BOOK
Implementation of Biological Filtration for the Treatment of Cyanobacterial Metabolites
Emma Sawade | Lionel Ho | Daniel Hoefel | Gayle Newcombe
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Specific issues investigated in this project were: Identifying the most effective substrate for optimum biofilm formation, and the range of operating conditions for optimum removals to be achieved; developing a standard suite of laboratory tests, both simulated filtration tests and genetic tests, to identify the potential of an existing filter to remove cyanobacterial metabolites; better understanding of the lag period prior to the onset of degradation of several metabolites; and the feasibility of artificially inoculating or “seeding” filters to enhance removal of the cyanobacterial metabolites.
This book is co-published with Water Research Australia.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| CONTENTS | ix | ||
| 1 INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1.2 Project background | 3 | ||
| 1.3 Aims and Objectives | 6 | ||
| 1.4 Approach | 6 | ||
| 1.4.1 Identification of optimum operating conditions to enable effective biological filtration | 6 | ||
| 1.4.1.1 Identification of the most effective substrate for biofilm formation | 6 | ||
| 1.4.1.2 Determination of the effect of metabolite concentration on biological degradation | 7 | ||
| 1.4.1.3 Effect of temperature on biodegradation of saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsin | 7 | ||
| 1.4.1.4 Determination of the effect of hydraulic loading on biological degradation of MIB and geosmin | 8 | ||
| 1.4.2 Development of the “Biological Filtration Potential Test” | 8 | ||
| 1.4.3 Investigation of potential impacts on the extent of the lag period for MIB and geosmin removal | 9 | ||
| 1.4.4 Research Flow diagram | 12 | ||
| 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 13 | ||
| 2.1 Cyanobacterial metabolite materials | 13 | ||
| 2.2 Analyses | 13 | ||
| 2.2.1 Water quality analysis | 13 | ||
| 2.2.1.1 Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and UV absorbance | 13 | ||
| 2.2.1.2 MIB and geosmin | 13 | ||
| 2.2.1.3 Cyanotoxins | 13 | ||
| 2.2.2 Biological activity | 14 | ||
| 2.2.2.1 Adenosine triphosphate | 14 | ||
| 2.2.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy | 14 | ||
| 2.2.2.3 mlrA gene and 16S rRNA abundance | 14 | ||
| 2.3 Laboratory-scale filter column testing | 14 | ||
| 2.3.1 Identification of the most effective substrate for biofiltration | 14 | ||
| 2.3.2 Investigation of potential impacts on the extent of the lag period | 15 | ||
| 2.4 Hydraulic loading investigation using pilot-scale filter column testing | 16 | ||
| 2.5 Effect of temperature on the biodegradation of saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsin | 17 | ||
| 2.6 Biological Filtration Potential Test | 17 | ||
| 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 18 | ||
| 3.1 Identification of optimum operating conditions to enable effective biological filtration | 18 | ||
| 3.1.1 Identification of the most effective substrate for biofiltration | 18 | ||
| 3.1.1.1 Dissolved organic carbon and UV absorbance removal | 18 | ||
| 3.1.1.2 Metabolite removal | 19 | ||
| 3.1.1.2.1 MIB and geosmin | 20 | ||
| 3.1.1.2.2 Cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin and microcystin | 24 | ||
| 3.1.1.3 Measurement of biological activity 3.1.1.3.1 Adenosine triphosphate | 28 | ||
| 3.1.1.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy | 29 | ||
| 3.1.1.4 Summary and Conclusions | 33 | ||
| 3.1.2 Effect of temperature on biodegradation of cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxins | 34 | ||
| 3.1.3 Effect of hydraulic loading on biological degradation of MIB and geosmin | 36 | ||
| 3.2 Biological Filtration Potential Test | 38 | ||
| 3.2.1 SA Water, Morgan Water Treatment Plant | 38 | ||
| 3.2.1.1 Laboratory-scale filtration | 38 | ||
| 3.2.1.2 Batch experiments, settled water | 39 | ||
| 3.2.1.3 Batch experiments, raw water | 40 | ||
| 3.2.1.4 Summary | 40 | ||
| 3.2.2 Hunter Water, Grahamstown Water Treatment Plant | 41 | ||
| 3.2.2.1 Laboratory-scale filtration | 41 | ||
| 3.2.2.2 Batch experiments | 42 | ||
| 3.2.2.3 Summary | 42 | ||
| 3.2.3 Microbiological analysis | 43 | ||
| 3.2.4 Comparison of media | 44 | ||
| 3.2.5 Summary and conclusions | 45 | ||
| 3.3 Investigation of potential impacts on the extent of the lag period for MIB and geosmin removal | 46 | ||
| 3.3.1 Scenario 1 – Presence and absence of metabolites | 46 | ||
| 3.3.2 Scenario 2 – Seeding with indigenous bacteria | 51 | ||
| 3.3.3 Scenario 3 – Presence and absence of degrading bacteria on filter media | 53 | ||
| 3.3.4 Summary | 56 | ||
| 4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 57 | ||
| 4.1 Summary of Outcomes | 57 | ||
| 4.1.1 Identification of optimum operating conditions to enable effective biological filtration | 57 | ||
| 4.1.2 Development of the “Biological Filtration Potential Test” | 58 | ||
| 4.1.3 Investigation of potential impacts on the extent of the lag period for MIB and geosmin removal | 58 | ||
| 4.1.3.1 Scenario 1 – Presence and absence of metabolites | 59 | ||
| 4.1.3.2 Scenario 2 – Seeding with indigenous bacteria | 59 | ||
| 4.1.3.3 Scenario 3 – Presence and absence of degrading bacteria | 60 | ||
| 4.2 Conclusions and recommendations | 60 | ||
| 4.2.1 Can your filters achieve successful biological filtration? | 61 | ||
| 4.2.2 How can you improve the chances of biological filtration? | 61 | ||
| 5 PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ARISING FROM THIS PROJECT* | 62 | ||
| 5.1 Peer reviewed journals | 62 | ||
| 5.2 Conferences presentations/proceedings | 62 | ||
| 5.3 Student reports | 62 | ||
| 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 63 | ||
| REFERENCES | 64 | ||
| APPENDIX I | 67 | ||
| BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION POTENTIAL (BFP) TEST PROCEDURE | 67 | ||
| APPENDIX II | 70 | ||
| Additional results from BFP test | 70 | ||
| Barwon Water, Wurdee Boluc Water Treatment Plant | 70 | ||
| Laboratory-scale filtration | 70 | ||
| Batch experiments | 71 | ||
| Summary | 71 | ||
| Melbourne Water, Winneke Water Treatment Plant | 72 | ||
| Laboratory-scale filtration | 72 | ||
| Batch experiments | 73 | ||
| Summary | 73 | ||
| Veolia Water, Illawarra Water Treatment Plant | 74 | ||
| Laboratory-scale filtration | 74 | ||
| Batch experiments | 75 | ||
| Summary | 75 |