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Understanding the Somalia Conflagration

Understanding the Somalia Conflagration

Afyare Abdi Elmi

(2010)

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Book Details

Abstract

Is peace-building in Somalia possible? Devastated by a US-backed Ethiopian invasion and years of civil war, Somalia has long been without a central government, against this background of violence and instability, Somali academic Afyare Abdi Elmi, explains the multiple dimensions of the conflict, seeking a peace-building consensus.

Somalia is a failed state and a Muslim state, a combination the West assumes means it's a breeding ground for extremism. Coupled with the country's reputation as a piracy hotspot, this combination of internal division and outside interference makes for an intensely hostile landscape. Elmi shows that only by addressing the problem of the statelessness in the country can the long process of peace begin. He highlights clan identities, Islam and other countries in the region as the key elements in any peace-building effort; setting out a path for the international community to follow.
'To the best of my knowledge provides unequalled documentation on the actors in the drama of Somalia'
Samir Amin
'In this excellent, well-researched work, Elmi gets right to the heart of what makes Somalia a failed state and what are the prerequisites for sustainable peace building to take root in that unfortunate war-torn country. This is a must-read for anyone concerned about the plight of the Horn of Africa and the fate of Somalia'
W. Andy Knight, Chair and Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Alberta
'Elmi's contribution is most effective when it examines the Islamic awakening and historicising Islam. ... [the book] provides useful understanding of an important area'
CHOICE
'A timely, topically urgent and well-written book that adds much to the literature on Somali studies'
Ali A. Abdi, University of Alberta

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents vii
Acknowledgements x
Preface xii
Note on Methods xviii
1. Introduction: Conflict and Peace in Somalia 1
THE SOMALI CONFLICT: WHY WE SHOULD CARE 2
MAJOR ARGUMENTS 3
STATELESSNESS, PIRACY AND PEACEBUILDING 5
THE SOMALI CONFLICT 7
CHALLENGES TO ENDING THE SOMALI CIVIL WAR 11
ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 14
CONCLUSION 15
2. Understanding the Sources of Somali Conflict 16
SOMALIA: BRIEF BACKGROUND 16
COMPETITION FOR RESOURCES AND POWER 18
COLONIAL LEGACY AND MILITARY REPRESSION 19
THE PEACE CONFERENCES: WHY DID THEY FAIL? 21
THE MBAGATHI CONFERENCE AND TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 23
CONCLUSION 26
3. Clan Identity and Implications for Peacebuilding in Somalia 28
THE NATURE OF CLAN IDENTITY 29
FUNCTIONS OF CLAN IDENTITY 32
CLAN IDENTITY AND THE SOMALI CIVIL WAR 34
IMPACT OF CLAN IDENTITY ON PEACEBUILDING 36
ANALYSIS AND OPTIONS FOR ADDRESSING CLAN IDENTITY IN SOMALIA 38
CONCLUSION 47
4. Making Sense of Islam and Islamic Awakening in Somalia 48
ISLAM AND ITS ROLE IN SOMALIA 49
ISLAMIC AWAKENING: WHAT IS IT AND WHY IS IT POPULAR? 51
EVOLUTION OF ISLAMIC AWAKENING IN SOMALIA 55
ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS AND THEIR METHODS OF SOCIAL CHANGE 58
ISLAMIC COURT S IN SOMALIA: A VEHICLE FOR SOCIAL CHANGE 63
THE ISLAMIC AWAKENING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PEACEBUILDING IN SOMALIA 66
THE FUTURE OF THE ISLAMIC AWAKENING OR ‘ISLAMISM’ IN SOMALIA 70
CONCLUSION 72
5. Understanding the US Policy toward Somalia 73
CONTEXT 73
WAR ON TERROR : DEFINITIONS, PRINCIPLES AND GOALS 76
POLITICS OF ADDING AL-ITTIHAD AND AL-SHABAB TO THE TERRORIST LIST 77
US SUPPORT FOR SOMALI WARLORDS AND THE ETHIOPIAN OCCUPATION 81
THE US ROLE IN DEPOSING THE UNION OF ISLAMIC COURTS 82
SOMALI PERCEPTIONS OF THE US ROLE 86
THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND SOMALIA: IS THERE ANY CHANGE OF POLICY? 88
CONCLUSION 89
6. The Role of Regional Countries and Organizations in the Somali Conflict 90
ETHIOPIA: HISTORIC ENEMY AND HOSTILE NEIGHBOUR OF SOMALIA 91
ETHIOPIA AND POST-STATE COLLAPSE IN SOMALIA 93
KENYA: FACILITATOR AND BENEFICIARY OF THE CONFLICT 97
DJIBOUTI: PEACE PROMOTER IN SOMALIA 98
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: INSTRUMENTS USED BY ETHIOPIA AND KENYA TO PERPETUATE SOMALIA’S CONFLICT 100
ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PEACEBUILDING IN SOMALIA 102
CONCLUSION 106
7. Peacebuilding Education: Contested Resource and Vehicle for Social Transformation 108
EDUCATION IN SOMALIA: BACKGROUND 109
ROLE OF EDUCATION IN THE SOMALIA CONFLICT 110
POLITICS OF RECONSTRUCTION 112
EDUCATION AND IDENTITY 115
CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SOMALIA 117
PEACE EDUCATION IN SOMALIA 119
PEACEBUILDING EDUCATION IN SOMALIA 120
CHALLENGES OF USING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE: ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS 124
CONCLUSION 126
8. Role for the International Community: Options and Implications 128
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND ITS ROLEIN PEACEBUILDING 128
SOMALIA UNDER A UN TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM 132
UNITED NATIONS TRANSITIONAL ADMINISTRATION 134
SUPPORTING HOME-GROWN SOLUTIONS 137
9. Conclusion: A Way Forward 140
FURTHER RESEARCH 142
RECOMMENDATIONS 143
Notes 145
Selected Bibliography 166
Index 185