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The Eurasian Beaver

The Eurasian Beaver

Roisin Campbell-Palmer | Derek Gow | Robert Needham | Simon Jones | Frank Rosell

(2015)

Abstract

The Eurasian beaver was near extinction at the start of the twentieth century, hunted across Europe for its fur, meat and castoreum. But now the beaver is on the brink of a comeback, with wild beaver populations, licensed and unlicensed, emerging all over Britain.

As a keystone species, the beaver plays a vital role in the creation of sustainable wetland habitats through its damming activities, providing living opportunities for a broad spectrum of wildlife. Yet as proposals for reintroducing beavers are underway, re-establishing the beaver in Britain is still a controversial issue.

This book presents a case for our future coexistence with beavers by providing factual information on this species that has now passed from national memory, covering the biology, behaviour and ecology of the Eurasian beaver in a British context, from their early history in archaeology and folklore to their contemporary field signs in the wild. This book familiarises readers once again, after almost 400 years of its absence, with the Eurasian beaver, providing essential information on its requirements in our human dominated landscape.

This book is for those with a specific interest in beavers and their reintroduction, and for anyone with a general curiosity in natural history, ecology or animal behaviour. It can be used as a field guide to identify beaver field signs and observe beavers in the wild by wildlife surveyors or general land users, or as an introductory guide for anyone with an interest in beavers and how to recognise them.

The authors have been actively involved in the study of beaver ecology, behaviour and reintroduction for many years. They have a first-hand knowledge of beavers in captivity and in the wild in both Britain and a range of other European countries.


Róisín Campbell-Palmer is Conservation Projects Manager for the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, where she has worked for 12 years. She is Field Operations Manager for the Scottish Beaver Trial and is currently undertaking her PhD in beaver health and welfare.

Derek Gow is a freelance ecologist who has worked with beavers and water voles in Britain for over 20 years. He has advised Natural England and Countryside Council for Wales on beaver reintroduction.

Robert Needham has a BSc in Wildlife Management and an MSc in Ecology. He is currently undertaking a PhD on the relationship between beaver dams and the movement of fish. He has worked on the Scottish Beaver Trial for the past three and a half years.

Simon Jones is Director of Conservation at the Scottish Wildlife Trust. He was previously the Project Manager for the Scottish Beaver Trial and has worked in wildlife conservation and reserve management for over 20 years.

Frank Rosell is a renowned beaver ecologist, publishing more than 80 scientific papers with peer review. He is professor in behaviour ecology at Telemark University College, Norway, and was part of the advisory board of the Scottish Beaver Trial.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents 3
About the authors 4
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Beaver folklore and history in Britain 1
Chapter 2 Beaver Biologyand Behaviours 5
Taxonomy 5
Identification 5
Adaptations for a semi-aquatic lifestyle 7
Adaptations for a life on land 8
Breeding 9
Social behaviours 10
Defensive behaviours 12
Chemical communication and scent marking behaviours 13
Food processing and foraging behaviour 14
Chapter 3 Habitat and Population Biology 19
Life history 19
Movements, activity and territoriality 19
Habitat 22
Chapter 4 Beaver Field Signs 23
Teeth marks 23
Felled and gnawed trees 23
Grazed lawns/vascular plants 24
Feeding stations 25
Foraging trails 26
Lodges and burrows 26
Dams 30
Canals 32
Scent mounds 34
Faeces 34
Tracks/prints 35
Chapter 5 Observing Beavers 36
Remote camera trapping 38
Chapter 6 Beavers in Modern Landscapes 40
Beavers and the law 40
Beavers as ecosystem engineers 40
The return of the beaver 42
Acknowledgements 45
Appendix 1 46
Wild plants commonly eaten by beavers 46
Appendix 2 48
Beaver field signs, features and possible confusions 48
Appendix 3 50
Ethogram of common beaver behaviours 50
Appendix 4 52
Useful information sources 52
References 53
About Pelagic Publishing 56