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Book Details
Abstract
The media served a highly partisan and propagandistic role in Nato’s Kosovo war, uncritically reproducing official spin in a way that was incompatible with their proclaimed democratic role as objective purveyors of information. Degraded Capability integrates a critical interpretation of Western policy toward the former Yugoslavia with analysis of media coverage of the Kosovo crisis and war.
The first part of the book deals with the war itself and the build-up to it, placing this in the context of earlier Western intervention in Yugoslavia. Part two discusses key issues raised by the media coverage, including the demonisation of the enemy, and the role of CNN. In the final section, contributors analyse how the war was reported in different countries around the world, including the United States, Britain, Germany, India, Greece, Russia, and France.
The book is an important corrective to the hysteria and misinformation that permeated media coverage. Subjects covered include the role of the internet, the changing media-military relationship, the depiction and definition of ‘war crimes,’ and how Yugoslav television was presented as a legitimate military target.
'This extraordinary volume provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of the media is advancing NATO's Kosovo war'
Robert W. McChesney, Associate Professor, Institute of Communications Research, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Introduction | 1 | ||
| Part I: The West's Destruction of Yugoslavia | 1 | ||
| Part II: Seeing the Enemy | 2 | ||
| Part III: Reporting the War around the World | 3 | ||
| The Manichean Struggle | 4 | ||
| Part I. The West's Destruction of Yugoslavia | 5 | ||
| 1. Nato and the New World Order: Ideals and Self- Interest | 7 | ||
| The Problem and the Solution | 7 | ||
| Happy Birthday Dear Nato | 8 | ||
| Changing the Rules | 9 | ||
| Ideals and Self- Interest | 11 | ||
| The Free Marketplace of Ideas | 13 | ||
| The New Crusade | 14 | ||
| The Fruits of Humanitarian War | 16 | ||
| Notes | 17 | ||
| 2. Western Intervention and the Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1989-1999 | 19 | ||
| Introduction | 19 | ||
| 1989-1991: The End of Federal Yugoslavia | 20 | ||
| 1992-1995: The Disintegration of Bosnia | 23 | ||
| 1996-1999: The Protectorate Solution | 27 | ||
| Conclusion: Disintegration and International Intervention | 29 | ||
| Notes | 30 | ||
| 3. War Crimes | 31 | ||
| The Experience So Far | 32 | ||
| Kosovo: The Political Tribunal | 34 | ||
| The Media and the ICTY | 36 | ||
| Conclusion | 38 | ||
| Notes | 38 | ||
| 4. The War and its Aftermath | 39 | ||
| Evaluation Against Aims | 40 | ||
| War Diplomacy | 44 | ||
| The End of the War | 45 | ||
| Nato and the National Question | 47 | ||
| Russia's Role and the UN | 48 | ||
| The New Post- War Political Conflicts in the Western Balkans | 50 | ||
| The Wider European Aftermath | 52 | ||
| Notes | 54 | ||
| Part II. Seeing the Enemy | 57 | ||
| 5. New Militarism and the Manufacture of Warfare | 59 | ||
| The Making of New Militarism | 59 | ||
| The New Militarist Adventures of the 1980s | 63 | ||
| The Contradictions of the New Militarism Post- 1991 | 66 | ||
| 6. Nazifying the Serbs, from Bosnia to Kosovo | 70 | ||
| Notes | 78 | ||
| 7. The Military and the Media | 79 | ||
| Learning from the Gulf War | 79 | ||
| Learning to Love the Enemy | 80 | ||
| Learning to Work with Friends | 83 | ||
| Learning from Kosovo | 84 | ||
| Conclusion | 86 | ||
| Notes | 87 | ||
| 8. Symbolic Warfare: Nato versus the Serbian Media | 88 | ||
| Notes | 93 | ||
| Part III. Reporting the War Around the World | 95 | ||
| 9. Following Washington's Script: The United States Media and Kosovo | 97 | ||
| Invisible Rebels | 99 | ||
| Diplomatic Rewriting | 100 | ||
| 'They Need Some Bombing' | 102 | ||
| Negotiation = Capitulation | 103 | ||
| 'Give War a Chance' | 105 | ||
| 'Accidents' Will Happen | 107 | ||
| Reliable Sources | 109 | ||
| Notes | 110 | ||
| 10. CNN: Selling Nato's War Globally | 111 | ||
| CNN's Institutional Constraints | 112 | ||
| The Nato-CNN Partnership | 113 | ||
| Sources tapped by CNN during the Kosovo war | 115 | ||
| CNN in the Kosovo War: Case Studies | 115 | ||
| Conclusions | 120 | ||
| Notes | 121 | ||
| 11. Third Way War: New Labour, the British Media and Kosovo | 123 | ||
| The Press | 124 | ||
| The Broadcasters | 125 | ||
| Refugees and Atrocities | 126 | ||
| Conclusion | 130 | ||
| Notes | 131 | ||
| 12. Censorship by Omission | 132 | ||
| ( From the Statesman, 19 April 1999) | 132 | ||
| ( From the Guardian, 18 May 1999) | 134 | ||
| ( From the New Statesman, 28 June 1999) | 136 | ||
| (From the Guardian ,19/20 May, and the New Statesman , 15 November 1999) | 138 | ||
| 13. The French Media and the Kosovo War | 141 | ||
| Mondialisation à la Monde | 141 | ||
| Europe Meets Yugoslavia | 142 | ||
| Bosnia and the Furia Francese | 143 | ||
| BHL, Superstar | 144 | ||
| Politically Correct, French- Style | 146 | ||
| A Soul for Europe | 149 | ||
| Notes | 152 | ||
| 14. From 'Never again War' to 'Never again Auschwitz': Dilemmas of German Media Policy in the War against Yugoslavia | 153 | ||
| Red-Green Acid Test | 154 | ||
| Paradigm Shift | 157 | ||
| Undermining Democracy | 159 | ||
| Conclusion | 162 | ||
| Notes | 162 | ||
| 15. 'Thank you God! Thank you Norway!' Norwegian Newspapers and the Kosovo War | 164 | ||
| Licensed to Bomb | 164 | ||
| Us and Them | 165 | ||
| Propaganda Techniques | 167 | ||
| 16. The Greek 'Participation' in Kosovo | 170 | ||
| Before the Bombing | 171 | ||
| During the Bombing | 172 | ||
| Notes | 175 | ||
| 17. Consensus and Conflict in the Russian Press | 177 | ||
| Russia in the New World Order | 178 | ||
| The Limits of 'Brotherhood' | 179 | ||
| The Propaganda War and the Russian Media | 181 | ||
| Conclusion | 184 | ||
| 18. India | 185 | ||
| How Representative is the English-Language Press? | 188 | ||
| The Nature of Indian Media Reports and Analyses | 189 | ||
| An Explanation of the Indian Media's Reaction | 194 | ||
| Notes | 199 | ||
| Conclusions: First Casualty and Beyond | 200 | ||
| Rewriting History | 201 | ||
| Misrepresenting the Rambouillet Conference | 202 | ||
| Demonisation and Atrocities Management | 203 | ||
| The ICTY as an Arm of Nato | 206 | ||
| The Media's Role: A 'CNN Effect'? | 207 | ||
| Notes | 208 | ||
| Notes on Contributors | 209 | ||
| Seth Ackerman | 209 | ||
| David Chandler | 209 | ||
| Thomas Deichmann | 209 | ||
| Goran Gocic | 209 | ||
| Peter Gowan | 209 | ||
| Philip Hammond | 210 | ||
| Edward S. Herman | 210 | ||
| Mick Hume | 210 | ||
| Diana Johnstone | 210 | ||
| Richard Keeble | 210 | ||
| Jim Naureckas | 210 | ||
| Lilia Nizamova | 210 | ||
| David Peterson | 210 | ||
| John Pilger | 210 | ||
| Nikos Raptis | 211 | ||
| Karin Trandheim Røn | 211 | ||
| Irena Savelieva | 211 | ||
| Mirjana Skoco | 211 | ||
| Raju G. C. Thomas | 211 | ||
| Siddharth Varadarajan | 211 | ||
| William Woodger | 211 | ||
| References | 212 | ||
| Index | 217 | ||
| ABC [American Broadcasting Company] 108-10 | 108 | ||
| ABC [American Broadcasting Company], | 37 |