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The State of Islam

The State of Islam

Saadia Toor

(2011)

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Abstract

This book tells the story of Pakistan through the lens of the Cold War, and more recently the War on Terror, to shed light on the domestic and international processes behind the global rise of militant Islam.

Unlike existing scholarship on nationalism, Islam and the state in Pakistan, which tends to privilege events in a narrowly defined ‘political’ realm, Saadia Toor highlights the significance of cultural politics in Pakistan from its origins to the contemporary period. This extra dimension allows Toor to explain how the struggle between Marxists and liberal nationalists was influenced and eventually engulfed by the agenda of the religious right.
'A deeply informed study of Pakistan's unfinished journey, marked by the historical suppression of its vibrant Left. Read it, argue over it, and be part of the journey to renew Pakistan'
Vijay Prashad, author of the The Darker Nations, and co-editor of Dispatches from Pakistan
'Reveals a country that is nothing like the hotbed of Islamic extremism and military dictatorship we read about constantly.This book is a powerful antidote to reactionary stereotypes of Pakistan that dominate academic research and popular media'
David Ludden, Professor of History, New York University, author of India and South Asia: A Short History

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents vii
Acknowledgments ix
1. Introduction 1
Indian Muslims and the Politics of Representation 7
Muslim Nationalism in the Political Arena 10
A \"Maimed, Mutilated and Moth-Eaten Pakistan 13
Communism and Muslim Nationalism 15
2. Consolidating the Nation-State: East Bengal and the Politics of National Culture 18
The Contradictions of Independence 19
The Trouble with East Bengal 25
Muslim\" Urdu Versus \"Hindu\" Bangla 26
The State of the Muslim League 31
Producing the Law-and-Order Society 39
One Unit\" and the Politics of Parity 45
3. Post-Partition Literary Politics: The Progressives versus the Nationalists 52
The Progressive Writers Association 53
The New \"National Question 55
The Progressives Throw Down the Gauntlet 58
The Discourse of Loyalty 63
Literature, Partition and \"Nation-Building 70
The Iron Hand in the Velvet Glove 75
4. Ayub Khan's Decade of Development and its Cultural Vicissitudes 80
The Rise of the \"Establishment Writer 86
Cold War Literary Trends 89
Managing Islam 93
The Anti-Ayub Movement 96
Anti-Communist Propaganda and the Attack on \"Islamic Socialism 99
The Nation of Islam 106
The Problematics of Pakistani Culture 110
5. From Bhutto's Authoritarian Populism to Zia's Military Theocracy 117
Cozying Up to the Gulf States 121
Culture and Ideology Under Bhutto 122
A Right-Wing Movement and a Coup 123
Pakistan Ka Matlab Kya? Phaansi, Kore, General Zia! 125
Restoring the Status Quo Ante 130
The Nizam-I Mustafa 131
Challenges to the Regime 137
Culture and Ideology Under Zia 149
Islam and the Military 153
6. The Long Shadow of Zia: Women, Minorities and the Nation-State 159
Women and/as Property 162
Erasing the non-Muslim \"Other 178
Epilogue: The Neoliberal Security State 185
Jithe Vekho Faujañ Ee Faujañ 187
The State of Progressive Politics 192
Notes 203
References 234
Index 245