BOOK
Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management
Per-Arne Malmqvist | G. Heinicke | E. Korrman | T. A. Stenstrom | G. Svensson
(2006)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The strategic planning of urban water systems is a complex task. The Urban Water programme covered projects from various disciplines at 9 Swedish Universities, from 1999 to 2006. The projects developed a "toolbox" for strategic planning of drinking-, waste- and stormwater management, covering aspects such as the environment, health and hygiene, financing, organisation, households, and technical function. Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management synthesises the results and presents a comprehensive approach, which includes not only the technical, economic and environmental aspects, but also the challenges of institutional capacity and public participation in the planning process. Furthermore, the experience from a number of case studies are summarised and can offer readers inspiration for their own planning situations.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | v | ||
| Acronyms and Abbreviations | xiv | ||
| 1.0 Urban water in context | xvii | ||
| 1.1\tTHE CHALLENGE | xvii | ||
| 1.2\tURBAN WATER IN A NUTSHELL | xx | ||
| 1.2.1\tThe urban water toolbox | xxii | ||
| Substance flow analysis | xxiii | ||
| Microbial risk assessment (MRA) | xxiii | ||
| Chemical risk assessment (CRA) | xxiv | ||
| Economic factors | xxiv | ||
| Organisation | xxiv | ||
| Households | xxv | ||
| 1.2.2\tUsing the tools | xxv | ||
| 1.3\tURBAN WATER IN PRACTICE | xxvi | ||
| 1.3.1\tStrategic questions | xxvi | ||
| Should water and sanitation be decentralised in peri-urban areas? | xxvi | ||
| Wastewater systems: sorting or conventional? | xxvi | ||
| Will new drinking water treatment be more secure or sustainable? | xxvii | ||
| Are open stormwater solutions an option? | xxvii | ||
| Can compounds in sewage sludge be beneficially used? | xxvii | ||
| How can the recycling of solid organic waste be integrated? | xxvii | ||
| 1.3.2\tStrategic planning | xxviii | ||
| Participation in the planning process | xxviii | ||
| Defining problems, options and potential strategies | xxix | ||
| Thematic and systemic knowledge | xxx | ||
| Evaluation of potential strategies | xxxi | ||
| Decision-making and commitment | xxxi | ||
| 1.3.3\tSystems analysis in practice: the Göteborg case | xxxi | ||
| Stakeholders and organisation | xxxii | ||
| Project plan | xxxii | ||
| Driving forces | xxxii | ||
| Scenarios | xxxiii | ||
| Criteria for sustainability | xxxiii | ||
| Designing strategic options | xxxiv | ||
| Comparing strategic options | xxxvi | ||
| Experience so far | xxxvii | ||
| 2.0 Assessment: environment and natural resources | xxxviii | ||
| 2.1\tURWARE: A MODEL FOR SUBSTANCE FLOW ANALYSIS | xxxviii | ||
| 2.1.1\tGeneral description of the URban WAter REsearch model (URWARE) | xxxviii | ||
| 2.1.2\tData needed | xlii | ||
| 2.1.2\tPresentation of results | xliv | ||
| 2.1.4\tInterpretation of the results | xlvi | ||
| 2.1.5\tModel status and availability | xlvii | ||
| 2.2\tSEWSYS: A DYNAMIC POLLUTION LOAD MODEL | xlvii | ||
| 2.2.1\tTool description | xlviii | ||
| 2.2.2\tData need | l | ||
| 2.2.3\tUsing the tool | li | ||
| 2.2.4\tPresentation of results | liii | ||
| 2.2.5\tInterpretation of the results | liv | ||
| 2.2.6\tModel status and availability | lviii | ||
| 2.2.7\tFurther reading | lviii | ||
| 3.0 Assessment: hygiene and health | lix | ||
| 3.1\tMICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT (MRA) TOOL TO AID IN THE SELECTION OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER SYSTEMS | lix | ||
| 3.1.1\tMRA tool description | lx | ||
| 3.1.2\tData need and pathogen data sources | lxiii | ||
| 3.1.3\tUsing the tool | lxvi | ||
| System Structures | lxvi | ||
| MRA Tool screens | lxvi | ||
| 3.1.4\tPresentation of the results | lxix | ||
| 3.1.5\tModel status and availability | lxx | ||
| 3.2\tCHIAT: CHEMICAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR SELECTION OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS | lxxi | ||
| 3.2.1\tMethodology | lxxii | ||
| Source characterisation | lxxiii | ||
| Recipient, receptor and criteria identification | lxxiv | ||
| Hazard and problem identification | lxxvi | ||
| Hazard assessment | lxxvii | ||
| Expert judgement | lxxvii | ||
| 3.2.2 Two examples: greywater and stormwater | lxxviii | ||
| Source characterisation | lxxviii | ||
| Recipient, receptor and criteria identification | lxxix | ||
| Hazard and problem identification | lxxix | ||
| Hazard assessment | lxxix | ||
| Expert judgement | lxxx | ||
| 3.2.3\tTool status and availability | lxxxii | ||
| 3.3\tBARRIERS TO PREVENT HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN WASTEWATER SYSTEMS | lxxxiii | ||
| 3.3.1\tTools for management of hazardous substances in wastewater systems | lxxxv | ||
| 3.3.2\tA barriers approach | lxxxvii | ||
| Organisational Barriers | lxxxvii | ||
| Behavioural Barriers | lxxxix | ||
| System Barriers | lxxxix | ||
| Technical or Process Barriers | lxxxix | ||
| Optional Recipients | xciii | ||
| The combined barrier effect | xciv | ||
| 4.0 Assessment: economy | xcvii | ||
| 4.1\tBUSINESS ECONOMICS | xcvii | ||
| 4.1.1\tBackground | xcviii | ||
| 4.1.2\tTool description | c | ||
| 4.1.3\tData need | cii | ||
| 4.1.4\tUsing the tool | ciii | ||
| The cost calculation database | ciii | ||
| Example of a CER: The conventional wastewater treatment plant | civ | ||
| 4.1.5\tPresentation of results | civ | ||
| 4.1.6\tDiscussion | cv | ||
| 4.1.7\tModel status and availability | cvi | ||
| 4.2\tSOCIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS | cvii | ||
| 4.2.1\tFull economic costs | cvii | ||
| 4.2.2\tCost benefit analysis | cix | ||
| 4.2.3\tEconomists viewpoint on sustainable urban water management | cxi | ||
| 4.2.4\tIndicators | cxii | ||
| 4.2.5\tScales | cxiv | ||
| 5.0 Assessment: sociocultural aspects | cxvi | ||
| 5.1\tINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY: THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION | cxvi | ||
| 5.1.1\tThe criteria | cxvii | ||
| The presence of policy entrepreneurs: initiators and implementers | cxviii | ||
| Sphere of action: Legislative and political support | cxviii | ||
| The value coalition between crucial actors: A shared world view, problems and goals | cxix | ||
| Access to resources such as knowledge and money | cxix | ||
| Explicit division of responsibilities and risks among actors | cxix | ||
| Arena for participation and conflict management | cxx | ||
| Communication with users | cxx | ||
| How to use the criteria | cxxi | ||
| 5.1.2\tExperience in using the criteria | cxxi | ||
| The case of a small town: Surahammar | cxxii | ||
| Integrated planning in Uppsala | cxxii | ||
| Kullön, Vaxholm municipality | cxxiii | ||
| 5.1.3\tGraphical support tools | cxxiii | ||
| 5.2\tHOUSEHOLD PERSPECTIVES IN MANAGING SUSTAINABLE CITIES | cxxviii | ||
| 5.2.1\tIntroduction: the road to where we are now | cxxviii | ||
| 5.2.2\tHouseholds as partners | cxxix | ||
| 5.2.3\tBuilt-in measures to improve sustainability | cxxxi | ||
| 5.2.4\tThe time has come for adjustments of household routines | cxxxiii | ||
| 5.2.5\tInformation activities | cxxxvi | ||
| 5.2.6\tRecommendations for planning improved sustainability | cxxxvii | ||
| 6.0 Assessment: technical function | cxxxix | ||
| 6.1 THE DRINKING WATER SYSTEM | cxl | ||
| 6.2\tTHE WASTEWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM | cxlii | ||
| 6.3\tTECHNICAL FUNCTION FOR FUTURE SYSTEMS | cxlv | ||
| 7.0 Drinking water treatment and supply | cxlvii | ||
| 7.1\tINTRODUCTION | cxlvii | ||
| 7.2\tSUSTAINABLE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT | cxlix | ||
| 7.3. INVESTIGATIONS OF PROCESS COMBINATIONS FOR SURFACE WATER TREATMENT | cli | ||
| 7.3.1\tBiological pre-filtration | clii | ||
| 7.3.2\tConventional coagulation treatment | cliv | ||
| 7.3.3\tNanofiltration | clvi | ||
| 7.4\tBIOFILM IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY DISINFECTANTS | clvii | ||
| 7.5\tMICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT | clviii | ||
| 7.6\tCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | clx | ||
| 8.0 Integration of complex knowledge | clxii | ||
| 8.1\tINTRODUCTION | clxii | ||
| 8.1.1\tMulti-Criteria decision aids | clxiii | ||
| 8.1.2\tParticipation, by whom, when and why? | clxiv | ||
| 8.2\tA COMPARISON OF SIX CASE STUDIES | clxv | ||
| 8.2.1\tUrban water in Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm (REGIME) | clxvi | ||
| 8.2.2\tSewage water and organic waste management in Surahammar (NAIADE) | clxvi | ||
| 8.2.3\tSnow management in Sundsvall (NAIADE) | clxvi | ||
| 8.2.4\tStorm water in Vasastan, Göteborg (NAIADE) | clxvi | ||
| 8.2.5\tPeri-urban water in Sandviken, Södertälje (STRAD) | clxvii | ||
| 8.2.6\tSewage water in Uppsala (STRAD) | clxvii | ||
| 8.3\tRESULTS FROM THE CASE STUDIES | clxviii | ||
| 8.3.1\tREGIME | clxviii | ||
| Symmetry of knowledge | clxviii | ||
| Heterogeneity and pluralism | clxviii | ||
| Functionality and ease of use | clxix | ||
| Transparency and trust | clxix | ||
| Participation in practice | clxix | ||
| 8.3.2\tNAIADE | clxix | ||
| Symmetry of knowledge | clxix | ||
| Heterogeneity and pluralism | clxx | ||
| Functionality and ease of use | clxxi | ||
| Transparency and trust | clxxi | ||
| Participation in practice | clxxi | ||
| 8.3.3\tSTRAD | clxxii | ||
| Symmetry of knowledge | clxxii | ||
| Heterogeneity and pluralism | clxxii | ||
| Functionality and ease of use | clxxiii | ||
| Transparency and trust | clxxiv | ||
| Participation in practice | clxxiv | ||
| 8.4\tDISCUSSION | clxxiv | ||
| 8.4.1\tSymmetrical management of different kinds of knowledge | clxxiv | ||
| 8.4.2\tManagement of heterogeneity, pluralism and conflict | clxxv | ||
| 8.4.3\tFunctionality and ease of use | clxxv | ||
| 8.4.4\tTransparency and trust | clxxv | ||
| 8.4.5\tParticipation in practice | clxxv | ||
| 8.5\tRECOMMENDATIONS | clxxvi | ||
| 9.0 Experience from five urban water model city projects | clxxvii | ||
| 9.1\tA NEW CITY DISTRICT: HAMMARBY SJÖSTAD | clxxvii | ||
| 9.1.1\tWater systems studied | clxxix | ||
| Drinking water system | clxxix | ||
| System structure 1: Combined system with centralised treatment of stormwater and wastewater | clxxix | ||
| System structure 2A: Blackwater and urine diverting system with food waste disposers | clxxx | ||
| System structure 2B: Blackwater system with food waste disposers and reverse osmosis | clxxxi | ||
| System structure 3: Local treatment with nutrient recovery | clxxxii | ||
| 9.1.2\tSystem analysis | clxxxiii | ||
| Hygiene and microbial risks | clxxxiii | ||
| Environmental effects and resource consumption | clxxxvi | ||
| Chemical risks | clxxxvi | ||
| Economy | clxxxvii | ||
| Social aspects | clxxxvii | ||
| Organisational and institutional criteria | clxxxviii | ||
| Technical function and technical risks | clxxxix | ||
| 9.1.3\tSyntheses of the results | clxxxix | ||
| 9.2\tA SMALL TOWN: SURAHAMMAR | clxxxix | ||
| 9.2.1\tDescription of the area and the systems studied | clxxxix | ||
| 9.2.2\tInvestigations and systems analysis | cxcii | ||
| The MCDA process | cxciii | ||
| 9.2.3\tResults of the system comparisons | cxciii | ||
| Shaping and designing mode: Selection of criteria | cxciii | ||
| Comparing mode: Analysis of the system alternatives | cxciv | ||
| Choosing mode: Assessment and comparisons | cxcvi | ||
| 9.2.4\tLessons learnt | cxcvii | ||
| 9.2.5\tOther Surahammar projects | cxcvii | ||
| An assessment of hazardous flows | cxcvii | ||
| Wastewater Management Integrated with Farming | cxcviii | ||
| Sustainable development and urban water management: Linking theory and practice of economic criteria | cxcviii | ||
| 9.3\tA CITY CENTRE: VASASTADEN IN GÖTEBORG | cxcix | ||
| 9.3.1\tThe Vasastaden catchment | cxcix | ||
| 9.3.2\tSystem Alternatives | cci | ||
| The existing sewer system | cci | ||
| A separate sewer system | cci | ||
| A separate sewer system with source control and treatment | cci | ||
| The present system complemented with blackwater handling | ccii | ||
| 9.3.3\tSubstance flows in Vasastaden | ccii | ||
| 9.3.4\tEnvironmental aspects | cciv | ||
| 9.3.5 Risks and system robustness | ccv | ||
| 9.3.6 Economy | ccvi | ||
| 9.3.7 Management options | ccvii | ||
| 9.3.8 Discussion, and concluding remarks | ccix | ||
| 9.4\tURBAN ENCLAVES: GEBERS AND VIBYÅSEN | ccx | ||
| 9.4.1\tGebers | ccx | ||
| 9.4.2\tVibyåsen | ccxii | ||
| 9.4.3\tSystem structures studied | ccxiii | ||
| Hygiene and microbial risks | ccxvi | ||
| Environment | ccxvi | ||
| Chemical risks | ccxviii | ||
| Household aspects and technical function | ccxix | ||
| 9.4.4\tSyntheses | ccxxi | ||
| Responsibility and organisation | ccxxi | ||
| Comfort, function and information | ccxxi | ||
| City planning and architecture | ccxxii | ||
| 9.4.5\tConclusions | ccxxiii | ||
| 9.5 INTEGRATED PLANNING IN THE CITY OF UPPSALA | ccxxiii | ||
| 9.5.1\tDescription of the area and the systems studied | ccxxiii | ||
| Alternative 1: No recycling of nutrients, sludge as “construction soil | ccxxv | ||
| Alternative 2: Capture of nutrients at the source by urine separation | ccxxv | ||
| Alternative 3: Direct reuse of sewage sludge in agriculture | ccxxvi | ||
| Alternative 4: Capture of nutrients at the WWTP by supercritical water oxidation | ccxxvii | ||
| 9.5.2 Investigations and systems analysis | ccxxvii | ||
| The internal report | ccxxviii | ||
| A multi-criteria decision support process | ccxxxi | ||
| 9.5.3\tResults: Comparisons of the systems studied | ccxxxi | ||
| 9.5.4\tLessons learnt | ccxxxiii | ||
| 9.5.5\tSystems analysis of stormwater management | ccxxxiv | ||
| 10.0 Literature | ccxxxv | ||
| 10.1\tURBAN WATER REPORTS | ccxxxv | ||
| Urban Water reports in English language. | ccxxxvi | ||
| 10.2\tPh.D. THESES | ccxxxvii | ||
| Biofilms and microbial barriers in drinking water treatment and distribution | ccxxxvii | ||
| Hazardous Substances in Wastewater Management | ccxxxix | ||
| Microbial risk assessment and its implications for risk management in urban water systems | ccxli | ||
| Biological Pre-filtration and Surface Water Treatment – Microbial barrier function and removal of natural inorganic and organic compounds | ccxlii | ||
| Beneficial use of storm water – Opportunities for urban renewal and water conservation | ccxliii | ||
| Matter that matters. A study of household routines in a process of changing water and sanitation arrangements | ccxliv | ||
| Treatment of domestic wastewater using microbiological processes and hydroponics in Sweden | ccxlv | ||
| Sustainable Development and Urban Water management – Linking theory and practice of economic criteria | ccxlvii | ||
| Comparative analysis of pathogen occurrence in wastewater | ccxlviii | ||
| Phosphorus release and recovery from treated sewage sludge | ccxlix | ||
| Modelling and control of bilinear systems. Application to the activated sludge process | ccl | ||
| Biofilms in Drinking Water Treatment Biofiltration:\x0BMembrane Fouling and Regrowth Potential | ccli | ||
| Phosphorus removal from wastewater with microalgae | ccliii | ||
| Modelling of Substance Flows in Urban Drainage Systems | ccliv | ||
| Integrating farming and wastewater management– a systems perspective | cclv | ||
| 10.3\tREFERENCES | cclvii | ||
| Index | cclxxi |