BOOK
Ladybirds
Helen E. Roy | Peter M. J. Brown | Richard F. Comont | Remy L. Poland | John J. Sloggett | Sophie Allington | Chris Shields
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This revised and updated edition of Ladybirds provides a succinct but comprehensive and accessible overview of the biology of ladybirds and their parasites, focusing on ecology in an evolutionary context. It provides the latest information, coverage of recent additions to the British list including the harlequin ladybird, and makes suggestions for further research, both short and long term, highlighting gaps in knowledge and showing readers how to get involved with recording and studying ladybirds. It includes updated keys for the identification of ladybirds at late-instar larval and adult stages, and techniques for studying ladybirds and their parasites in both laboratory and field.
The authors hope that this book will be a valuable resource, not only for students, from school to university and beyond, but also for anyone with an interest in natural history, whether professional or recreational.
"...quite excellent..."
Simon Barnes
Helen Roy completed her PhD (on the ecology of ladybirds, Pandora neoaphidis (fungal insect pathogen) and other aphid natural enemies) at Rothamsted Research (linked with Nottingham University) in 1997. She combined research with teaching for 10 years before taking up a position (research scientist) with the Biological Records Centre (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology) where she is responsible for zoological data and research and works extensively with national zoological schemes and societies. Her research focuses on the effects of environmental change on insect populations and communities.
Peter Brown is a senior lecturer in the Department of Animal & Environmental Biology at Anglia Ruskin University. His research focuses on understanding the spread distribution of the invasive harlequin species of ladybird, both in the UK and worldwide. Peter monitors the effects of the harlequin’s spread on our native ladybird species and is involved in genetic work to detect predation of ladybirds and other prey by the harlequin.
Richard Comont joined the Bumblebee Conservation Trust as Science Manager in 2013 after six years at the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, mainly spent monitoring and analysing ladybirds.
Remy Poland is a biology teacher at Clifton College, Bristol. Her research focuses on the evolutionary ecology of ladybirds. Current interests include the ecological impacts of the invasive 'harlequin ladybird', Harmonia axyridis, on British aphidophagous insects, particularly native coccinellids, through the processes of resource competition and intraguild predation.
It's pretty much the only book you'll ever need if you want to get into ladybirds. It covers everything from life history, evolutionary biology, population and more. It also has a key to help you identify and a section on how and where to collect ladybirds for recording. If you like ladybirds, you'll like this book!
Suffolk Naturalist
It seems to me that no aspect of ladybird life has been neglected in this publication. This book is packed with fascinating information presented in a very readable form and I found it hard to put down. From the plagues of ladybirds occasionally reported in the press to chromosome numbers and male-killing parasitic bacteria such as Rickettsia and Wolbachia I found it all interesting stuff. Highly recommended for both the expert and casual reader interested in insects.
Colin Hart
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Title page | ii | ||
Contents | iv | ||
Editors’ preface | v | ||
Acknowledgements | vi | ||
Reader feedback | vii | ||
About Pelagic Publishing | vii | ||
1 Introduction | 1 | ||
1.1 Introduction | 1 | ||
1.2 What are ladybirds? | 2 | ||
2 Life history | 5 | ||
2.1 General life cycle | 5 | ||
2.2 Eggs | 6 | ||
2.3 Larvae | 7 | ||
2.4 Pupae | 8 | ||
2.5 Adults | 9 | ||
2.6 Environmental change and life history of ladybirds | 11 | ||
3 Ladybirds in their environment | 15 | ||
3.1 Habitat and dietary preferences | 15 | ||
3.2 Ladybirds as predators | 18 | ||
3.3 Ladybirds as herbivores and mildew feeders | 21 | ||
3.4 Ladybirds as intraguild predators | 22 | ||
3.5 Alternative foods | 24 | ||
3.6 Overwintering | 24 | ||
4 Ladybirds and their natural enemies | 30 | ||
4.1 Predators of ladybirds | 30 | ||
4.2 Parasitoids and parasites of ladybirds | 31 | ||
Parasitoid flies | 32 | ||
Parasitoid wasps | 34 | ||
Parasitic mites | 37 | ||
Nematodes | 37 | ||
4.3 Microorganisms | 37 | ||
Bacteria | 38 | ||
Fungi | 38 | ||
4.4 Future work | 40 | ||
5 Variation in ladybirds | 42 | ||
5.1 Colours and patterns in ladybirds | 42 | ||
5.2 Colour pattern variation in the 2-spot | 44 | ||
5.3 Colour pattern variation in the 10-spot | 47 | ||
5.4 Colour pattern variation in the harlequin ladybird | 48 | ||
5.5 Colour pattern variation in other species | 49 | ||
5.6 Other morphological variation | 54 | ||
6 Population and evolutionary biology | 56 | ||
6.1 Population size | 56 | ||
6.2 The evolutionary biology of sibling egg cannibalism | 59 | ||
6.3 Warning colouration and chemical defence | 61 | ||
6.4 Polymorphism in the 2-spot ladybird | 65 | ||
6.5 Polymorphism in the harlequin ladybird | 68 | ||
6.6 Evolutionary relationships | 69 | ||
Plate 1 | 2 | ||
Plate 2 | 3 | ||
Plate 3 | 4 | ||
Plate 4 | 5 | ||
Plate 5 | 6 | ||
Plate 6 | 7 | ||
Plate 7 | 8 | ||
Plate 8 | 9 | ||
Plate 9 | 10 | ||
Plate 10 | 11 | ||
Plate 11 | 12 | ||
Plate 12 | 13 | ||
7 Ladybird distribution | 74 | ||
7.1 Present residents in Britain | 74 | ||
7.2 Occasional species | 83 | ||
8 Identification of British ladybirds | 85 | ||
8.1 Introduction to keys | 85 | ||
I: Field key to adult British ladybirds | 85 | ||
II: Key to all the adult British Coccinellidae | 94 | ||
III: Field key to the larvae of British ladybirds | 106 | ||
8.2 Similar species and occasional immigrants | 112 | ||
Non-ladybird species | 112 | ||
False ladybird, Endomychus coccineus | 112 | ||
Poplar leaf-beetle, Chrysomela populi | 112 | ||
Ladybirds | 113 | ||
Vibidia 12-guttata | 113 | ||
Cynegetis impunctata | 113 | ||
Calvia 10-guttata | 113 | ||
Oenopia conglobata | 113 | ||
Exochomus nigromaculatus | 114 | ||
Inconspicuous coccinellids | 114 | ||
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | 114 | ||
Vedalia ladybird, Rodolia cardinalis | 114 | ||
Scymnus subvillosus | 114 | ||
9 Study techniques and materials | 115 | ||
9.1 Collecting techniques and equipment | 115 | ||
Where to collect | 115 | ||
Searching, beating and sweeping | 115 | ||
Containers for collecting ladybirds | 117 | ||
Recording scheme | 117 | ||
9.2 Culturing ladybirds | 118 | ||
Housing ladybirds | 119 | ||
Collecting wild aphids | 120 | ||
Feeding ladybirds | 120 | ||
Alternative and artificial diets | 120 | ||
Care of eggs, larvae and pupae | 122 | ||
Culturing other species of British ladybirds | 123 | ||
Non-predatory ladybirds | 124 | ||
9.3 Study techniques | 125 | ||
Making a collection | 125 | ||
Basic examination | 127 | ||
Examining genitalia | 127 | ||
Chromosome preparations | 128 | ||
Mark, release and recapture | 129 | ||
How to present your findings | 131 | ||
References | 132 | ||
Index | 138 | ||
Diagrams | 142 |