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Post-Soviet Chaos

Post-Soviet Chaos

Joma Nazpary

(2001)

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Abstract

In the 1990s, the former states of the Soviet Union underwent dramatic and revolutionary changes. As a result of enforced, neoliberal reforms the fledgling republics were exposed to the familiar effects of globalised capital. Focusing on Kazakhstan, where violence and corruption are now facts of everyday life, Joma Nazpary examines the impact of the new capitalism on the people of Central Asia.

Nazpary explores the responses of the dispossessed to their dispossession. He uncovers the construction of 'imagined communities', grounded in Soviet nostalgia, which serve to resist the economic order, as well as the more practical survival strategies, especially of women, often forced into prostitution where they are subject to violence and stigma. By revealing the extent to which Kazakh society has disintegrated and the cultural responses to it, Nazpary argues that dispossession has been a stronger unifying force than even ethnicity or religion.

Comparing the effects of neoliberal reforms in Kazakhstan with those in other regions, he concludes that causes, forms and consequences of dispossession in Kazakhstan are particular instances of a much wider global trend.
'The most important book you can read about Central Asia'
Jonathan Neale, Bookmarks
'A wonderfully vivid account of the 'chaos' people see around them in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. An insightful exploration of the ways and means of the dispossessed in an unpredictable world'
Caroline Humphrey
'Nazpary's brilliant analysis of post-Soviet Kazakhstan reflects the author's deep ethnographic immersion in the everyday life-worlds of those inhabitants of Almaty'
John Gledhill, Manchester University

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION viii
Glossary ix
1. Introduction 1
The Aims 1
Chaos 3
2. People and places 20
Method 20
3. Bardak : Elements of chaos 33
Accumulation of wealth in a few hands 33
Violence 43
Feelings of loss 49
Conspiracy theory 58
Conclusions 60
4. Networking as a response to the chaos 63
Definitions 63
Reciprocity and networking as strategies of survival 64
Networking 81
The negative effects of change on networks 85
Conclusions 88
5. Women and sexualised strategies: Violence and stigma 90
Finding a job 90
Finding a sponsor 96
Finding a husband 99
Sex work 103
Stigma and violence 120
Conclusions 126
6. Construction of the alien: Imagining a Soviet community 127
The negative construction of the Soviet identity 127
Consumerism and the dispossessed 139
Wild capitalism as an element of the alien 142
Conclusions 143
7. Ethnic tension 146
Kazakhification of the state 146
The struggle for urban space and the fragmentation of Islamic identity 171
Conclusions 174
8. Conclusions in a comparative perspective: Whose transition? 176
Notes 195
Bibliography 200
Index 209
advertisements 91
for jobs, 91-2 91
for prostitution, 103-4 103
for prostitution, 109 109
advertising ix
see also consumerism ix