BOOK
Southeast Asian Water Environment 1
S. Ohgaki | Kensuke Fukushi | Hiroyuki Katayama | Satoshi Takizawa | Chongrak Polprasert
(2005)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Southeast Asia has undergone rapid commercial and industrial development over the past half century, which continues to bring economic stability and prosperity to its inhabitants. The combined impacts of population growth, urbanization, and industrialization continue to put pressure on the natural resources and the environment. At the same time, globalization is another momentous challenge for the region. Southeast Asian megacities are some of the most dynamic and diverse regions, which are playing a key role in achieving global sustainability. Twelve out of nineteen megacities of the world are located in the region, where highly developed areas coexist with poorly developing areas where large economic growth is expected. The poor quality of the living standards of the latter creates many environmental problems that are major threats to the inhabitants of the region. The Southeast Asian environment has been degraded by the release of industrial and domestic wastes, agricultural and aquacultural chemicals, and pollutants from automobiles. It suffers from water-related disasters, Tsunami, floods, typhoons, etc. In order to deal with these issues an integrated approach from the inhibitants, governments and researchers is essential. The environmental threats arising from the increasing population, overuse of natural resources, industrialization, urbanization, and natural disasters present ever increasing challenges to pursuing sustainable development of the region. Many developed countries such as Japan have experiences of dealing with severe environmental pollution and this publication is the result of building an academic network among researchers of related fields from different regions to exchange information. This book will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with achieving global sustainability within the water environment in developing regions, including researchers, policy makers, NGOs and NPOs.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Preface | 8 | ||
| Introduction: Southeast Asian Water Environment Scenario at Present and the Future Perspective | x | ||
| 1. Introduction | x | ||
| 2.1 Water availability and scarcity in the Southeast Asian region | xi | ||
| 2.2 Water quality situation in Southeast Asian countries | xii | ||
| 2.3 Water supply and sanitation coverage in Asian countries | xiii | ||
| 3. Southeast Asian water environment issues | xiii | ||
| 1. Water management | xiii | ||
| 2. Accessibility to the water supply and sanitation services | xiii | ||
| 3. Application of appropriate technologies | xiii | ||
| 4. Financial and regulatory framework | xiii | ||
| 4. Future Strategies | xiv | ||
| 1. Integrated water resources management | xiv | ||
| 2. Developing urban water district | xiv | ||
| 3. Innovation on appropriate technologies and waste minimization | xiv | ||
| 4. Partnership and empowerment | xv | ||
| References | xv | ||
| Section 1: Environmental ecological management | xvi | ||
| Biodiversity and Fisheries in the Mekong River Basin | xviii | ||
| 1. Introduction | xviii | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | xix | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | xix | ||
| 3.1 Aquatic biodiversity in the Mekong | xix | ||
| 3.2 The fishery resource and its exploitation | xx | ||
| 3.3 The role of aquaculture | xxi | ||
| 3.4 Threats to aquatic biodiversity in the Mekong | xxii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | xxiii | ||
| 6. References | xxiv | ||
| Interactions between Water and Economic Development: the Phong Watershed Case Study, Thailand | xxvi | ||
| 1. Introduction | xxvi | ||
| 2. General background | xxvii | ||
| 2.1 The northeast economy | xxvii | ||
| 2.2 Land use in the Phong watershed | xxviii | ||
| 3. Problems identification and discussion | xxix | ||
| 3.1 Water resources development as a strategy for a regional economic development | xxix | ||
| 3.2 Consequences of economic development | xxxii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | xxxii | ||
| 5. References | xxxii | ||
| Development on Expert-Database for Upper Part of the Citarum River Pollution Control | xxxiv | ||
| 1. Introduction | xxxiv | ||
| 2. Database structure | xxxv | ||
| 3. Query setting for river pollution control | xxxviii | ||
| 4. Knowledge representation | xxxix | ||
| 5. Conclusions | xli | ||
| 6. References | xli | ||
| Estimation of Downstream Environmental Control Discharges using Artificial Neural Networks | xlii | ||
| 1. Introduction | xlii | ||
| 2. Study area | xliv | ||
| 3. Theoretical consideration | xlv | ||
| 4. Model calibration and verification | xlvi | ||
| 5. Conclusions | xlviii | ||
| 6. References | xlix | ||
| Seasonal Relationship between Flow and Pollutant Concentration in Upper Part of Citarum River | l | ||
| 1. Introduction | l | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | li | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | lii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | lvi | ||
| 5. References | lvi | ||
| GIS Based Watershed Classification in Lao P.D.R. | lviii | ||
| 1. Introduction | lviii | ||
| 2. The watershed classification approach | lix | ||
| 3. The watershed classification methodology | lx | ||
| 4. Results | lxi | ||
| 5. Conclusions | lxiii | ||
| 7. References | lxv | ||
| Potential Contamination of Heavy Metals in Fish along Pong and Chi Rivers | lxvi | ||
| 1. Introduction | lxvi | ||
| 2. Study sites | lxvii | ||
| 3. Materials and methods | lxx | ||
| 3.1 Samples collection | lxx | ||
| 3.2 Preparation and analysis of samples | lxx | ||
| 4. Results and discussions | lxx | ||
| 5. Conclusions | lxxiv | ||
| 7. References | lxxiv | ||
| Environmental Issues and Constraints in Lake Management: a Case Study from India | lxxv | ||
| 1. Introduction | lxxv | ||
| 2. Study area and data source | lxxvi | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | lxxvi | ||
| 3.1 Effect of climate change and natural disasters on the lake | lxxvii | ||
| 3.2 Hydrology and sedimentation process in the lake | lxxviii | ||
| 3.3 Lake water quality, pollution and eutophication problems | lxxviii | ||
| 3.4 Biodiversity issues | lxxix | ||
| 3.5 Human dimension | lxxx | ||
| 3.6 Future needs and management plan | lxxx | ||
| 4. Conclusions | lxxxii | ||
| 6. References | lxxxii | ||
| Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems of Nepal: Balancing Water Uses and Environment Conservation for Sustaining Livelihood | lxxxiii | ||
| 1. Introduction | lxxxiii | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | lxxxiv | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | lxxxiv | ||
| 4. Conclusions | lxxxviii | ||
| 6. References | lxxxix | ||
| Study on the Reasonable Utilization of Transboundary Water Resources and Environmental Protection in Southwest China | xc | ||
| 1. Introduction | xc | ||
| 2. Strategic position of transboundary water resources in Southwest China | xci | ||
| 3. International challenges for utilization and conservation | xciii | ||
| 4. Major issues of sustainable utilization and regenerative maintenance | xciv | ||
| 4.1 Serious environmental impacts of human activities in mountainous area | xciv | ||
| 4.2 Ecosystem changed quickly by the interruption of infrastructure | xciv | ||
| 4.3 Worsening of soil erosion as a result of ecological degradation | xcv | ||
| 4.4 Increasing hazard of ecological degradation on large scale projects | xcvi | ||
| 5. Conclusions | xcvi | ||
| 7. References | xcvii | ||
| Water Vapor Estimates from Forests and Croplands to Study the Hydrological Balance and Generation of Ecosystem Services | xcix | ||
| 1. Introduction | xcix | ||
| 2. The study area | ci | ||
| 3. Methodology | ci | ||
| 4. Results and discussion | ciii | ||
| 5. Conclusion | cv | ||
| References | cvi | ||
| Impact of Pollution Sources on the Pong River Water Quality | cvii | ||
| 1. Introduction | cvii | ||
| 1.1 Study Area and Scope | cviii | ||
| 1.2 Pollution Sources | cx | ||
| 2. Results and discussion | cxii | ||
| 3. Conclusion | cxviii | ||
| References | cxix | ||
| Section 2: Dialogue between environmental science and policy making | cxx | ||
| Estimation of the Amount of Nitrate Originated from Nitrogenous Fertilizer in a Global River Model | cxxi | ||
| 1. Introduction | cxxi | ||
| 2. Distribution of nitrogenous fertilizer consumption | cxxii | ||
| 2.1 Cropland distribution data | cxxii | ||
| 2.2 Annual fertilizer consumption | cxxii | ||
| 2.3 Dividing into 12 months | cxxiii | ||
| 3. Estimation of nitrate leaching | cxxiv | ||
| 3.1 Nitrogen uptake | cxxiv | ||
| 3.2 Ammonia volatilization | cxxiv | ||
| 3.3 Nitrification | cxxiv | ||
| 3.4 Denitrification | cxxv | ||
| 3.5 Nitrate leaching | cxxv | ||
| 3.6 Result | cxxv | ||
| 4. Simulation of global nitrate discharge | cxxvi | ||
| 4.1 TRIP, Total Runoff Integrated Pathways | cxxvi | ||
| 4.2 Assumptions | cxxvi | ||
| 4.3 Result | cxxvii | ||
| 5. Conclusions | cxxvii | ||
| 6. References | cxxviii | ||
| Measurement of N2O Emission from Tropical Paddy Fields | cxxix | ||
| 1. Introduction | cxxix | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | cxxx | ||
| 3. Results and discussions | cxxxii | ||
| 3.1. The effect of inundation on N2O emission | cxxxii | ||
| 3.2 The ratio of N2O emission to the total denitrification N loss | cxxxiii | ||
| 3.3. Other factors affecting N2O emission | cxxxiv | ||
| 4. Conclusions | cxxxv | ||
| References | cxxxvi | ||
| A Scientific Approach for Allocating Water to Competing Sectors | cxxxvii | ||
| 1. Introduction | cxxxvii | ||
| 2. Model development | cxxxviii | ||
| 2.1 Conceptual framework | cxxxviii | ||
| 2.2 Optimization model | cxxxix | ||
| 2.3 Calculation of Net Economic Return | cxli | ||
| 2.4 Input data requirement | cxli | ||
| 3. Model application | cxli | ||
| 4. Results and discussion | cxlii | ||
| 5. Conclusions | cxliv | ||
| References | cxliv | ||
| 1. Introduction | cxlv | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | cxlvi | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | cxlvii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | cli | ||
| 5. References | clii | ||
| Technical Inefficiency in Intensive Fish Cage Production: the Importance of Understanding the Sources of Interdependencies in | cliv | ||
| 1. Introduction | cliv | ||
| 2. The Taal lake environment and the fish cage industry | clv | ||
| 3. Research methods | clvii | ||
| 4. Results and discussion | clviii | ||
| 5. Conclusions | clx | ||
| 6. References | clx | ||
| How Good Intentions Turned Sour? | clxii | ||
| 1. Introduction | clxii | ||
| 2. Good intentions of the water provision policy | clxiii | ||
| 3. The initial detection of a hitherto unknown symptom | clxiii | ||
| 4. The global distribution of fluoride deposits | clxiv | ||
| 5. Fluorosis: medically speaking | clxv | ||
| 6. The problem of the safety limit of fluoride in water | clxvi | ||
| 7. What is to be done? | clxvii | ||
| 8. References | clxix | ||
| Section 3: Emerging issues and environmental technologies | clxxi | ||
| Treatment of Textile Wastewater by a Combination of Anaerobic and Aerobic Processes: A Denim Processing Plant Case | clxxii | ||
| 1. Introduction | clxxii | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | clxxiii | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | clxxv | ||
| 4. Conclusions | clxxvii | ||
| References | clxxviii | ||
| Impacts of Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture and Aquaculture in Hanoi, Vietnam | clxxx | ||
| 1. Introduction | clxxx | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | clxxxi | ||
| 3. Results | clxxxii | ||
| 4. Discussion | clxxxiv | ||
| 5. Conclusions and Recommendations | clxxxvi | ||
| References | clxxxvii | ||
| Water Reused in Dairy Milk Factories by Clean Technology Approaches | clxxxviii | ||
| 1. Introduction | clxxxviii | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | clxxxix | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | cxc | ||
| 4. Conclusions | cxcii | ||
| 5. Acknowledgement | cxciii | ||
| 6. References | cxciii | ||
| Use of Wastewater from Intensive Hybrid Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x C. gariepnus) Pond Culture as Fertilizer for Rice Crop | cxciv | ||
| 1. Introduction | cxciv | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | cxcv | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | cxcvi | ||
| 4. Conclusions | cxcix | ||
| References | cxcix | ||
| Trihalomethane Species and NOM Parameters in the Water Supply of a small rural waterwork | ccii | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccii | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | cciii | ||
| 2.1 The selected small rural waterwork | cciii | ||
| 2.2 Water Treatment process of the selected small rural waterwork | cciii | ||
| 2.3 Analytical method, standard and instrument | cciv | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | cciv | ||
| 3.1 TTHMs and NOM parameters in raw water | cciv | ||
| 3.2 TTHMs and NOM parameters in the produced water supply | ccv | ||
| 3.3 Correlation between TTHMs and NOM parameters in the produced water supply | ccvi | ||
| 3.4 TTHMs species in the produced water supply | ccvii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | ccviii | ||
| Combination of Chemical Precipitation and Upflow Anaerobic Floating Filter for Piggery Wastewater Treatment | ccx | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccx | ||
| 2. Materials and experimental methods | ccxi | ||
| 2.1. Chemical Precipitation (CP) | ccxii | ||
| 2.2. Upflow Anaerobic Floating Filter (UAFF) | ccxii | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | ccxiv | ||
| 3.1. Organics and Nutrients Removal | ccxiv | ||
| 3.2. Variation of pH and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) | ccxv | ||
| 3.3. Biogas Generation | ccxv | ||
| 4. Conclusions | ccxvi | ||
| 5. References | ccxvii | ||
| Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater and Selected Removal Technologies for Rural Isolated Communities in Bangladesh | ccxviii | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccxviii | ||
| 2. Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater | ccxix | ||
| 3. Health Effect | ccxx | ||
| 4. Arsenic Removal Technologies Used in Bangladesh | ccxxii | ||
| 4.1 Passive sedimentation | ccxxii | ||
| 4.2 Solar oxidation | ccxxii | ||
| 4.3 Arsenic and iron removal plants (AIRP) | ccxxiii | ||
| 4.4 Bucket treatment unit | ccxxiii | ||
| 4.5 Pitcher treatment | ccxxiii | ||
| 4.6 Activated alumia | ccxxiv | ||
| 4.7 Membrane technique | ccxxiv | ||
| 4.8 Other arsenic removal technologies | ccxxiv | ||
| 5. Conclusions | ccxxiv | ||
| 6. References | ccxxv | ||
| Various Treatment Technologies to Remove Arsenic and Mercury from Contaminated Groundwater: An Overview | ccxxvii | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccxxvii | ||
| 2. Various Technologies for Heavy Metal Removal from Contaminated Groundwater | ccxxix | ||
| 2.1 Chemical precipitation | ccxxix | ||
| 2.2 Coagulation | ccxxix | ||
| 2.3 Filtration | ccxxx | ||
| 2.4 Reverse osmosis (RO) | ccxxx | ||
| 2.5 Ion Exchange | ccxxxi | ||
| 2.6 Adsorption | ccxxxii | ||
| 3. Concluding remarks | ccxxxiii | ||
| Investigations on the Status of Arsenic Contamination in Southern Thailand | ccxxxvi | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccxxxvi | ||
| 2. Background Information | ccxxxvii | ||
| 3. Methods | ccxxxviii | ||
| Field Test Kit | ccxxxviii | ||
| 4. Description of the Study Area | ccxxxix | ||
| 5. Results and Discussions | ccxli | ||
| 6. Conclusions | ccxlii | ||
| References | ccxliii | ||
| Assessment of Combined Sewer Overflow impacts on receiving water: A case study of Bangkok | ccxlv | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccxlv | ||
| 2. Study Area and Monitoring Methods | ccxlvi | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | ccxlviii | ||
| 4. Conclusions and Recommendations | ccli | ||
| References | cclii | ||
| The Distribution of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Bisphenol A and Alkylphenols in Water Environments around Bangkok | ccliii | ||
| 1. Introduction | ccliii | ||
| 2. Materials and methods | ccliv | ||
| 3. Results and discussion | cclvi | ||
| 3.1 Detection Limits and Quantification Limits | cclvi | ||
| 3.2 Recovery | cclvi | ||
| 3.3 Contamination levels of target EDCs in selected water bodies | cclvi | ||
| 3.4 Purity checking of peaks observed by GC/MS | cclvii | ||
| 3.5 Possibility of the risk of estrogenic effects | cclviii | ||
| Conclusions | cclix | ||
| References | cclix | ||
| Nutrient Budget Analysis and Its Implications as an Indicator of Urban Sustainability: A Case Study on Hanoi, Vietnam | cclxi | ||
| 1. Introduction | cclxi | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | cclxii | ||
| Hanoi Citadel | cclxii | ||
| Nutrient Budget Analysis | cclxii | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | cclxiii | ||
| 4. Conclusions | cclxvii | ||
| 6. References | cclxviii | ||
| Keyword index | cclxx |