Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%!
This Code of Practice is concerned with metal pick-up by drinking water within the water supply chain, particularly from water mains and from domestic and institutional pipe-work systems. The principal metals of interest are copper, iron, and lead, and to a lesser extent nickel and zinc. The emphasis is on cold drinking water at its point of use by consumers. Metals arising from water sources and hot water systems are not considered.
The intention is that this Code of Practice establishes an international standard for the control of internal corrosion of water supply systems. It provides a basis for identifying both problems and sustainable solutions in a manner which is sound scientifically and will help operators to achieve due diligence. It provides a template for improving internal corrosion control in countries, cities or towns where this has been neglected or poorly implemented. Internal Corrosion Control of Water Supply Systems is deliberately brief in its presentation of a wide array of complex information, in order to provide direction to practitioners that can be more easily related to their specific circumstances. The book also provides a series of check-lists and criteria to be used in risk assessment.
Editor: Dr Colin R Hayes, University of Swansea, UK, Chair of IWA Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover page | 1 | ||
| Half-title page | 2 | ||
| Title page | 3 | ||
| Copyright page | 4 | ||
| Contents | 5 | ||
| About the Code of Practice | 9 | ||
| Authors | 10 | ||
| Review Panel | 11 | ||
| Glossary | 12 | ||
| Disclaimers | 13 | ||
| Foreword | 14 | ||
| Part A | 16 | ||
| Code of Practice | 16 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 17 | ||
| Introduction | 17 | ||
| 1.1 SCOPE | 17 | ||
| 1.2 PURPOSE | 17 | ||
| 1.3 APPLICATION AND CONTENT | 17 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 19 | ||
| Identifying internal corrosion control needs | 19 | ||
| 2.1 GAINING A SYSTEM OVERVIEW | 19 | ||
| 2.2 EVIDENCE OF INTERNAL CORROSION PROBLEMS | 20 | ||
| 2.3 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE | 25 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 26 | ||
| Selecting appropriate control measures | 26 | ||
| 3.1 PLANNING | 26 | ||
| 3.2 PH OPTIMISATION | 27 | ||
| 3.3 SELECTING A CORROSION INHIBITOR | 28 | ||
| 3.4 OPTIMISING THE DOSING OF CORROSION INHIBITORS | 29 | ||
| 3.5 PIPE REPLACEMENT | 30 | ||
| 3.6 CONTROLLING THE USE OF METAL MATERIALS | 31 | ||
| 3.7 CONTROLLING THE RATIO OF WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES | 32 | ||
| Additional reference | 32 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 33 | ||
| Implementing a monitoring programme | 33 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 35 | ||
| Risk assessment | 35 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 36 | ||
| On-going management | 36 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 37 | ||
| Key references | 37 | ||
| Part B | 38 | ||
| Supporting Information | 38 | ||
| Appendix 1 | 39 | ||
| Sampling methods and regulatory compliance | 39 | ||
| A1.1 SAMPLING METHODS USED IN COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT | 39 | ||
| A1.2 SAMPLING METHODS USED AT INDIVIDUAL PREMISES IN RISK ASSESSMENT | 41 | ||
| A1.3 SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF PREMISE PLUMBING | 41 | ||
| A1.4 SUPPLEMENTARY OPERATIONAL MONITORING | 43 | ||
| Additional reference | 43 | ||
| Appendix 2 | 44 | ||
| Corrosion testing | 44 | ||
| A2.1 TESTING OF METALLIC MATERIALS | 44 | ||
| Additional reference | 44 | ||
| A2.2 LABORATORY PLUMBOSOLVENCY TESTING | 44 | ||
| Additional references | 45 | ||
| A2.3 LEAD PIPE TEST RIGS | 45 | ||
| Additional references | 46 | ||
| A2.4 THE NATURE OF PB(II) AND PB(IV) LEAD CORROSION DEPOSITS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO SOLUBILITY | 46 | ||
| Additional references | 47 | ||
| A2.5 GALVANIC CORROSION TESTING | 48 | ||
| Bench-Scale Test | 48 | ||
| Pilot-Scale Test | 49 | ||
| Additional references | 49 | ||
| Appendix 3 | 50 | ||
| Compliance modelling | 50 | ||
| Additional references | 52 | ||
| Appendix 4 | 53 | ||
| Definition of the term \"optimisation” as it relates to the control of lead in drinking water | 53 | ||
| A4.1 BACKGROUND | 53 | ||
| A4.2 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES NOT ENTAILING EXCESSIVE COST (BATNEEC) | 54 | ||
| A4.3 A GENERIC DEFINITION OF THE TERM \"OPTIMISATION” AS IT RELATES TO THE CONTROL OF LEAD IN DRINKING WATER | 55 | ||
| Appendix 5 | 56 | ||
| Protocols for the optimisation of corrosion control treatment to minimise lead in drinking water | 56 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 56 | ||
| A. SCIENCE BASED | 56 | ||
| Step 1 Confirm need for optimisation | 56 | ||
| Step 2 Investigate the nature of lead corrosion deposits | 57 | ||
| Step 3 Laboratory plumbosolvency testing | 57 | ||
| Step 4 Compliance modelling to identify optimum treatment conditions | 58 | ||
| Step 5 Implementation and performance appraisal | 58 | ||
| B. TRIAL BASED | 59 | ||
| Step 1 Confirm need for optimisation | 59 | ||
| Step 2 Selection of anticipated optimum treatment conditions | 59 | ||
| Step 3 Implementation and performance appraisal | 59 | ||
| C. GENERIC | 59 | ||
| Appendix 6 | 61 | ||
| Protocols for the optimisation of corrosion control for copper, iron, nickel and zinc in drinking water | 61 | ||
| 6.1 COPPER | 61 | ||
| Step 1 Confirm need for optimisation | 61 | ||
| Step 2 Determine possible optimisation measures | 62 | ||
| Step 3 Implementation and performance appraisal | 62 | ||
| 6.2 IRON | 63 | ||
| Step 1 Confirm need for optimisation | 63 | ||
| Step 2 Determine possible optimisation measures | 64 | ||
| Step 3 Implementation and performance appraisal | 64 | ||
| Additional reference | 65 | ||
| 6.3 NICKEL | 65 | ||
| 6.4 ZINC | 65 | ||
| Appendix 7 | 67 | ||
| Design of pipework systems in buildings | 67 | ||
| Additional references | 70 | ||
| Appendix 8 | 71 | ||
| Partial lead service line replacement with copper pipe and galvanic corrosion | 71 | ||
| Additional references | 73 | ||
| Appendix 9 | 74 | ||
| Internal corrosion control in small supplies | 74 | ||
| Additional reference | 75 | ||
| Part C | 76 | ||
| Check Lists and Criteria for Risk Assessment | 76 | ||
| Introduction | 77 | ||
| PROFORMA C1 ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE | 78 | ||
| PROFORMA C2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SUMMARY | 79 | ||
| PROFORMA C3 WATER QUALITY: GENERAL RISK ASSESSMENT | 80 | ||
| Parameter: pH | 80 | ||
| Parameter: alkalinity | 80 | ||
| Parameter: chloride | 81 | ||
| Parameter: chloride/alkalinity ratio (dezincification) | 81 | ||
| Parameter: sulphate | 81 | ||
| Parameter: chloride/sulphate ratio (galvanic corrosion) | 82 | ||
| Parameter: total organic carbon | 82 | ||
| Parameter: iron | 83 | ||
| Parameter: temperature | 84 | ||
| Over-all conclusions concerning water quality: | 84 | ||
| PROFORMA C4 PLUMBOSOLVENCY CONTROL | 85 | ||
| Regulatory compliance | 85 |