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Book Details
Abstract
Watershed management is an integrated approach that evaluates system-wide implications of natural resource problems. It has received considerable attention among communities and resource managers as an appropriate approach to deal with complex problems. Problem-solving is an important aspect of watersheds that involves diagnosis, assessment, solution, and implementation issues that often mean processing an enormous amount of information. A typical problem requires compilation of information from a variety of sources and is time consuming. This book will use a problem-based approach to present information on each problem facing watersheds. The subject area derives from a variety of disciplines and experiences and is presented clear and systematically throughout for easy reading and understanding. The problems covered in the book are major ones facing watersheds through the globe. The first chapter introduces principles of watershed management and is followed by chapters that are problem specific. Each problem is dealt with systematically with introduction, analysis, strategies, and further references. Watershed Management provides a valuable reference to professionals, students, scientists, and common citizens who are interested in learning about the variety of problems and approaches in watershed management.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 Introduction: Watershed Basics | 14 | ||
| 1.1 WATERSHED: DEFINITION and DELINEATION | 14 | ||
| 1.1.1 What are watersheds? | 14 | ||
| 1.1.2 Watershed Delineation | 16 | ||
| 1.2 WATERSHED APPROACH | 18 | ||
| 1.3 HYDROLOGIC CYCLE | 20 | ||
| 1.4 WATERSHED COMPONENTS | 22 | ||
| 1.5 WATER BUDGET | 24 | ||
| 1.6 WATERSHED ASSESSMENT | 25 | ||
| 1.7 WATERSHED PLANNING | 26 | ||
| 1.8 WATERSHED AS A MANAGEMENT UNIT | 28 | ||
| 1.9 WATERSHED RESTORATION | 29 | ||
| 1.10 ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES – A SPECIFIC CASE | 31 | ||
| 1.11 THE U.S. CLEAN WATER ACT | 33 | ||
| 1.12 TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD | 34 | ||
| 1.13 PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR WATERSHED INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN | 34 | ||
| SUGGESTED READING | 36 | ||
| 2.0 Land Use and Water Quality Issues | 38 | ||
| 2.1 LAND USE IMPACTS ON WATERSHEDS | 38 | ||
| 2.1.1 Residential Activities | 39 | ||
| 2.1.1.1 Septic Systems | 39 | ||
| 2.1.1.2 Toxic Chemicals and Hazardous Materials | 42 | ||
| 2.1.1.3 Pesticides | 44 | ||
| 2.1.1.4 Lawn and Garden Fertilizers | 45 | ||
| 2.1.1.5 Excessive Water Use | 47 | ||
| 2.1.2 Municipal Sources | 49 | ||
| 2.1.2.1 Stormwater | 49 | ||
| 2.1.2.2 Wastewater | 53 | ||
| 2.1.2.3 Imperviousness | 55 | ||
| 2.1.2.4 Contamination from Metals and Hydrocarbons | 58 | ||
| 2.1.2.5 Petroleum Storage and Spills | 59 | ||
| 2.1.2.6 Brownfields | 61 | ||
| 2.1.2.7 Landfills | 62 | ||
| 2.1.2.8 Industrial Pollution | 64 | ||
| 2.1.2.9 Excessive Groundwater Use (Regional) | 66 | ||
| 2.1.2.10 Right of Way (R.O.W.) Maintenance | 68 | ||
| 2.1.3 Construction | 69 | ||
| 2.1.3.1 Erosion and Sedimentation | 69 | ||
| 2.1.3.2 Chemical, Petroleum and Hazardous Waste Spills | 70 | ||
| 2.1.4 Mining Operations | 71 | ||
| 2.1.5 Agriculture | 73 | ||
| 2.1.5.1 Animal Wastes | 74 | ||
| 2.1.5.2 Livestock Effects on Riparian Areas | 76 | ||
| 2.1.5.3 Crop Production | 77 | ||
| 2.1.6 Forestry Practices | 80 | ||
| 2.1.6.1 Road Construction and Skidder Trails | 80 | ||
| 2.1.6.2 Petroleum Spills | 81 | ||
| 2.1.6.3 Pesticides | 82 | ||
| 2.1.6.4 Forest Harvesting Techniques | 84 | ||
| 2.1.6.5 Invasive Species | 85 | ||
| 2.1.7 Recreation | 86 | ||
| 2.1.7.1 Marinas and Boating | 87 | ||
| 2.1.7.2 Trail Use | 90 | ||
| 3.0 Inland Water Bodies | 94 | ||
| 3.1 RIVERS AND STREAMS | 95 | ||
| 3.1.1 Riparian Systems | 95 | ||
| 3.1.2 Large Woody Debris and Large Organic Debris | 97 | ||
| 3.1.3 Invasive Species | 98 | ||
| 3.2 LAKES AND PONDS | 99 | ||
| 3.2.1 Eutrophication | 99 | ||
| 3.3 WETLANDS AND VERNAL POOLS | 101 | ||
| 3.3.1 Drainage, Filling, and Alteration | 102 | ||
| 4.0 Coastal Watersheds | 105 | ||
| 4.1 HABITAT ALTERATION | 106 | ||
| 4.2 COASTAL SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND SHORELINE STABILITY | 107 | ||
| 4.3 SHALLOW EMBAYMENTS | 108 | ||
| 4.4 DEVELOPMENT AND SPRAWL | 109 | ||
| 4.5 SEDIMENT LOADING | 110 | ||
| 4.6 NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON MARINE LIFE | 111 | ||
| 4.7 BEACH CLOSURES | 113 | ||
| 4.8 MARINAS AND BOATING | 114 | ||
| 4.9 OIL POLLUTION | 117 | ||
| 5.0 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health | 119 | ||
| 5.1 LANDSCAPE EFFECTS | 120 | ||
| 5.1.1 Landscape Transformation | 120 | ||
| 5.1.2 Natural Disturbances | 124 | ||
| 5.2 LANDSCAPE PLANNING | 125 | ||
| 5.2.1 Planning Landscape Components | 125 | ||
| 5.2.2 Stream Corridor Management | 127 | ||
| 5.2.3 Open Space Protection | 130 | ||
| SUGGESTED READING | 131 | ||
| 6.0 Water Assessment: Quality and Quantity | 132 | ||
| 6.1 WATER QUALITY MONITORING | 132 | ||
| 6.1.1 Temperature | 132 | ||
| 6.1.2 pH | 133 | ||
| 6.1.3 Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand | 134 | ||
| 6.1.4 Nutrients | 134 | ||
| 6.1.5 Pathogens | 135 | ||
| 6.1.6 Turbidity | 136 | ||
| 6.2 BIOLOGICAL MONITORING METHODS | 137 | ||
| 6.2.1 Species Indicators | 138 | ||
| 6.2.1.1 Aquatic Species Indicators | 138 | ||
| 6.2.2 Biological Integrity | 140 | ||
| 6.2.3 Habitat Index | 142 | ||
| 6.2.4 Land Use Index | 142 | ||
| 6.3 WATER QUANTITY | 143 | ||
| 6.3.1 Water Resource Assessment | 144 | ||
| 6.3.2 Hydrograph | 144 | ||
| 6.3.3 Habit Curve | 146 | ||
| 6.3.4 Water Yield | 146 | ||
| SUGGESTED READING | 148 | ||
| References | 150 | ||
| Glossary | 157 | ||
| Index | 159 |