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An Alliance Against Babylon

An Alliance Against Babylon

John K. Cooley

(2005)

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Abstract

The ruins of ancient Babylon still stand in Iraq. They are a reminder that today's conflict is only one of many that have engulfed the country, and the wider Middle East, over the centuries.

John Cooley, a former correspondent for ABC News and the Christian Science Monitor, argues that America's new invasion and occupation of Iraq marks a turning point in the West's relationship with the Arab world, and alters the balance of power within the Middle East. He argues that the crucial factor in this new development is the relationship between Israel and the United States. Examining today's problems from this unique perspective, Cooley covers a broad sweep of history, from biblical Babylonian times until now. He shows how US and Israeli interests in the Middle East were contradictory at first. He explains how and why the US-Israel alliance gradually evolved.

Drawing from unpublished sources, as well as from John Cooley's personal encounters with principal players such as David ben-Gurion, the Shah of Iran, Anwar al-Sadat, King Hussein of Jordan and Saddam Hussein himself, this book gives a uniquely valuable perspective on the complex history of Iraq and why it continues to be at the heart of world affairs.
'A major contribution to scholarship'
Ray Close
'Uncovers the truth about the west's creation of the extreme forces that attacked the US on 9/11. Much needed and brilliant'
John Pilger
'The Iraq war is unintelligible without the history John Cooley's brave new book provides'
Brady Kiesling

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents vii
Foreword xi
Introduction 1
1. The Babylonian Heritage 7
ANCESTRAL MEMORIES 8
CAPTIVES OF BABYLON 9
BABYLON REBUILT? 11
THE MOTHER OF ALL HARLOTS 13
THE JEWISH EXILES 14
A SHRINE RESTORED 16
“SEEK THE PEACE OF THE CITY” 17
OTTOMAN POWER DECLINES 18
2. The Ottoman Empire Divided 23
ANTECEDENTS OF WAR 25
BRITAIN CAPTURES BAGHDAD 27
BETRAYAL IN THE LEVANT 29
ENTER THE U.S. 30
THE HASHEMITES ARRIVE 32
DIVIDING THE OILY SPOILS 34
WILSON OPENS DOORS 35
PALESTINE TO CENTER STAGE 37
3. “Operation Ezra and Nehemiah”: 40
A GUIDED TOUR 40
JEWISH SURVIVORS 43
INDEPENDENCE ... SORT OF 46
VIOLENCE AND RESCUE 47
WHEELING, DEALING, AND MISHAPS 49
“ARAB” JEWS WHO MADE IT 52
WHOSE TERRORISM? 54
4. Iraq Enters the Palestine Arena 59
THE ROOTS OF ISRAELI INTELLIGENCE 60
RESISTING THE BRITISH 62
THE ARABS PREPARE FOR WAR 63
IRAQ FIGHTS THE NEW ISRAELI STATE 66
STALEMATE AND ISRAELI VICTORY 68
ARMISTICE AGREEMENTS—MINUS IRAQ 71
BEN-GURION SPEAKS 74
5. Ménage à Quatre: The U.S., Israel, Iran, and the Iraqi Kurds 76
THE KURDS’ FADED DREAMS 77
THE KURDS’ NEW FRIENDS: THE STATE OF 79
KASSEM CONTRA KURDS 81
THE ISRAELI–KURDISH HONEYMOON 83
UNCLE SAM’S ROLE 85
THE NIXON–KISSINGER–SHAH AXIS 86
THE OIL EQUATION 88
IRAQ AND THE KURDS IN THE COLD WAR 89
6. How the CIA Gave Saddam a Leg Up 93
KASSEM, NASSER, AND SADDAM 94
JAMES CRITCHFIELD: COLD WARRIOR PAR 96
THE FIRST BA’ATHIST COUP 98
ANGLO-AMERICAN COOPERATION 99
SADDAM’S SWAY BEGINS 101
IRAQ’S STRATEGIC THREAT TO ISRAEL 104
IRAQ IN THE 1967 WAR 106
7. Saddam’s Reign (I): Business With the U.S.; warfare with Israel 110
U.S. BUSINESS AND SADDAM’S TRIUMPH 110
THE JULY BA’ATHIST TAKEOVER 112
PROGRAMS AND POWER STRUGGLES 114
ISRAEL’S COVERT WAR ON SADDAM 116
THE MIG-21 CAPER 119
SADDAM’S REAL AND IMAGINED FOES 122
SADDAM AND THE PALESTINIANS 123
BLACK SEPTEMBER IN JORDAN 125
SYRIA REPULSED; IRAQ WITHDRAWS 128
8. Saddam’s Reign (II): Power Plays and war, 1970-80 133
THE REASSURANCE OF U.S. AID 134
SADAT PLANS FOR WAR 135
ISRAEL’S “CONCEPT” 136
U.S. COMPLACENCY AND THE “OIL WEAPON” 138
ISRAELI INTELLIGENCE FAILURE 140
IRAQ TO THE RESCUE OF SYRIA 142
SADDAM GETS A BREATHER 144
SADDAM CLAMPS DOWN—AND SEEKS TOTAL 145
THE DOWNFALL OF BAQR 147
A “CYNICAL EMBRACE” 151
SADDAM ATTACKS IRAN 152
9. Saddam’s Reign (III): Defeat and Defiance, 1980-90 154
ISRAEL, IRANGATE, AND THE IRAN–IRAQ WAR 155
THE OSIRAK CAPER 159
RETRIBUTION FOR INMAN 162
TILTING TOWARD SADDAM 163
REAGAN, RUMSFELD, AND SADDAM 166
ISRAEL’S OIL CONCERNS 166
WESTERN ARMS FOR IRAQ 168
SADDAM’S LARGESS FOR PALESTINIANS 171
GOOD COP, BAD COP 172
10. From Jerusalem to Washington: an alliance strengthened and confirmed 175
MISSILES, “SUPERGUNS,” AND PROFITS 176
SADDAM BREWS THE KUWAIT CRISIS 178
ISRAEL AND “DESERT STORM” 180
TARGET: SADDAM HUSSEIN 185
KUWAIT FREED: SADDAM SPARED 185
CLINTON’S CONTAINMENT; THE CIA’S 188
AN ISRAELI PEACE WITH SADDAM? 189
MISADVENTURES OF THE UN ARMS 190
CLINTON: “OUST SADDAM” 192
U.S. POLICY SHIFTS 196
THE “NEOCONS” AT WORK 197
11. Endgame: Iraq Democratized or Dismembered? 201
“GET SADDAM” 202
THE PALESTINIAN DISCONNECTION 203
THE CABAL IN ACTION 205
MECHANICS OF AN ALLIANCE 206
ISRAELI INTELLIGENCE INPUT 207
A (MILITARILY) WELL-PLANNED CAMPAIGN 210
THE UNPLANNED OCCUPATION 212
INTELLIGENCE FIASCOS 213
ISRAEL’S STEINITZ INQUIRY 216
SHARED WEAPONS, SHARED TRAINING 217
THE ABU GHRAIB NIGHTMARE 220
ISRAEL, TURKEY, AND THE IRAQI KURDS 224
NATION-BUILDING—OR DISSOLUTION? 225
AN ENDGAME BEGINS; AN ALLIANCE HOLDS 229
Notes 233
Selected Bibliography 242
Index 247