BOOK
Integrated Water Resource Management in Brazil
Carsten Lorz | Franz Makeschin | Holger Weiss
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The complex interactions between water resources, land-use change and water technologies are a major issue in many emerging countries of Southern America. Usable water resources are affected by natural conditions, such as, strong seasonal contrasts and high climatic variability, and rapid changes of land use and land cover that is caused by the dramatic expansion of agricultural land and urbanization processes.
So far, the effects of the changing climate have had minor effects on water resources. Although regional data is rather scarce, global climate models predict substantial changes of climatic conditions in the future. A further pressure is that demand for water supply and waste water, both in terms of amount and spatial expansion, is increasing rapidly due to higher population densities caused by natural population growth and migration as well as higher per capita consumption.
Integrated Water Resource Management in Brazil aims to present the results of the joint project IWAS-AGUA DF which deals with problems, causes and solutions in water supply in scope of integrated water resource management in western Central Brazil. The basic idea of the IWRM approach to be presented is to show how natural conditions and human interference are interacting and how technologies as well as concepts might help to manage such water resource systems in a sustainable way.
Authors: Carsten Lorz, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Franz Makeschin, Dresden University of Technology, Germany and Holger Weiss, Center for Environmental Research, Germany
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Integrated Water Resource Management in Central Brazil | 1 | ||
| 1.2 The Project IWAS-ÁGUA DF | 1 | ||
| 1.3 The Study Region | 2 | ||
| 1.3.1 Climate | 2 | ||
| 1.3.2 Land use | 3 | ||
| 1.3.3 Demographic development and water supply | 6 | ||
| 1.4 References | 7 | ||
| Chapter 2: Climate change in Central Brazil | 9 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 9 | ||
| 2.2 Baseline Climate | 10 | ||
| 2.2.1 Regional climate | 10 | ||
| 2.2.2 Observations | 11 | ||
| 2.2.2.1 Database (CLIMA-DF) | 11 | ||
| 2.2.2.2 Climatology 1971–2000 and spatial distribution | 12 | ||
| 2.2.2.3 Changes and trend analysis | 13 | ||
| 2.3 Climate Change Scenarios | 14 | ||
| 2.3.1 General Circulation Models | 15 | ||
| 2.3.1.1 General Circulation Model output: multi-model ensemble and uncertainties | 15 | ||
| 2.3.2 Regional climate models | 15 | ||
| 2.3.2.1 Statistical downscaling (SDSM) | 16 | ||
| 2.4 References | 19 | ||
| Chapter 3: Protection and exploitation of groundwater resources in Western Central Brazil | 23 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 23 | ||
| 3.2 Hydrogaphic Overview | 24 | ||
| 3.3 Hydrogeological Overview | 25 | ||
| 3.4 Case Studies | 28 | ||
| 3.4.1 Numerical groundwater flow modelling for hydraulic system analysis in hydrological sensitive catchments – The Pipiripau River Basin | 28 | ||
| 3.4.2 Geoelectrical resistivity tomography for groundwater quality characterization at the municipal waste disposal ‘Lixão do Jóquei’ | 32 | ||
| 3.4.3 Characterization of groundwater recharge dynamics using stable isotope analyses | 37 | ||
| 3.4.4 Artificial groundwater recharge for enhanced water supply management in the DF of Brazil | 43 | ||
| 3.5 Concluding Remarks | 45 | ||
| 3.6 References | 46 | ||
| Chapter 4: Land use management as part of Integrated Water Resource Management | 49 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 49 | ||
| 4.2 Analysis of Effects of Land Use History on Water Resources in the Pipiripau River Basin | 50 | ||
| 4.3 Use of Simulation Models for Assessing Land Management Practices – Example Pipiripau River Basin | 51 | ||
| 4.4 Letsmap Do Brasil – A Web-Based Planning Support Tool for Sediment Management in the Pipiripau River Basin | 54 | ||
| 4.5 Sediment Sources and Sediment Management | 58 | ||
| 4.6 References | 59 | ||
| Chapter 5: Urban structure types and their impact on water resources: A case study in the Distrito Federal of Brazil | 61 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 61 | ||
| 5.1.1 Background and objectives | 61 | ||
| 5.2 State of the Art | 62 | ||
| 5.2.1 General aspects of water-related issues in urban areas | 62 | ||
| 5.2.2 The concept of Urban Structure Types | 62 | ||
| 5.3 Methodology | 63 | ||
| 5.4 Results for the Study Area Planaltina | 67 | ||
| 5.5 Conclusion | 70 | ||
| 5.6 References | 70 | ||
| Chapter 6: Water quality of tropical reservoirs in a changing world – the case of Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil | 73 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 73 | ||
| 6.1.1 The IWAS approach | 73 | ||
| 6.1.2 Lake Paranoá | 73 | ||
| 6.1.2.1 General aspects | 73 | ||
| 6.1.2.2 Water quality: previous studies | 74 | ||
| 6.1.2.3 Sediment quality: previous studies | 75 | ||
| 6.2 Metal(loid)s, Eutrophicators and Colloids | 75 | ||
| 6.3 Characterization of DOC and TOC | 78 | ||
| 6.4 The Occurence of Organic Micropollutants in Lake Paranoá | 81 | ||
| 6.4.1 General aspects | 81 | ||
| 6.4.2 Sampling and experimental details | 82 | ||
| 6.4.3 Organic micropollutants in Lake Paranoá – analytical results | 83 | ||
| 6.4.3.1 General results and tendencies | 83 | ||
| 6.4.3.2 Risk matrix and key compounds | 86 | ||
| 6.4.3.3 Stimulants and pharmaceuticals | 87 | ||
| 6.4.3.4 Pesticides | 88 | ||
| 6.4.3.5 Perfluorinated surfactants | 88 | ||
| 6.4.3.6 Artificial sweeteners | 89 | ||
| 6.4.3.7 X-ray contrast media | 89 | ||
| 6.4.3.8 Other compounds | 90 | ||
| 6.5 Conclusions | 91 | ||
| 6.6 Acknowledgements | 92 | ||
| 6.7 References | 92 | ||
| Chapter 7: Bridging the gap: Current and future drinking water treatment for a fast-growing megacity – Brasília, Distrito Federal | 97 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 97 | ||
| 7.2 Review of Existing Drinking Water Treatment | 97 | ||
| 7.2.1 Water supply system in the DF | 97 | ||
| 7.2.2 Water quality and influence of weather conditions | 98 | ||
| 7.2.3 Removal of particulate matter | 99 | ||
| 7.2.4 Removal of dissolved organic matter | 100 | ||
| 7.3 Towards a Sustainable Water Supply in the Future | 102 | ||
| 7.3.1 Possible upgrades for the better performance of conventional technologies | 102 | ||
| 7.3.2 Expanding the water supply capacity | 102 | ||
| 7.3.2.1 Lake Paranoá as a possible solution | 102 | ||
| 7.3.2.2 Technological considerations for the treatment of Lake Paranoá water | 103 | ||
| 7.3.3 Additional measures to bridge the gap between water demand and availability | 104 | ||
| 7.4 Conclusions | 105 | ||
| 7.5 Acknowledgements | 105 | ||
| 7.6 References | 105 | ||
| Chapter 8: Developing the urban water system towards using the Paranoá Lake in Brasília as receptor and water resource | 109 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 109 | ||
| 8.1.1 Background and aims of urban water management | 109 | ||
| 8.1.2 Situation in Brasília | 110 | ||
| 8.2 Advanced Wastewater Treatment | 112 | ||
| 8.2.1 Overview of advanced wastewater treatment technologies | 112 | ||
| 8.2.1.1 Biodegradation and sorption in the activated sludge process | 112 | ||
| 8.2.1.2 Membrane technology | 113 | ||
| 8.2.1.3 Activated carbon adsorption | 113 | ||
| 8.2.1.4 Advanced oxidation technologies | 113 | ||
| 8.2.2 Conception, invitation of tenders and delivery of the pilot plant | 113 | ||
| 8.2.3 Process design of the pilot plant | 113 | ||
| 8.2.4 Flushing program | 114 | ||
| 8.2.5 Testing phase WWTP Holzkirchen, Germany | 114 | ||
| 8.2.6 Testing phase at WWTP ETE Nortè | 116 | ||
| 8.3 Stormwater Management | 118 | ||
| 8.3.1 Elements of stormwater management | 118 | ||
| 8.3.2 Stormwater modeling at a small catchment of Brasília | 121 | ||
| 8.4 Conclusions and Recommendations | 123 | ||
| 8.5 References | 124 | ||
| Chapter 9: Capacity development as base element of Integrated Water Resource Management in Central Brazil | 125 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 125 | ||
| 9.2 Short Presentation of the Partners in Working Group Capacity Development | 126 | ||
| 9.2.1 Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Distrito Federal (CAESB) | 126 | ||
| 9.2.2 Sachsen Wasser (SaWa) and Kommunale Wasserwerke Leipzig (KWL) | 126 | ||
| 9.3 Aproach | 127 | ||
| 9.4 Sharing the Experience in Workshops (2010–11) | 127 | ||
| 9.5 Specific Topics (2012–13) | 128 | ||
| 9.5.1 Background of the second project phase | 128 | ||
| 9.5.2 Implementation of a laboratory information management system | 128 | ||
| 9.5.3 Implementation of a data management system | 128 | ||
| 9.5.4 Energy efficiency measures | 129 | ||
| 9.6 Results and Conclusions | 129 | ||
| 9.7 Reference | 129 | ||
| Chapter 10: Lessons learned – conclusions | 131 | ||
| 10.1 Processes in River Basins | 131 | ||
| 10.2 Water Quality in Water Reservoirs | 132 | ||
| 10.3 Technology | 133 | ||
| 10.4 Capacity Development | 133 | ||
| 10.5 Lessons Learned | 133 |