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Book Details
Abstract
This book argues that the global development and security agendas are merging. No longer is the language of security confined within the straitjacket of the state and associated national security concerns. The spotlight is shifting to the legitimate security concerns of human beings. The book examines how development is promoted by global governance institutions and how this has impacted on human security in the 1990s.
Caroline Thomas focuses on the effects of trade, finance, and investment liberalisation on deepening inequality. She explores different approaches for addressing the deepening inequality which threatens the economy at all levels, from the household, to the community, to the global. The book investigates reformist and transformist visions of the future and the contrasting policies tabled for their achievements. Thomas argues that ultimately human security requires a different developmental strategy.
'Succeeds superbly in explaining and evaluating from a political economy perspective the theoretical and practical underpinnings of human security in light of global economic transformation'
Development in Practice
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | iii | ||
| Acknowledgements | vii | ||
| Dedication | viii | ||
| Preface: Human Security in a Global Economy | xi | ||
| List of Boxes and Tables | xiii | ||
| List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | xiv | ||
| PART ONE: The Human Security Challenge | 1 | ||
| 1. Setting the Scene | 3 | ||
| The Human Security Challenge | 5 | ||
| Human Security | 5 | ||
| The UNDP and Human Security | 7 | ||
| Human Security: Looking Forward | 9 | ||
| Poverty and Inequality: A Cause for Concern | 9 | ||
| Neoliberal Development | 13 | ||
| Global Governance: In Whose Interest? | 15 | ||
| The Structure of the Book | 21 | ||
| 2. Mapping Inequality | 23 | ||
| Interstate Polarisation | 23 | ||
| Intrastate Polarisation | 26 | ||
| Mapping the World's Producers | 27 | ||
| Mapping precarious workers | 29 | ||
| Mapping the marginalised | 31 | ||
| Polarisation in the Corporate Sector | 32 | ||
| Conclusion | 33 | ||
| 3. Ideas About Development | 34 | ||
| Development History: Orthodox and Alternative Approaches | 34 | ||
| The Orthodox Approach | 34 | ||
| An Alternative Approach | 36 | ||
| Neoliberal Ideas: The Washington Consensus | 39 | ||
| The Spread of Neoliberalism | 42 | ||
| Neoliberalism Expands through the IFIs | 42 | ||
| Global Conferences Lend Legitimacy to Neoliberalism | 44 | ||
| Transnational Corporations (TNCs) | 46 | ||
| Neoliberal Universalism under Fire | 46 | ||
| Peasant Protest | 47 | ||
| State and Regional Resistance | 49 | ||
| Global-Level Resistance | 50 | ||
| Conclusion | 51 | ||
| PART TWO: Global Development Practice in the 1980s and 1990s | 53 | ||
| 4. The Reform of National Economies | 55 | ||
| The Role of the IMF and the World Bank | 55 | ||
| Evaluating the Social and Economic Impact of Adjustment | 57 | ||
| The Reformers Assessment | 57 | ||
| The Transformers ’ Assessment | 60 | ||
| The IMF and the World Bank Respond | 61 | ||
| The IMF, the HIPC and the PRGF | 63 | ||
| A Greater Proportion of Lending for the Poor | 65 | ||
| The Resilience of Neoliberal Development Ideology | 67 | ||
| Conclusion | 68 | ||
| 5. Liberalisation of Trade, Finance and Investment | 69 | ||
| Trade Liberalisation | 69 | ||
| Trade Liberalisation at the Global Level: From GATT to WTO | 69 | ||
| The GATT Uruguay Round and the WTO | 71 | ||
| Regional- Level Trade Liberalisation: NAFTA | 73 | ||
| Sectoral Trade Liberalisation: The Case of Food | 75 | ||
| The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) | 76 | ||
| Financial Liberalisation | 76 | ||
| Private Finance Soars | 77 | ||
| The role of the IMF | 79 | ||
| Public Finance Dwindles | 81 | ||
| Broken promises | 81 | ||
| Tied aid and export credit agencies | 83 | ||
| Investment Liberalisation | 84 | ||
| TNCs:Growing Investor Power | 84 | ||
| Developed Countries Seek a Global Investment Agreement | 86 | ||
| The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) | 86 | ||
| Concerns About Investment Liberalisation | 87 | ||
| Do anticipated benefits of FDI accrue? | 88 | ||
| Concerns about TNCs as providers of national welfare | 89 | ||
| Conclusion | 90 | ||
| PART THREE: Development Pathways for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century | 91 | ||
| 6. The Reformist Pathway for the Twenty first Century | 93 | ||
| Reformists Push the Neoliberal Trade Agenda | 96 | ||
| A Proposed New Trade Round | 97 | ||
| Reformers Work to Broaden the Appeal of Trade Liberalisation | 98 | ||
| Reformists Push the Neoliberal Finance Agenda | 99 | ||
| Recasting the Roles of the IMF and the World Bank: Summers versus Meltzer | 100 | ||
| Private Regulation of Private Finance | 102 | ||
| Broadening Ownership by Expanding Representation | 102 | ||
| Reformists Push the Neoliberal Investment Agenda | 103 | ||
| Partnerships | 104 | ||
| Voluntary,Private Codes of Conduct | 106 | ||
| ISO Standards | 107 | ||
| Other Voluntary Guidelines | 108 | ||
| Assessment | 108 | ||
| Conclusion: The Reformist Pathway Business as Usual | 109 | ||
| 7. Towards an Alternative Pathway for the Twenty-first Century | 110 | ||
| Alternative Ideas | 111 | ||
| Core Values | 112 | ||
| Pursuing the Vision: Short- term Modification, Long- term Transformation | 114 | ||
| Investment: Regulation is the Path Ahead | 114 | ||
| A mandatory global code of conduct | 115 | ||
| Trade: Making it Fair | 116 | ||
| Fair trade | 117 | ||
| Ethical trade | 119 | ||
| Regional action | 121 | ||
| Global action:an international speculation tax | 122 | ||
| Democratising Global Governance | 123 | ||
| Conclusion | 126 | ||
| References and Bibliography | 128 | ||
| Index | 143 | ||
| accountability | 84 |