BOOK
Edexcel GCE Geography AS Level Student Book
Lindsay Frost | Viv Pointon | Lauren Lewis | Paul Wraight | Daniel Mace
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Exam Board: Edexcel
Level: AS/A level
Subject: Geography
First teaching: September 2016
This Student Book and ActiveBook (ebook):
- covers the essential content in the new AS specification and first year of A level with up-to-date diagrams, facts, maps and case studies of geographical events, processes and issues at work to bring the subject to life.
- builds key skills for success with activities devised by experts to help you develop key geographical, literacy, mathematical and statistical skills in context.
- includes modelled fieldwork investigations and activities to support the development of enquiry skills for fieldwork studies in the specification.
- gives plenty of opportunities to track progress. Alongside activities throughout each topic, there are learning checkpoints, extension materials and end-of-unit tests to consolidate learning and deepen understanding.
- supports you to think synoptically by signposting links between geographical themes, ideas and concepts, as well as offering wider reader suggestions to help you take your study that step further.
- helps you get exam-ready, with plenty of practice questions, annotated sample answers, and exam tips from the experts. The ActiveBook edition will also help you personalise your revision.
* These resources have not yet been endorsed. This information is correct as of 1st March 2016, but may be subject to change. You do not have to purchase any resources to deliver our qualification.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Front Cover | ||
| Contents | 3 | ||
| How to use this book | 4 | ||
| Assessment outline for AS and A Level | 6 | ||
| Fieldwork investigations | 8 | ||
| Synopticity | 16 | ||
| Topic 1: Tectonics | 18 | ||
| Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards? | 20 | ||
| Distribution and causes of tectonic hazards | 20 | ||
| Intra-plate processes | 21 | ||
| Processes moving the tectonic plates | 22 | ||
| Plate boundaries | 24 | ||
| Plate tectonic theory | 27 | ||
| Physical tectonic processes | 27 | ||
| Earthquakes and earthquake waves | 27 | ||
| Secondary hazards | 30 | ||
| Volcanic processes | 33 | ||
| Why do some tectonic hazardsdevelop into disasters? | 38 | ||
| Hazards, vulnerability, resilience and disasters | 38 | ||
| Defining risk, hazard and disaster | 38 | ||
| Magnitude and intensity scales | 39 | ||
| Tectonic hazard profi ling | 41 | ||
| Pressure and Release model and hazard risk equation | 41 | ||
| Socio-economic impacts | 44 | ||
| Influence of development and governance | 44 | ||
| Impacts in different types of country | 44 | ||
| Inequalities, vulnerability and resilience | 46 | ||
| Contrasting scales of tectonic hazard | 48 | ||
| How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters? | 51 | ||
| Tectonic disaster trends and patterns | 51 | ||
| Disaster trends and context | 51 | ||
| Significance of disasters | 52 | ||
| Multiple-hazard zones | 55 | ||
| Tectonic hazard management frameworks | 57 | ||
| Responses to hazards | 57 | ||
| Stages of hazard management | 57 | ||
| Mitigation and adaption strategies | 58 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 63 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 64 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 65 | ||
| Thinking Synoptically: Melting Ice | 66 | ||
| Topic 2: Glaciated Landscapes and Change | 68 | ||
| How has climate change influenced the formation of glaciated landscapes? | 70 | ||
| From icehouse to greenhouse: climate changes | 70 | ||
| The long-term causes of climate change | 71 | ||
| The short-term causes of climate change | 72 | ||
| Ice cover in the Pleistocene epoch | 73 | ||
| Classifying ice masses by scale | 75 | ||
| Classifying ice masses by location | 76 | ||
| Periglacial processes, landforms and landscapes | 76 | ||
| The distribution and types of permafrost | 77 | ||
| What processes operate within glacier systems? | 80 | ||
| Glaciers as systems | 80 | ||
| Glacier mass balance | 81 | ||
| Positive and negative feedback | 82 | ||
| Glacier movement | 82 | ||
| Factors controlling the rate of glacier movement | 83 | ||
| Glacier landforms and landscapes | 84 | ||
| How do glacial processes contribute to the formation of glacial landforms and landscapes? | 86 | ||
| Glacial erosion landforms and landscapes | 86 | ||
| Processes of glacial erosion | 86 | ||
| Landforms of glacial erosion | 87 | ||
| Glacial deposition landforms and landscapes | 91 | ||
| Reconstructing past glaciation using relict glacial landscapes | 93 | ||
| Glacial meltwater landforms and landscapes | 95 | ||
| Glacial sediment size and shape | 97 | ||
| How are glaciated landscapes used and managed today? | 100 | ||
| The value of glacial and periglacial landscapes | 100 | ||
| Threats to glaciated upland landscapes | 100 | ||
| Managing threats to glaciated landscapes | 105 | ||
| Management approaches | 106 | ||
| Management challenges posed by climate change | 109 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 113 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 114 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 115 | ||
| Topic 3: Coastal Landscapes and Change | 116 | ||
| Why are coastal landscapes different, and what processes cause these differences? | 118 | ||
| Coastal features and landscapes | 118 | ||
| The littoral zone | 118 | ||
| Classification of coasts | 119 | ||
| High-energy and low-energy coasts | 120 | ||
| Geological structure at different scales | 120 | ||
| Concordant and discordant coasts | 120 | ||
| Coastal morphology | 120 | ||
| Factors affecting coastal recession | 122 | ||
| Lithology | 122 | ||
| Differential erosion | 123 | ||
| The role of vegetation at the coast | 124 | ||
| How do characteristic coastal landforms contribute to coastal landscapes? | 126 | ||
| Marine erosion | 126 | ||
| Waves characteristics | 126 | ||
| Wave erosion processes | 128 | ||
| Landforms of coastal erosion | 128 | ||
| Marine transport and deposition | 130 | ||
| Longshore drift | 130 | ||
| Landforms of coastal transport and deposition | 130 | ||
| The sediment cell concept | 135 | ||
| Subaerial processes and coastal landforms | 138 | ||
| Weathering processes at the coast | 138 | ||
| Mass movement at the coast | 138 | ||
| Landforms of coastal mass movement | 139 | ||
| How do coastal erosion and sea-level change alter the physical characteristics of coastlines and increase risks? | 140 | ||
| Sea-level change | 140 | ||
| Eustatic, isostatic and tectonic change | 140 | ||
| Emergent coastlines | 142 | ||
| Submergent coastlines | 142 | ||
| Climate change and sea-level rise | 143 | ||
| Coastal retreat | 144 | ||
| Physical and human causes of coastal erosion | 144 | ||
| Subaerial processes and coastal retreat | 146 | ||
| Factors affecting rates of recession | 146 | ||
| Local and global influences on coastal flooding | 147 | ||
| Storm surges | 147 | ||
| Climate change and coastal flooding | 150 | ||
| How can coastlines be managed to meet the needs of all players? | 152 | ||
| Erosion and flood risk for coastal communities | 152 | ||
| Economic and social costs | 152 | ||
| Consequences in developing and developed countries | 153 | ||
| Climate change and environmental refugees | 155 | ||
| Managing the risks of erosion and flooding | 156 | ||
| Hard engineering | 156 | ||
| Soft engineering | 158 | ||
| Sustainable management | 159 | ||
| Holistic coastal management strategies | 160 | ||
| Integrated coastal zone management | 160 | ||
| Shoreline management policies | 161 | ||
| Environmental impact assessment | 162 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 166 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 168 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 169 | ||
| Thinking Synoptically: Chinese Coastal Flooding | 170 | ||
| Topic 4: Globalisation | 172 | ||
| What are the causes of globalisation and its accelerating pace? | 174 | ||
| Transport, communications and business | 174 | ||
| The shrinking world: developments in transport and trade | 175 | ||
| Developments in ICT and mobile communication | 176 | ||
| Political and economic decision making | 178 | ||
| International political and economic organisations | 178 | ||
| Foreign direct investment (FDI) | 179 | ||
| Privatisation and market liberalisation | 180 | ||
| Trade blocs | 180 | ||
| Special economic zones and government subsidies | 181 | ||
| The unequal impacts of globalisation | 182 | ||
| Indices and indicators for measuring globalisation | 183 | ||
| The role of TNCs in globalisation | 184 | ||
| Regions isolated from globalisation | 186 | ||
| What are the impacts of globalisation for countries, people and cultures, and the physical environment? | 188 | ||
| The global economic shift | 188 | ||
| The global economic shift to Asia | 188 | ||
| Winners and losers in a globalising world | 189 | ||
| Environmental problems in developing countries | 191 | ||
| Problems of deindustrialisation in developed countries | 191 | ||
| Economic migration in an interconnected world | 192 | ||
| Social and environmental challenges in megacities | 192 | ||
| Increased international migration | 193 | ||
| The costs and benefits of migration | 194 | ||
| Global culture | 195 | ||
| The spread of ‘Westernised’ culture | 195 | ||
| New opportunities for disadvantaged groups | 196 | ||
| Cultural erosion | 197 | ||
| Cultural erosion and opposition to globalisation | 198 | ||
| Loss of ecosystems can increase opposition to globalisation | 199 | ||
| What are the consequences of globalisation for global development and the physical environment? | 200 | ||
| Measuring quality of life and inequality | 200 | ||
| Indicators of development | 201 | ||
| Measuring income inequality | 202 | ||
| Globalisation’s winners and losers | 204 | ||
| Trends in economic development | 205 | ||
| Globalisation and social and political tensions | 207 | ||
| Rapid social change and the rise of social tensions | 207 | ||
| Environmental tensions from globalisation | 209 | ||
| Attempts to control the spread of globalisation | 210 | ||
| Attitudes towards migration in the UK | 210 | ||
| Trade protectionism | 211 | ||
| Protecting cultural identity | 211 | ||
| Concerns about the consumer society | 212 | ||
| The rise of localism | 212 | ||
| Fair trade and ethical consumption | 214 | ||
| Resource recycling | 215 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 216 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 218 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 219 | ||
| Thinking Synoptically: Regeneration | 220 | ||
| Topic 5: Regenerating Places | 222 | ||
| How and why do places vary? | 224 | ||
| Economic activity and employment | 224 | ||
| Types of employment | 225 | ||
| Employment and social factors | 225 | ||
| Inequalities in pay levels | 226 | ||
| How places change over time | 226 | ||
| Why do places change? | 229 | ||
| How can we measure these changes? | 231 | ||
| How past and present connections shape places | 231 | ||
| Regional and national influences | 231 | ||
| International and global influences | 233 | ||
| Impacts on identity | 233 | ||
| Why might regeneration be needed? | 235 | ||
| What makes a region successful? | 235 | ||
| What makes a region decline? | 237 | ||
| Establishing priorities for regeneration | 240 | ||
| Lived experience and engagement | 242 | ||
| Variation in levels of engagement | 242 | ||
| Lived experience, deprivation and engagement | 243 | ||
| Conflicts about priorities for redevelopment | 244 | ||
| Evaluating the need for regeneration | 245 | ||
| Qualitative and quantitative data | 245 | ||
| Representation through media | 247 | ||
| How is regeneration managed? | 248 | ||
| The role of national government | 248 | ||
| Infrastructure investment | 248 | ||
| Planning decisions | 249 | ||
| International deregulation | 250 | ||
| Migration policy | 251 | ||
| Local government policies | 251 | ||
| Competing for investment: science parks | 252 | ||
| Local decision-making | 252 | ||
| Contemporary regeneration strategies | 254 | ||
| Rebranding strategies | 256 | ||
| Urban rebranding and place identity | 257 | ||
| Rural rebranding strategies | 258 | ||
| How successful is regeneration? | 260 | ||
| Measuring the success of regeneration | 260 | ||
| Measures of success | 260 | ||
| Judging the success of urban regeneration projects | 261 | ||
| Evaluating rural regeneration | 263 | ||
| The Causeway Coast, Northern Ireland | 263 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 269 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 270 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 271 | ||
| Topic 6: Diverse Places | 272 | ||
| How do population structures vary? | 274 | ||
| Population structures | 274 | ||
| Population density patterns and processes | 274 | ||
| Population dynamics | 274 | ||
| Population characteristics | 279 | ||
| Diversity, connections and infl uences | 279 | ||
| Causes of change in UK rural areas | 281 | ||
| Causes of change in UK urban areas | 282 | ||
| How do diff ere1nt people view diverse living spaces? | 287 | ||
| Evaluating living spaces | 287 | ||
| Factors affecting perception | 287 | ||
| Perceptions of urban places | 289 | ||
| Perceptions of rural places | 295 | ||
| Why are there demographic and cultural tensions in diverse places? | 298 | ||
| Diversity in UK culture and society | 298 | ||
| Internal migration flows | 298 | ||
| Segregation | 300 | ||
| Tension and conflict | 300 | ||
| International migration flows | 300 | ||
| How successfully are cultural and demographic issues managed? | 305 | ||
| Measuring management | 305 | ||
| Criteria for assessing management | 305 | ||
| Managing change in urban communities | 306 | ||
| Progress in urban living spaces since 2011 | 307 | ||
| Managing change in rural communities | 312 | ||
| Progress in rural living spaces | 313 | ||
| Assessing the success of managing change | 316 | ||
| Summary: Knowledge check | 319 | ||
| Preparing for your AS level exams | 320 | ||
| Preparing for your A level exams | 321 | ||
| Appendix: Maths and statistics answers | 323 | ||
| Glossary | 328 | ||
| Index | 339 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 343 | ||
| Back Cover | Back Cover |