Menu Expand
Amphibians and reptiles

Amphibians and reptiles

Trevor J. C. Beebee

(2013)

Additional Information

Abstract

Amphibians and reptiles is a comprehensive guide to the native and non-native species of amphibian and reptile found in the British Isles. Professor Trevor Beebee covers the biology, ecology, conservation and identification of the British herpetofauna, and provides keys for the identification of adult and immature newts and newt eggs, larvae and metamorphs; frog and toad adults and metamorphs, spawn and larvae; adult and hatchling limbed lizards; and adult snakes. Distribution maps are included for all species, and the book is illustrated throughout with colour photographs and figures.

The goal of this book is to encourage readers to develop their own ecological studies, to this end, the author summarises the current state of knowledge of reptile and amphibian biology, including behaviour, breeding, habitat selection, migration and development, and offers ideas for research projects that could be undertaken to further what is known. A chapter is devoted to the practicalities of professional work with amphibians and reptiles, including licensing requirements. Research techniques, including survey methods such as night searches for newts and bottle trapping, are discussed in detail, and consideration is given to methods of data analysis.

Author royalties from this book have been donated to Amphibian and Reptile Conservation.


It's always nice when a book is published that enthuses you because it is so inspiring. [...] A number of things struck me as positive. First is that the author convincingly shows how research on captive animals contributes to our knowledge. [...] Second, a lot of attention is paid to the role of schools in the protection of amphibians and reptiles [...] Third, and most inspiring to me, is that the author gives many ideas for future research. [Translation from Dutch review]


Sergé Bogaerts

Trevor Beebee’s interest in amphibians was triggered, at age 11, by a chance visit to a pond near his home on the outskirts of Manchester. Two years later he moved to Surrey and encountered reptiles on the surrounding heath; so the scene was set of a lifetime of fascination with all the British species. Trevor subsequently obtained a degree in Biological Sciences at The University of East Anglia, followed by a PhD in biochemistry at the University of Sussex, before taking up a lectureship at Sussex and in 2003 becoming professor of molecular ecology there. Over the years he pursued a combined interest in research and conservation, mostly concerning amphibians (especially natterjack toads) but also with some work on reptiles. In the latter period Trevor became especially concerned about genetic aspects of conservation and the risks of population isolation and inbreeding depression. He has published over 150 scientific papers, more than 30 articles and several books on amphibians and reptiles including The Natterjack Toad, Frogs and Toads, Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians and, with Richard Griffiths, the most recent New Naturalist volume (Amphibians and Reptiles) on these intriguing animals. He has a longstanding connection (since 1960) with the British Herpetological Society and served at various times as editor of its scientific journal, its chairman and its president. Trevor has been a trustee of the charity Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (previously called the Herpetological Conservation Trust) since its inception in 1989 and was awarded the Peter Scott Memorial Award by the British Naturalists' Association in 2009 for contributions to amphibian conservation. He retired to live in Somerset in 2012.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Title page 2
Contents 4
Foreword 5
Acknowledgements 6
1 Introduction 8
1.1 Interest in amphibians and reptiles 8
1.2 Engaging with amphibians and reptiles 11
1.3 Special aids 14
1.4 Where next? 17
2 Basic biology 19
2.1 Life histories 19
2.2 Skin 22
2.3 Feeding 24
2.4 Respiration 25
2.5 Thermoregulation 26
2.6 Amphibian reproduction 27
2.7 Reptile reproduction 30
2.8 Taxonomy and evolutionary history 32
3 Ecology and conservation 37
3.1 What is a population? 37
3.2 Population dynamics 39
3.3 Population trends 42
3.4 Natural regulators of population size 43
3.5 Human regulation of amphibian and reptile population sizes 48
3.6 Community ecology 50
3.7 Conservation 51
4 Surveying andmonitoring 54
4.1 Strategy 54
4.2 Survey methods for amphibians 56
Daylight searches 56
Using a pond net 57
Night searching 58
Live-trapping 58
Calls of breeding males 60
Refugia 60
4.3 Survey methods for reptiles 60
Daytime searching 61
Artificial refugia 62
4.4 Presence/absence surveys 63
Native amphibian surveys 64
Native reptile surveys 64
Non-native species 64
4.5 Population size surveys 65
Spawn counts 66
Head counting by torch at night 66
Torch counting for newts 67
Trap counts of newts 67
Head counts 68
4.6 Using the data 69
5 Studying amphibians 71
5.1 Life in the pond: from egg to metamorph 72
Factors affecting spawn mortality 73
Working with tadpoles 75
5.2 Juvenile life 80
Individual identification 80
Dispersal 81
5.3 Studying adult amphibians 83
Frog and toad breeding behaviour 83
Newt breeding behaviour 85
Aquatic habitat selection 88
Life on land 89
Migration 91
Longevity 92
Introduced species 92
6 Studying reptiles 95
6.1 Eggs and juveniles 97
6.2 Adult lizards 100
6.3 Adult snakes 104
6.4 General questions about reptiles 106
7 How schools can help 110
7.1 News from home 110
7.2 Field study 111
7.3 Lab study 112
7.4 Overview 114
8 Identifying species found in Britain 115
8.1 Amphibians 127
Key I Adult and immature newts 128
Sexing newts 128
Key II Newt eggs, larvae and metamorphs 129
8.2 Frogs and toads 131
Sexing frogs and toads 131
Key III Frogs and toads (adults and metamorphs) 132
Key IV Frog and toad spawn 134
Key V Frog and toad larvae 135
8.3 Reptiles 136
Sexing lizards 136
Key VI Adult and hatchling limbed lizards 137
8.4 Snakes 139
Sexing snakes 139
Key VII Adult snakes 140
8.5 Distribution of amphibians and reptiles 141
Local distributions 141
9 Working with amphibians and reptiles: some basic essentials 147
9.1 Legal niceties 147
9.2 Handling amphibians and reptiles 149
9.3 General good practice 152
9.4 Individual identification 152
9.5 Forward planning and the basics of statistical approaches 154
Hypothesis testing 154
9.6 Statistical methods 157
Planning the study 157
Investigating variations in distribution 158
Data distributions 159
Comparing means 160
Correlation and regression 162
Survivorship studies 163
Multivariate statistics 164
9.7 Publication outlets 166
9.8 Meetings 168
10 Useful addresses and links 169
10.1 Organisations 169
Amphibian and reptile specialists 169
Other relevant non-government organisations (NGOs) 169
Statutory organisations 170
Central offices for licence applications 170
Equipment suppliers 171
Aquaria and vivaria 171
Pond and aquarium nets 171
Powerful torches 171
Food for captive amphibians and reptiles 171
References 172
Index 174