Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
CCTV for Wildlife Monitoring is a handbook on the use of CCTV in nature watching, conservation and ecological research. CCTV offers a unique ability to monitor wildlife in real time, stream video to the web, capture imagery of fast-moving species or cold animals such as wet otters or fish and maintain monitoring over long periods of time in a diverse array of habitats. Wildlife watchers can take advantage of a huge range of CCTV cameras, recording devices and accessories developed for use in non-wildlife applications. CCTV allows intimate study of animal behaviour not possible with other technologies.
With expert experience in engineering, photography and wildlife, Susan Young describes CCTV equipment and techniques, giving readers the confidence to tackle what initially may seem technically challenging. The book enables the reader to navigate the technical aspects of recording: basic analogue, high definition HD-TVI and IP cameras, portable CCTV, digital video recorders (DVR) and video processing by focusing on practical applications. No prior knowledge of CCTV is required – step-by-step information is provided to get anyone started recording wildlife.
In-depth methods for recording foxes, badger, deer, otters, small mammals and fish are also included, and the book makes comparisons with trail cameras where appropriate. Examples of recorded footage illustrate the book along with detailed diagrams on camera set-ups and links to accompanying videos on YouTube. Case-studies show real projects, both the equipment used and the results.
This book will be of interest to amateur naturalists wishing to have a window into the private world of wildlife, ecological consultants monitoring protected species and research scientists studying animal behaviour.
Susan Young is a photographer and writer with a background in physics and engineering, and a passion for wildlife. Her previous writing has covered topics from wildlife photography to computer techniques for gardeners. She has used CCTV to monitor Barbastelle bats and developed portable CCTV monitoring protocols as part of pioneering on-going research with Natural England and the Woodland Trust.
This book tackles an area of interest for wildlife watchers which up until now seemed to be the province of TV professionals. Using high definition CCTV for wildlife monitoring now appears to be definitely within reach for both the interested wildlife amateur and professional scientist. The author is knowledgeable and unpretentious allowing us to share in her hard won expertise in a straightforward down to earth way avoiding unnecessary costs and effort. The illustrations and diagrams are very clear and emphasise that much can be done with simple DIY as well as over the counter kits. The Quick Start guides are especially good from that point of view. Pitfalls and trade-offs are highlighted and alternative technical set ups are discussed depending on the particular aims of the monitoring. Technical aspects of different types of camera are covered as well as dealing with the videos produced. The advantages and differences between HD-TVI and traditional alternatives such as trail cameras are also explored. The wildlife and scientific case studies are fascinating and fully engage the reader making it almost impossible to resist delving deeper. Whether interested in monitoring a garden bird box or monitoring wildlife in wilder areas or even under water, this book will provide you with the necessary practical information to achieve your aims and inspire you to go further.
Dr Katherine Begg, environmental chemist and academic
This book is a rare combination of two things: it is useful and it is interesting. It helps to open the door to CCTV monitoring for the amateur, an endeavour that will seem intimidating to anyone but an expert. The instructive sections are laid out logically with informative diagrams and photographs to assist you along the way (very useful). Instructions are straightforward and avoid jargon, making this an exceptionally accessible guide.
Steph Maher
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Preface | x | ||
Acknowledgements | xi | ||
List of video references | xii | ||
Abbreviations | xiii | ||
CCTV for wildlife monitoring – an overview | xv | ||
1. Analogue CCTV | 1 | ||
1.1 Analogue CCTV Quick Start | 1 | ||
1.1.1 Bird box – a simple introduction to CCTV | 1 | ||
1.2 Basics of analogue CCTV | 4 | ||
1.2.1 Introduction | 4 | ||
1.2.2 Basic analogue CCTV setup | 7 | ||
1.3 Videos | 14 | ||
2. Advanced CCTV details | 15 | ||
2.1 Introduction | 15 | ||
2.2 Digital and analogue | 15 | ||
2.3 Wireless CCTV cameras | 15 | ||
2.4 Power sources | 16 | ||
2.4.1 Wired systems | 16 | ||
2.4.2 Wireless systems | 17 | ||
2.5 Image quality | 18 | ||
2.5.1 Camera quality | 18 | ||
2.6 Connections and wiring | 20 | ||
2.6.1 Cable | 21 | ||
2.6.2 Connectors | 24 | ||
2.6.3 Adapters | 25 | ||
2.7 Camera parameters | 27 | ||
2.7.1 Range | 27 | ||
2.7.2 Field of view | 28 | ||
2.7.3 Other parameters | 31 | ||
2.8 Recorder parameters | 31 | ||
2.8.1 Motion detection | 31 | ||
2.8.2 Pre-record | 31 | ||
2.8.3 Sensitivity of motion detection | 32 | ||
2.8.4 Masking | 32 | ||
2.8.5 Scheduling | 32 | ||
2.8.6 Recording after the event timing | 32 | ||
2.8.7 Clip lengths | 32 | ||
2.9 Setting up | 33 | ||
2.9.1 Positioning the camera | 33 | ||
2.10 Fixing details | 36 | ||
2.10.1 Large cameras | 36 | ||
2.10.2 Small cameras | 36 | ||
2.11 Other considerations | 36 | ||
2.11.1 Using a monitor for testing | 36 | ||
2.11.2 Internet viewing | 37 | ||
2.11.3 Maintenance | 38 | ||
2.12 Bird and mammal boxes | 39 | ||
2.12.1 Nest box plan | 39 | ||
2.12.2 Mammal boxes/feeding stations | 41 | ||
2.13 Advanced systems | 42 | ||
2.13.1 Wireless | 42 | ||
2.13.2 Event monitors | 43 | ||
2.14 Videos | 43 | ||
3. HD-TVI CCTV | 45 | ||
3.1 HD-TVI Quick Start | 45 | ||
3.2 HD-TVI CCTV | 47 | ||
3.2.1 Introduction | 47 | ||
3.2.2 HD-TVI setup | 48 | ||
3.3 Videos | 51 | ||
4. IP cameras | 52 | ||
4.1 IP camera Quick Start | 52 | ||
4.2 IP cameras (advanced CCTV) | 52 | ||
4.2.1 Introduction | 52 | ||
4.3 IP cameras in depth | 55 | ||
4.3.1 Technical details | 55 | ||
4.3.2 Setting up | 60 | ||
4.3.3 Working with images | 61 | ||
4.4 Videos | 62 | ||
5. Portable CCTV | 64 | ||
5.1 Portable CCTV Quick Start | 64 | ||
5.2 Portable CCTV | 64 | ||
5.2.1 Introduction | 64 | ||
5.2.2 Technical details | 64 | ||
5.2.3 Portable CCTV setup | 73 | ||
6. Videos | 75 | ||
6.1 Digital video recorders | 75 | ||
6.1.1 Construction | 75 | ||
6.1.2 Menus | 76 | ||
6.1.3 Recording | 76 | ||
6.1.4 Playback | 77 | ||
6.1.5 Exporting | 77 | ||
6.2 Portable DVRs | 77 | ||
6.2.1 Genie SD-DVR software | 78 | ||
6.2.2 iCatcher | 78 | ||
6.2.3 Video-editing software | 79 | ||
6.3 Dealing with videos | 79 | ||
6.3.1 Project design | 79 | ||
6.3.2 Reducing video numbers | 79 | ||
6.4 Picture quality | 81 | ||
6.4.1 Good-quality cameras | 81 | ||
6.4.2 Good-quality cables | 82 | ||
6.4.3 Image stability | 82 | ||
6.5 Analysing videos | 82 | ||
6.5.1 Exporting data | 82 | ||
6.5.2 Data storage | 82 | ||
6.5.3 Analysis frequency | 82 | ||
6.6 Video enhancement | 83 | ||
6.6.1 Low contrast | 84 | ||
6.7 Videos | 85 | ||
7. Technical case studies | 86 | ||
7.1 In pursuit of image quality | 87 | ||
7.1.1 Conclusions | 91 | ||
7.2 Setting up portable CCTV | 91 | ||
7.2.1 Equipment | 92 | ||
7.2.2 Initial construction | 92 | ||
7.2.3 Arriving at the site | 93 | ||
7.3 Setting up an IP camera | 96 | ||
7.3.1 Equipment | 96 | ||
7.3.2 Setting up | 96 | ||
7.3.3 Output | 98 | ||
7.4 Making a lightweight mammal box | 99 | ||
7.4.1 Steps to making the box | 100 | ||
7.5 Connecting a lead-acid battery | 103 | ||
7.5.1 The battery | 103 | ||
7.5.2 The connectors | 104 | ||
7.5.3 The terminal block | 104 | ||
7.6 Videos | 105 | ||
8. Wildlife case studies | 107 | ||
8.1 Clean pond dipping | 107 | ||
8.1.1 Introduction | 107 | ||
8.1.2 Equipment | 108 | ||
8.1.3 Method 1 – mobile system | 108 | ||
8.1.4 Method 2 – fixed system | 110 | ||
8.1.5 Conclusions | 112 | ||
8.2 Catching the frog catchers | 112 | ||
8.2.1 Introduction | 112 | ||
8.2.2 Equipment | 113 | ||
8.2.3 Method | 114 | ||
8.2.4 Results | 116 | ||
8.3 Rock pool surveying | 117 | ||
8.3.1 Introduction | 117 | ||
8.3.2 Equipment | 118 | ||
8.3.3 Method | 119 | ||
8.3.4 Results | 120 | ||
8.3.5 Conclusions | 121 | ||
8.4 Badger activity – a life story | 121 | ||
8.4.1 Introduction | 121 | ||
8.4.2 Equipment | 122 | ||
8.4.3 Method | 123 | ||
8.4.4 Stages to look out for | 124 | ||
8.5 Bird feeders and bird baths | 125 | ||
8.5.1 Introduction | 125 | ||
8.5.2 Equipment | 126 | ||
8.5.3 Method | 127 | ||
8.5.4 Bird bath action | 129 | ||
8.5.5 Conclusions | 129 | ||
8.6 Tawny owl | 130 | ||
8.6.1 Introduction | 130 | ||
8.6.2 Equipment | 130 | ||
8.6.3 Method | 131 | ||
8.6.4 Results | 132 | ||
8.6.5 Conclusions | 132 | ||
8.7 Videos | 132 | ||
9. Scientific case studies | 137 | ||
9.1 Fish monitoring using a submersible camera – a pilot study | 138 | ||
9.1.1 Introduction | 138 | ||
9.1.2 Aims of the project | 138 | ||
9.1.3 Developing the equipment | 138 | ||
9.1.4 Factors affecting image clarity | 142 | ||
9.1.5 Field of view | 146 | ||
9.1.6 Determination of fish size | 148 | ||
9.1.7 General issues to consider | 149 | ||
9.1.8 Video analysis | 149 | ||
9.1.9 A selection of trial results | 150 | ||
9.1.10 Suggestions for further study | 151 | ||
9.1.11 Conclusions of the case study | 152 | ||
9.2 Monitoring bats in woodland – a pilot study | 152 | ||
9.2.1 Introduction | 152 | ||
9.2.2 Equipment | 153 | ||
9.2.3 Method | 155 | ||
9.2.4 Initial results | 156 | ||
9.2.5 Conclusions | 159 | ||
9.3 Videos | 160 | ||
10. Suggestions for CCTV monitoring subjects | 162 | ||
10.1 Birds | 162 | ||
10.1.1 Nest box birds | 162 | ||
10.1.2 Ground nesting birds | 163 | ||
10.1.3 Tree nesting birds | 164 | ||
10.2 Reptiles | 165 | ||
10.2.1 Adders | 166 | ||
10.2.2 Grass snakes | 166 | ||
10.3 Insects | 167 | ||
10.4 Aquatic mammals | 168 | ||
11. Comparison of portable CCTV with trail cameras | 169 | ||
11.1 Introduction | 169 | ||
11.1.1 What are trail cameras? | 169 | ||
11.1.2 What do they look like? | 169 | ||
11.2 Trail camera details | 170 | ||
11.2.1 Structure | 170 | ||
11.2.2 Usage | 172 | ||
11.2.3 Setting up | 175 | ||
11.2.4 Working with images | 177 | ||
11.3 Summary | 178 | ||
12. Comparison of CCTV with remote triggered DSLR | 179 | ||
12.1 Introduction | 179 | ||
12.1.1 What are triggered cameras? | 180 | ||
12.1.2 What do they look like? | 180 | ||
12.1.3 Examples of use | 181 | ||
12.2 Triggered camera system details | 181 | ||
12.2.1 Structure | 181 | ||
12.2.2 Usage | 182 | ||
12.2.3 Triggering method | 183 | ||
12.2.4 Uses of triggered cameras | 184 | ||
12.3 Summary | 187 | ||
Appendix | 188 | ||
References | 192 | ||
Index | 194 |