
Author royalties from this book have been donated to Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.
It's always nice when a book is published that enthuses you because it is so inspiring. [...] A number of things struck me as positive. First is that the author convincingly shows how research on captive animals contributes to our knowledge. [...] Second, a lot of attention is paid to the role of schools in the protection of amphibians and reptiles [...] Third, and most inspiring to me, is that the author gives many ideas for future research. [Translation from Dutch review]
Sergé Bogaerts
Trevor Beebee’s interest in amphibians was triggered, at age 11, by a chance visit to a pond near his home on the outskirts of Manchester. Two years later he moved to Surrey and encountered reptiles on the surrounding heath; so the scene was set of a lifetime of fascination with all the British species. Trevor subsequently obtained a degree in Biological Sciences at The University of East Anglia, followed by a PhD in biochemistry at the University of Sussex, before taking up a lectureship at Sussex and in 2003 becoming professor of molecular ecology there. Over the years he pursued a combined interest in research and conservation, mostly concerning amphibians (especially natterjack toads) but also with some work on reptiles. In the latter period Trevor became especially concerned about genetic aspects of conservation and the risks of population isolation and inbreeding depression. He has published over 150 scientific papers, more than 30 articles and several books on amphibians and reptiles including The Natterjack Toad, Frogs and Toads, Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians and, with Richard Griffiths, the most recent New Naturalist volume (Amphibians and Reptiles) on these intriguing animals. He has a longstanding connection (since 1960) with the British Herpetological Society and served at various times as editor of its scientific journal, its chairman and its president. Trevor has been a trustee of the charity Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (previously called the Herpetological Conservation Trust) since its inception in 1989 and was awarded the Peter Scott Memorial Award by the British Naturalists' Association in 2009 for contributions to amphibian conservation. He retired to live in Somerset in 2012.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Title page | 2 | ||
Contents | 4 | ||
Foreword | 5 | ||
Acknowledgements | 6 | ||
1 Introduction | 8 | ||
1.1 Interest in amphibians and reptiles | 8 | ||
1.2 Engaging with amphibians and reptiles | 11 | ||
1.3 Special aids | 14 | ||
1.4 Where next? | 17 | ||
2 Basic biology | 19 | ||
2.1 Life histories | 19 | ||
2.2 Skin | 22 | ||
2.3 Feeding | 24 | ||
2.4 Respiration | 25 | ||
2.5 Thermoregulation | 26 | ||
2.6 Amphibian reproduction | 27 | ||
2.7 Reptile reproduction | 30 | ||
2.8 Taxonomy and evolutionary history | 32 | ||
3 Ecology and conservation | 37 | ||
3.1 What is a population? | 37 | ||
3.2 Population dynamics | 39 | ||
3.3 Population trends | 42 | ||
3.4 Natural regulators of population size | 43 | ||
3.5 Human regulation of amphibian and reptile population sizes | 48 | ||
3.6 Community ecology | 50 | ||
3.7 Conservation | 51 | ||
4 Surveying andmonitoring | 54 | ||
4.1 Strategy | 54 | ||
4.2 Survey methods for amphibians | 56 | ||
Daylight searches | 56 | ||
Using a pond net | 57 | ||
Night searching | 58 | ||
Live-trapping | 58 | ||
Calls of breeding males | 60 | ||
Refugia | 60 | ||
4.3 Survey methods for reptiles | 60 | ||
Daytime searching | 61 | ||
Artificial refugia | 62 | ||
4.4 Presence/absence surveys | 63 | ||
Native amphibian surveys | 64 | ||
Native reptile surveys | 64 | ||
Non-native species | 64 | ||
4.5 Population size surveys | 65 | ||
Spawn counts | 66 | ||
Head counting by torch at night | 66 | ||
Torch counting for newts | 67 | ||
Trap counts of newts | 67 | ||
Head counts | 68 | ||
4.6 Using the data | 69 | ||
5 Studying amphibians | 71 | ||
5.1 Life in the pond: from egg to metamorph | 72 | ||
Factors affecting spawn mortality | 73 | ||
Working with tadpoles | 75 | ||
5.2 Juvenile life | 80 | ||
Individual identification | 80 | ||
Dispersal | 81 | ||
5.3 Studying adult amphibians | 83 | ||
Frog and toad breeding behaviour | 83 | ||
Newt breeding behaviour | 85 | ||
Aquatic habitat selection | 88 | ||
Life on land | 89 | ||
Migration | 91 | ||
Longevity | 92 | ||
Introduced species | 92 | ||
6 Studying reptiles | 95 | ||
6.1 Eggs and juveniles | 97 | ||
6.2 Adult lizards | 100 | ||
6.3 Adult snakes | 104 | ||
6.4 General questions about reptiles | 106 | ||
7 How schools can help | 110 | ||
7.1 News from home | 110 | ||
7.2 Field study | 111 | ||
7.3 Lab study | 112 | ||
7.4 Overview | 114 | ||
8 Identifying species found in Britain | 115 | ||
8.1 Amphibians | 127 | ||
Key I Adult and immature newts | 128 | ||
Sexing newts | 128 | ||
Key II Newt eggs, larvae and metamorphs | 129 | ||
8.2 Frogs and toads | 131 | ||
Sexing frogs and toads | 131 | ||
Key III Frogs and toads (adults and metamorphs) | 132 | ||
Key IV Frog and toad spawn | 134 | ||
Key V Frog and toad larvae | 135 | ||
8.3 Reptiles | 136 | ||
Sexing lizards | 136 | ||
Key VI Adult and hatchling limbed lizards | 137 | ||
8.4 Snakes | 139 | ||
Sexing snakes | 139 | ||
Key VII Adult snakes | 140 | ||
8.5 Distribution of amphibians and reptiles | 141 | ||
Local distributions | 141 | ||
9 Working with amphibians and reptiles: some basic essentials | 147 | ||
9.1 Legal niceties | 147 | ||
9.2 Handling amphibians and reptiles | 149 | ||
9.3 General good practice | 152 | ||
9.4 Individual identification | 152 | ||
9.5 Forward planning and the basics of statistical approaches | 154 | ||
Hypothesis testing | 154 | ||
9.6 Statistical methods | 157 | ||
Planning the study | 157 | ||
Investigating variations in distribution | 158 | ||
Data distributions | 159 | ||
Comparing means | 160 | ||
Correlation and regression | 162 | ||
Survivorship studies | 163 | ||
Multivariate statistics | 164 | ||
9.7 Publication outlets | 166 | ||
9.8 Meetings | 168 | ||
10 Useful addresses and links | 169 | ||
10.1 Organisations | 169 | ||
Amphibian and reptile specialists | 169 | ||
Other relevant non-government organisations (NGOs) | 169 | ||
Statutory organisations | 170 | ||
Central offices for licence applications | 170 | ||
Equipment suppliers | 171 | ||
Aquaria and vivaria | 171 | ||
Pond and aquarium nets | 171 | ||
Powerful torches | 171 | ||
Food for captive amphibians and reptiles | 171 | ||
References | 172 | ||
Index | 174 |