Menu Expand
  1. Subjects (Books)
Reservoir Eutrophication

BOOK

Reservoir Eutrophication

Charles Carneiro | Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli | Cynara de Lourdes da Nobrega Cunha | Eduardo F. Gobbi

(2014)

Login to order (PDF)

Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-1-78040-648-0
Edition
1
Language
English
Pages
504
Subjects
The environment
Environmental science, engineering & technology
Water supply & treatment

Abstract

The overall objective of Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management is to present the environmental and anthropogenic factors associated with the process of eutrophication and algal blooms in the Rio Verde reservoir and propose lake use and management technologies in order to minimize the problem. Eutrophication process in Rio Verde reservoir with the occurrence of intense algal blooms is a consequence of the interconnection of different climatological, hydrological, morphological, physico-chemical and biological factors, which occur not only in the watershed but also in the reservoir. 
Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management compiles the information gathered from the development of a broad research program in Rio Verde watershed, from 2008 until 2010. Rio Verde reservoir, which was built in 1976, is located in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná in South Brazil. This reservoir is mainly used for supplying water to one of PETROBRAS Refinery. However, the reservoir is to be used for supplying drinking water to the population and that is why better understanding this system dynamics is a great concern. The book is the result of an interdisciplinary research program, which has involved more than 150 researchers, with the aim of defining a watershed management preventive system in order to prevent eutrophication processes. This way, the book combines academic rigor with practical applicability and is of interest for both researchers and technologists working in watershed management. 
Reservoir Eutrophication: Preventive Management is of interest to researchers and technologists that wish to examine specific characteristics of tropical climates. It is of specific interest to developing countries and for researchers interested in knowing the developed methodology adapted for temperate conditions.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover\r Cover
SUMMARY xvii
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION AND\rPRESENTATION 1
CHAPTER 1 \r 3
AN INTRODUCTION TO EUTROPHICATION AND THE STUDIES 5
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. WATER AVAILABILITY 6
3. EUTROPHICATION 8
4. REGIONAL CONTEXT OF THE RIO VERDE BASIN 10
5. ORGANIZATION OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 10
6. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 12
7. REFERENCES 13
CHAPTER 2 \r 15
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BASIN 17
1. INTRODUCTION 17
2. THE RIO VERDE BASIN 17
2.1 LOCATION 17
2.2 CLIMATE 17
2.2.1 Air Temperature 17
2.2.2 Relative air humidity and rainfall 17
2.2.3 Prevailing wind direction 17
2.3 INFORMATION ON THE MUNICIPALITIES LOCATED INTHE BASIN\r 17
2.3.1 General Information on the Municipalities 17
2.3.2 Education 20
2.3.3 Culture 20
2.4 LAND-USE AND OCCUPANCY\r 21
2.4.1 Land-Use regulation 21
2.4.2 Evolution of Land-use 21
2.4.3 Land-Use in Areas of Permanent Preservation 21
2.5 INFRASTRUTURE\r 21
2.5.1 Sewage system 21
2.5.2 Solid and hazardous waste management 22
2.6 TOURISM AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE 22
2.7 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BASIN\r 22
2.7.1 Hydrologic aspects 22
2.7.1.1 Underground sources 22
2.7.2 Types of Soil 22
2.7.3 Landscape characteristics of the basin 22
3. THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 26
3.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR 26
3.2 LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESERVOIR 26
3.3 SAMPLING PLAN OF THE RIO VERDE PROJECT 27
3.4 USES OF THE RESERVOIR\r 30
3.4.1 Water 30
3.4.1.1 Drinking water abstraction from the reservoir 30
3.4.1.2 Water abstration for agricultural purposes 30
3.4.1.3 Water withdrawal for industrial purposes 30
3.4.2 Fishing at the reservoir 30
4. CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE ECOSYSTEM 30
4.1 CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION\r 32
4.1.1 Agricultural and livestock uses 32
4.1.2 Urban use 32
4.2 IMPACTS CAUSED BY LAND-USE 32
4.2.1 Increase of the algae population 32
4.2.2 Decline of the fish population 32
5. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUATION 33
6. REFERENCES 33
SECTION II: THE PHYSICAL\rENVIRONMENT 35
CHAPTER 3\r 37
DEVELOPING A DATABASE FOR DIAGNOSING AND ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE RIO VERDE BASIN – A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL\r 39
1. INTRODUCTION 39
2. LOCATION AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA 40
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DATABASE 40
4. RESULTS OF DATABASE CONSTRUCTION 42
4.1 SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN (1976-2000-2009)\r 42
4.1.1 Introduction 42
4.1.2 Materials and Methods 42
4.1.3 Results and Discussion 43
4.1.4 Final Comments 50
4.2 SIMULATING GROWTH OF AREAS OF ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN USING MARKOV CHAIN AND CELLULAR AUTOMATA IN A GIS ENVIRONMENT\r(1976-2000-2009) 50
4.2.1 Introduction 50
4.2.2 Materials and Methods 51
4.2.3 Results 51
4.2.4 Final Comments 56
4.3 IDENTIFYING CONFLICTS BETWEEN LAND-USE AND LEGAL RESTRICTIONS IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN\r 57
4.3.1 Introduction 57
4.3.2 Materials and Methods 57
4.3.3 Results 58
4.3.4 Final Comments 58
5. CONCLUSION 62
6. REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER 4\r 63
GEOLOGY 65
1. ATUBA COMPLEX 65
2. AÇUNGUI GROUP 66
3. GUABIROTUBA AND TINGUIS FORMATIONS 66
4. TINGUIS FORMATION 66
5. HOLOCENE DEPOSITS 66
6. HYDROGEOLOGY 66
7. REFERENCES\r 68
CHAPTER 5\r 69
PEDOLOGY AND LAND-USE SUITABILITY 71
1. INTRODUCTION 71
2. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS 71
2.1 STAGE 1 – DIAGNOSING THE REGION AND CHOOSING SAMPLE COLLECTION AREAS 72
2.2 STAGE 2 – SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION 72
2.3 STAGE 3: SOIL ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION\r 73
2.3.1 Soil Analysis 73
2.3.1.1 Physical 73
2.3.1.2 Chemical 73
2.4 Soil Classification 73
2.5. Developing Maps 73
3. CRITERIA USED FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MAPPING UNITS 74
4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIN SOILS 77
5. MAPPING UNITS 78
6. DESCRIPTION OF MAPPING UNITS 78
7. UNIT SUITABILITY AND POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS 82
8. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IDENTIFIED UNITS 84
9. CONCLUSION 85
10. REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 6\r 87
VEGETATION COVER AND LAND USE MAPPING, CHARACTERIZATION AND DIAGNOSIS 89
1. INTRODUCTION 89
2. NATURAL VEGETATION COVER IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN 89
3. CURRENT VEGETATION COVER OF THE RIO VERDE BASIN 89
3.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL\rVEGETATION COVER AND LAND-USE 90
3.1.1 Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (forest with Araucaria) 90
3.1.2 Pioneer Formations Areas with Floodplain influence (floodplains) 93
3.1.3 Areas of anthropogenic interventions 93
3.2 DIAGNOSIS OF VEGETATION COVER AND LAND-USE IN AREAS OF PERMANENT PRESERVATION (APP)\r 94
3.2.1 Categories of Areas of Permanent\rPreservation (APPs) 94
3.2.2 Vegetation cover and land-use in areas of permanent preservation 94
4. CONSIDERATIONS OF VEGETATION COVER IN THE MAPPED AREA 97
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 99
5.1 VEGETATION COVER 99
5.2 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES AND REFORESTATION 99
5.3 CONSERVATION UNITS AND URBAN GREEN SPACES 99
5.4 TREE PLANTING ON STREETS AND IN PUBLIC PLACES 99
5.5 URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION 99
6. REFERENCES 99
CHAPTER 7\r 101
POTENTIAL AND EMERGING FRAGILITY OF THE SOIL 103
1. INTRODUCTION 103
1.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RIO VERDE BASIN 104
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 107
2.1 MATERIALS 107
2.2 THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 107
2.2.1 Land elevation model 110
2.2.2 Hypsometry and declivity 110
2.2.3 Relief and pedologic cover 110
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 110
3.1 ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY OF THE RIO VERDE BASIN\r 110
3.1.1 The Potential Fragility of the Rio Verde Basin\r 110
3.1.2 The Emerging Fragility of the Rio Verde Basin 111
4. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 112
5. REFERENCES 115
SECTION III: HYDROGRAPHIC ASPECTS\rAND HYDRODYNAMIC 117
CHAPTER 8\r 119
SUPPLY CAPACITY OF THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 121
1. INTRODUCTION 121
2. REGIONAL HYDROLOGY 121
2.1 RIO VERDE BASIN 121
2.2 STUDIES OF MINIMUM AND MEAN FLOW 121
2.3 RAINFALL DATA 122
3. RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 124
3.1 BATHYMETRY MEASUREMENT 125
4. RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING 127
4.1 TOPMODEL 127
4.2 CALIBRATION FOR PASSAÚNA SUB-BASIN 128
4.3 CALIBRATION FOR RIO VERDE SUB-BASIN 129
5. RAINFALL-RUNOFF SIMULATION 131
5.1 RAINFALL GENERATION METHOD 131
5.2 RUNOFF GENERATION 132
6. RESERVOIR SIMULATIONS 133
6.1 WATER BALANCE SIMULATIONS FOR THE EXISTING RESERVOIR 133
6.2 SIMULATIONS CONSIDERING FLOODGATE LEVELS AND ARBITRARY DEMANDS 135
6.3 SIMULATIONS OF CUMULATIVE STORAGE DEFICIT 138
7. CONCLUSIONS 140
8. REFERENCES 140
CHAPTER 9\r 141
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IONIC AND PARTICULATE SYSTEMS IN THE RESERVOIR 143
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 143
2. METHODOLOGY 145
2.1 SAMPLING POINTS\r 145
2.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION 147
2.3 ANALYSES 147
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 148
3.1 HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION 148
3.2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PARTICULATE MATTER 151
3.3 ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE DISSOLVED PHASE 152
3.4 SURFACE POTENTIAL 154
3.4.1 Importance of Zeta Potential for stability formulation 154
3.4.2 The effect of pH and Phosphorus preferential sorption species 154
3.5 SEDIMENT COMPOSITION 156
4. CONCLUSIONS 158
5. REFERENCES 158
CHAPTER 10\r 161
ASSESSING THE POLLUTION POTENTIAL OF LAKE BASINS: CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS 163
1. INTRODUCTION 163
2. RELIABILITY OF WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENTS 164
3. CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO LOAD ASSESSMENTS 165
3.1 POINT SOURCE AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION 165
3.2 NUTRIENTS: QUANTITY X AVAILABILITY 166
3.3 FLOW EVALUATION 167
3.4 CONCENTRATIONS X LOADS 167
3.5 FLOW HYDROGRAPH 167
4. EVALUATING WATER QUALITY VARIABLES 168
4.1 METHODS AND PROCEDURES\r 168
4.1.1 Selection of Sampling Stations 168
4.1.2 Monitoring Period 168
4.1.3 Selection of variables and analytical control 170
4.2 DISCUSSION OF THE MONITORING RESULTS\r 170
4.2.1 Rainfall 170
4.2.2 Nutrients 171
4.2.2.1 Phosphorus concentration and load 171
4.2.2.2 Nitrogen: concentration and load 174
4.2.2.3 BOD, COD and Total Solids: concentration and load 177
4.2.3 Land Use in the Rio Verde Basin 182
5. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 185
6. REFERENCES 188
CHAPTER 11 191
SEDIMENT 193
1. SEDIMENTS 193
2. SEDIMENT DYNAMICS 193
2.1 SOLID PHASE 194
2.2 LIQUID PHASE 194
2.3 SEDIMENT INPUTS 194
3. SEDIMENT AND PHOSPHORUS 195
4. SEDIMENT AND NITROGEN 196
5. SEDIMENT AND PESTICIDES 197
5.1 USE OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR ACTIVE INGREDIENTS 197
5.2 ACCUMULATION, LIXIVIATION AND PERCOLATION POTENTIAL IN THE SOIL 197
6. SEDIMENT AND METALS + ARSENIC 198
7. SEDIMENT AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS: PCBS 198
8. SEDIMENT AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS – PAHS 199
9. SEDIMENT ANALYSIS 199
9.1 SAMPLING STRATEGIES AND PROCEDURES 199
9.1.1 Fundamentals of sediment evaluation 199
9.1.2 Analytical parameters 200
9.1.3 Sampling Areas 200
9.1.4 Sample collection, preservation, packaging and analytical procedures 200
9.2 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION\r 202
9.2.1 pH, DO and temperature 202
9.2.2 Granulometry 203
9.2.3 pH and ORP 204
9.2.4 Organic matter content 204
9.2.5 Phosphorus 205
9.2.5.1 P concentration 205
9.2.5.2 Concentration of phosphorus in interstitial water, water-sediment interface and water column 208
9.2.5.3 Evaluation of phosphorus release 208
9.2.6 Nitrogen 209
9.2.6.1 N concentration 209
9.2.7 Metals and Arsenic 210
9.2.8 Contaminants in the Sediment and Water: Pesticides, PCBs and PAHs 211
10. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 212
11. REFERENCES 213
CHAPTER 12\r 217
HYDRODYNAMICS AND TRANSPORTATION IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 219
1. INTRODUCTION 219
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 221
2.1 HYDRODYNAMICS AND TRANSPORTATION IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 226
3. CIRCULATION IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 227
3.1 RESIDENCE TIME 229
4. HORIZONTAL MASS TRANSPORTATION IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 231
4.1 ADDUCTIVE-DIFFUSIVE TRANSPORT EQUATION 231
4.2 PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES 232
4.3 TEMPERATURE MODEL 235
4.4 WATER QUALITY MODEL IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 237
4.4.1 Parameters used for the water quality model 237
4.4.2 Results Temperature 237
4.4.3 Results – Water quality parameters 238
5. CONCLUSIONS 251
6. REFERENCES 251
SECTION IV: AQUATIC\rCOMMUNITIES 253
CHAPTER 13\r 255
PHYTOPLANKTON ECOLOGY IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 257
1. INTRODUCTION 257
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 258
3. RESULTS 260
3.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA 260
3.2 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR\r 261
3.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESERVOIR FROM THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS (PCA) 264
3.4 PHYTOPLANKTON: TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION 264
3.5 CELL DENSITIES OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON AND CHLOROPHYLL-A\r 269
4. DISCUSSION 274
5. REFERENCES 275
CHAPTER 14\r 277
ZOOPLANKTON 279
1. INTRODUCTION 279
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 280
3. RESULTS 282
3.1 ECOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES 282
3.2 INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON THE ZOOPLANKTON 282
4. DISCUSSION 289
5. REFERENCES 290
CHAPTER 15 293
ICHTHYOFAUNA 295
1. INTRODUCTION 295
2. RESERVOIR ICHTHYOFAUNA 296
3. CASE STUDY OF ICHTHYOFAUNA IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR 296
3.1 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE 296
3.2 FEEDING 303
3.3 REPRODUCTION 304
4. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 306
5. REFERENCES 307
SECTION V: SOCIO-ECONOMIC\rASPECTS 309
CHAPTER 16\r 311
PARTICIPATIVE METHODOLOGIES APPLIED IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN 313
1. INTRODUCTION: THE NEED FOR AN INNOVATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 313
2. STUDY AREA 314
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 316
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 316
5. RURAL LIFE QUALITY INDEX 319
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 322
7. REFERENCES 322
CHAPTER 17\r 323
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIN 325
1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? 325
2. DIGRESSIONS ON THE METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS THAT GUIDE THE RESEARCH 326
2.1 INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES 326
2.2 LAISSEZ-FAIRE AND MARKET MECHANISMS 327
2.3 STATE REGULATION 328
2.4 COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE 328
2.5 THE PRODUCTIVE AND LAND STRUCTURE IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RIO VERDE’S APA 329
2.6 LAND TENURE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 331
2.7 THE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE OF RIO VERDE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN 332
3. CONCLUSION 335
4. REFERENCES 335
CHAPTER 18\r 337
AN ANALYSIS OF FISHING PRACTICES 339
1. INTRODUCTION 339
2. RESERVOIR FISHING 339
3. FISHING IN THE RIO VERDE RESERVOIR: A CASE STUDY 340
3.1 METHODS 340
3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHING\r 341
3.2.1 General characteristics 341
3.2.2 Profile of fishermen and fishing 341
4. CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARKS 347
5. REFERENCES 347
CHAPTER 19\r 349
LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES 351
1. INTRODUCTION 351
2. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDER ATIONS 352
2.1 USE OF PARTICIPATORY METHODOLOGIES FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUB-BASINS PLANS 352
2.2 METHODOLOGY 353
2.2.1 Identification of areas of conflict 353
2.3 PROPOSING ADJUSTMENTS AND MONITORING THROUGH THE REFERENCE NETWORK SYSTEM 354
3. AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES 355
3.1 PREVAILING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 355
3.2 FINAL RESULTS – AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES 355
3.2.1 Land 355
3.2.2 Current use 355
4. CRITICAL SITUATIONS REGARDING SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 358
4.1 USE OF SOIL ACCORDING TO SUITABILITY 358
5. PROPOSED ACTION FOR THE MICROBASIN AIMING AT SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 363
5.1 USE AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERING THE POTENTIAL AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE 363
6. STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT 365
7. REFERENCES 365
CHAPTER 20\r 367
RURAL SANITATION 369
1. CONCEPTS 369
1.1 RURAL SANITATION 369
1.2 TECHNOLOGIES FOR RURAL SANITATION\r 369
1.2.1 Water 369
1.2.2 Domestic Sewage 372
1.2.3 Solid Wastes 373
1.3 WATER QUALITY 375
1.3.1 Waterborne Diseases 375
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 375
2.1 Analyses of the Collective Water Supply Systems 375
2.2 DIAGNOSIS OF RURAL SANITATION\r 376
2.2.1 Water 376
2.2.2 Domestic Sewage 377
2.2.3 Solid Waste 377
2.2.4 Waterborne Diseases 378
2.3 PROPOSING ALTERNATIVES FOR MINIMIZING POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY 378
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 378
3.1. Analyses of the Collective Water Supply Systems 378
3.2 DIAGNOSIS OF THE RURAL SANITATION\r 379
3.2.1 Water 379
3.2.2 Domestic Sewage 380
3.2.3 Solid Waste 380
3.2.4 Waterborne Diseases 383
3.3 ALTERNATIVES TO MINIMIZING THE POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY 384
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 384
5. REFERENCES 384
CHAPTER 21\r 387
THE VOICE OF THE POPULATION IN COLÔNIA CRISTINA: A STUDY ON RISK PERCEPTION 389
1. INTRODUCTION 389
2. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES 389
3. CHARACTERISING THE BASIN: THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA OF RIO VERDE AND COLÔNIA CRISTINA 392
4. PUBLICIZING THE VOICES OF “NON HUMANS” 392
5. PUBLICIZING THE VOICES OF HUMANS 393
5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF INHABITANT FEARS IN RELATION TO THE SOCIAL SYSTEM 393
5.2 NOSTALGIA FOR THE PAST, REINFORCING IDENTITY AND TRADITION 393
5.3 REJECTION OF THE CURRENT SITUATION 393
5.4 BETS ON THE FUTURE 394
6. FEEDBACK ASSOCIATED WITH COMMUNITY FEARS 395
7. FEEDBACK ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONNECTION BETWEEN COLÔNIA CRISTINA AND OTHER AGENCIES 396
8. FEEDBACK ASSOCIATED WITH THE POTENTIAL OF COLÔNIA CRISTINA 397
9. FEEDBACK ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN COLÔNIA CRISTINA 397
10. RISK PERCEPTION 397
10.1 CLASSICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF PERCEPTION 398
10.2 NEW ASSUMPTIONS OF PERCEPTION 398
11. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 399
12. REFERENCES 399
SECTION VI: ENVIRONMENTAL\rEDUCATION 401
CHAPTER 22\r 403
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 405
1. EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 405
1.1 THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 406
1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN BRAZIL 407
2. LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS OF RESPONSIBILITY 408
2.1 ETHICS OF RESPONSIBILITY 409
3. COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE AS A PATH TO ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 409
3.1 COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE 410
4. COLLECTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF A PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION 411
4.1 THE CONTEXT OF CERCADINHO 411
4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY’S SOCIAL STAKEHOLDERS 414
4.3 PROCEDURES USED TO DEVELOP THE STUDY 414
4.4 CASE STUDY: CERCADINHO IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CAMPO LARGO 415
4.4.1 Understanding the reality 415
4.4.2 Building a Community of Practice 416
4.4.3 Building the Environmental Education Program 418
5. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS 419
6. REFERENCES 420
SECTION VII: MANAGEMENT\rTOOLS 421
CHAPTER 23\r 423
ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES 425
1. INTRODUCTION 425
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 425
2.1. EUTROPHICATION AND WATER QUALITY 425
2.2 TREATMENT OF WATER CONTAMINATED BY CYANOTOXINS 427
2.3 ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES (AOPS) 427
2.3.1 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis 428
2.3.2 Photoelectrochemical process 428
2.3.3 UV/ H2O2 System\r 429
2.3.4 Fenton Process (Fe2+/H2O2)\r 429
2.3.5 Application of advanced processes for the remediation of contaminated waters 430
3. OBJECTIVES 430
4. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 431
4.1 REAGENTS 431
4.2 METHODOLOGY\r 431
4.2.1 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis and UV/H2O2 431
4.2.2 Fenton and Photo-Fenton Process 431
4.2.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS 432
4.3 ANALYTICAL CONTROL 432
5. RESULTS 432
5.1 CAMPHOR DEGRADATION 432
5.2 GEOSMIN AND 2-MIB DEGRADATION 432
5.3 DEGRADATION OF MICROCYSTIN-LR 433
6. CONCLUSIONS 441
7. REFERENCES 442
CHAPTER 24\r 447
ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING OF THE PROTECTION AREAS IN THE RIO VERDE BASIN 449
1. INTRODUCTION 449
2. THE EVOLUTION OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 449
3. RIO VERDE APA AND ITS ZONING 452
4. COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREAS – EXPERIENCES OF THE TECHNICAL SUPPORT BOARD 454
5. CONCLUSIONS 456
6. REFERENCES 457
CHAPTER 25\r 459
PREVENTIVE ACTION PLAN FOR THE RIO VERDE BASIN 461
INTRODUCTION 461
I. INFORMATION (SCIENCE)\r 462
1. VEGETATION COVER MONITORING 462
1.1 INTRODUCTION 462
1.2 OBJECTIVE 463
1.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 463
2. MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY 463
2.1 INTRODUCTION 463
2.2 OBJECTIVES 464
2.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 468
3. MONITORING OF CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE RESERVOIR SEDIMENT 468
3.1 INTRODUCTION 468
3.2 OBJECTIVES 469
3.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 469
II POLICIES\r 469
1. REFORESTATION IN AREAS OF PERMANENT PRESERVATION 469
1.1 INTRODUCTION 469
1.2 OBJECTIVE 469
1.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 469
2. RURAL SANITATION 470
2.1 INTRODUCTION 470
2.2 OBJECTIVES 470
2.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 470
3. URBAN SANITATION 470
3.1 INTRODUCTION 470
3.2 OBJECTIVES 470
3.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 470
4. PLANNING, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF RURAL LAND 473
4.1 INTRODUCTION 473
4.2 OBJECTIVES 473
4.3 PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 473
III TECHNOLOGY\r 474
1. CONTINUOUS ADVANCED OXIDATIVE PROCESSES IN THE TREATMENT OF WATERS CONTAMINATED BY CYANOTOXINS AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT MICROPOLLUTANTS 474
1.1 INTRODUCTION 474

Contact Us

123Doc Education 45 Stanlake Road 9 London, W12 7HG T: +44 (0)203 0313 866

Quick Navigation

2024 123Library

Powered by CloudPublish

We use cookies to ensure that you get the best experience on our website. Learn more about how we use cookies.