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Al-Qaeda and Sacrifice

Al-Qaeda and Sacrifice

Melissa Finn

(2012)

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Book Details

Abstract

This is a pioneering critical intervention into the study of terrorism, language and political thought. Challenging the commonly held idea that ‘suicide-bombings’ are motivated by a nihilistic hatred of life, this book argues that it is more helpful to examine such violent agency through the concept of ‘sacrifice’.

Through a unique look at the way ‘sacrifice’ is used in the Arabic language, this book offers penetrating insights into jihadi thought. How does it compare to western political theorists such as Machiavelli and von Clausewitz, Hannah Arendt, Julia Kristeva and Judith Butler?

Concluding that the heedless certainty of such violence undermines attempts to redress political grievances, Al-Qaeda and Sacrifice goes beyond simplistic or apologetic explanations of terrorism and allows the authentic jihadi voice to speak for itself.
'Excellent. An intelligent, nuanced and innovative analysis of a key phenomenon of our times. Melissa Finn takes the scholarly debate on transnational terrorism into the next phase by critically unpacking Al-Qaeda's thought, phraseology, and logic of political violence'
Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and Geneva Centre for Security Policy, author of Understanding Al-Qaeda: Changing War and Global Politics
'A fresh perspective on the motivations behind al-Qaeda's suicide operations'
Christina Hellmich, University of Reading, author of Al-Qaeda: From Global Network to Local Franchise
'Groundbreaking... sheds new light on al-Qaeda's thought and actions'
Rohan Gunaratna, Professor of Security Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, author of Inside al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (Columbia University Press)
'Delving deeply into Islamic conceptions of sacrifice, Finn sheds light on how the martyrdom frame can be employed to give meaning to self-immolation. Finn is careful to give voice to the Jihadi other without slipping into apologia or essentialism. In doing so, she exhibits a rare mastery of the subject'
Dr. Mohammed M. Hafez, Associate Professor, Center on Contemporary Conflict, Naval Postgraduate School, author of Suicide Bombers in Iraq (2007), Manufacturing Human Bombs (2006) and Why Muslims Rebel (2003).
'Fills a large void in the literature and shows the promise of offering practical solutions to one of humanity's major challenges at this time. It will find a wide audience including academics, policy makers, and broadly all those interested in a better understanding of terrorism'
Wanda Krause, Assistant Professor and Coordinator, Gulf Studies Program, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University
'A sophisticated comparative analysis of Jihadi and Western notions of militant sacrifice, the book offers important insights into the mindsets and practices of bombers'
Alex Houen, University of Cambridge, author of Terrorism and Modern Literature: From Joseph Conrad to Cieran Carson
'Brilliant, precise, nuanced and very timely'
Shannon Bell, Department of Political Science, York University (Toronto)
'It is rare for terrorism research to engage directly with the voice of the terrorist. Finn joins the small but notable list of scholars willing to take terrorist subjectivity seriously. In a courageous, eloquent but always robust analysis of the notion of sacrifice in jihadist thought, she lays bare the inner world of al-Qaeda'
Richard Jackson, National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, and co-author of Terrorism: A Critical Introduction
'A fascinating and alternative insight into the universe of al-Qaeda and its importance in understanding twenty-first-century global politics'
Professor Beverley Milton-Edwards, School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy Queens University of Belfast

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents vii
Preface and Acknowledgements ix
Foreword xiii
1. Introduction 1
Premise and Approach of Book 10
Ideology, Network or Franchise: What is Al-Qaeda? 17
Breakdown of Chapters 20
2. From the Vantage Point of Sacrificial Violence: al-Qaeda's Worldview in Context 22
Sacrifice in the Western and Islamist Traditions: A Comparison 22
Grappling with al-Qaeda 30
Putting al-Qaeda in Context 36
3. The Meanings of Sacrifice in Islam 52
Etymological Reflections on Sacrifice 52
Tadhiya 54
Fida' 57
Qurban 59
Dhabh 60
Ishtishhad/Shahadah 62
Futuwwah 64
Irhab 65
The Islamic Understanding of Sacrifice 68
Fee Sabil'illah: Condition of Martyrdom 74
Tradition of Jihad 76
Islamic Political Theory: The Promise of Politics and Obligations of Political Agency 83
Trivariate Ethical Paradigm 84
Just War Tradition in Islam 89
Conclusion 91
4. Comparative Political Thought on War and Sacrifices, and Politics 93
Introduction 93
Al-Qaeda's Political Vision 96
Understanding Sacrificial Subjectivity 101
Jihadi Sacrifice in Light of Western Thought 105
Investigating the Parameters of Sacrificial Subjectivity 109
Intentionality of the Sacrifice 112
Duty of Sacrifice 114
Redemption, Retribution: An Eye for an Eye (Life for Life) 118
The Objects of Sacrifice: The Expendability of Victims 123
Sacrifice for God Alone 132
Martyrdom Operations as Sacrilisation, Desacrilisation and Collective Expiation 136
Principles of Sacrificial Subjectivity for War 138
The Sacrificial Subject and the Imperative of Hatred 140
The Sacrifice of Religion Through Co-Existence and Dialogue 143
Eliminating the Enemy 144
Sacrificial Subjectivity for Politics, or the Management of Savagery for Political Ends 146
Conclusion 151
5. The Limits of Sacrificial Subjectivity for Politics 153
Introduction 153
Heedless Certainty 154
Rejection of Democracy 160
Autoimmunity Destroys Plurality 163
6. Conclusion: Sacrificial Subjectivity for Acephalic Politics 168
Notes 180
Bibliography 213
Index 226