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Book Details
Abstract
Among animal wastes, piggery waste is the most troublesome. Pig production industries have been growing as the demand for pork meat has increased, and as a result the waste management problem of piggery waste will become more serious in the future. The land receiving the piggery wastes has already become over saturated with Nitrogen and Phosphorus in many countries and the solution to the waste problem is further complicated as the land area utilised for disposal becomes restricted.
This book identifies and characterises the key issues involved in dealing with the management of piggery waste and provides recommendations on sustainable treatment regimes. All the technologies available for the treatment of piggery waste are reviewed, including conventional and emerging technologies from composting and anaerobic digestion to nitrate nitrification and denitrification, Anammox, advanced oxidation, adsorption and membrane technologies. Design procedures for biological nitrogen removal are introduced together with temperature effects. Phosphorus removal characteristics as struvite and other biological forms are also reviewed. Integrated treatment schemes are discussed to build an understanding of the systems to achieve sustainable piggery waste management. Examples of integrated systems are presented, including recent modification of lagoon systems in the US; performances of energy recovery systems in Europe; wastewater treatment systems in Korea with limited land area as well as tropical experiences in Singapore and Malaysia.
This work will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with the research and practice of animal waste treatment. Practising engineers can use this work for planning, design and operation of treatment plants and it will also be suitable as a reference for policy makers and planners.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | vi | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Chapter 1. Introduction | 1 | ||
| References | 6 | ||
| Chapter 2. Food and waste characteristics | 7 | ||
| 2.1 Life cycle of pig | 7 | ||
| 2.2 Food for pigs (Diet for pigs) | 9 | ||
| 2.3 Waste discharge from pig farms (pig houses) | 11 | ||
| References | 20 | ||
| Chapter 3. Solid separation and overall management system | 22 | ||
| 3.1 Treatment of animal waste | 24 | ||
| 3.2 Settling and digestion | 24 | ||
| 3.3 Mechanical separators | 24 | ||
| 3.4 Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) | 24 | ||
| References | 30 | ||
| Chapter 4. Recycling technology | 31 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 31 | ||
| 4.2 Stabilization technologies applied to piggery waste for animal agriculture | 34 | ||
| 4.3 Composting | 43 | ||
| 4.3.1 Retention time | 47 | ||
| 4.3.2 Aeration requirement | 47 | ||
| 4.3.3 Applicable standards | 48 | ||
| 4.4 Anaerobic treatment | 50 | ||
| 4.4.1 Anaerobic treatment fundamentals | 50 | ||
| 4.4.2 Bioliquid from anaerobic storage | 51 | ||
| 4.4.3 Lagoons | 53 | ||
| 4.4.4 Covered and heated anaerobic digestion | 53 | ||
| 4.5 Thermophilic aerobic digestion | 55 | ||
| 4.5.1 COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies | 55 | ||
| 4.5.2 Small installations | 58 | ||
| 4.5.3 Expected reactor temperature | 60 | ||
| 4.6 Duckweed and fish ponds | 62 | ||
| 4.7 Struvite | 66 | ||
| 4.7.1 Reaction time and pH | 67 | ||
| 4.7.2 Molar ratio | 68 | ||
| 4.7.3 Seeding | 69 | ||
| 4.7.4 Composition of precipitates | 70 | ||
| 4.8 Direct urine reuse | 70 | ||
| References | 71 | ||
| Chapter 5. Nutrient removal | 76 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 76 | ||
| 5.2 Nitrogen removal processes | 77 | ||
| 5.2.1 Nitrification | 78 | ||
| 5.2.2 Denitrification | 87 | ||
| 5.2.3 N2O emission | 96 | ||
| 5.2.4 Nitrification and denitrification model | 97 | ||
| 5.3 Kinetic model applied for nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater | 99 | ||
| 5.4 ANAMMOX process | 102 | ||
| 5.5 Phosphorus removal in BNR system | 105 | ||
| References | 108 | ||
| Chapter 6. Post treatment | 111 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 111 | ||
| 6.2 Chemical coagulation | 115 | ||
| 6.3 Advanced oxidation processes | 115 | ||
| 6.3.1 Basic mechanism | 116 | ||
| 6.3.2 Degree of chemical oxidation | 119 | ||
| 6.3.3 Stoichiometry of chemical oxidation | 119 | ||
| 6.4 Application of advanced oxidation processes | 121 | ||
| 6.4.1 Fenton process (Fe2+/H2O2) | 121 | ||
| 6.4.2 Ozonation | 122 | ||
| 6.4.3 UV radiation | 122 | ||
| 6.4.4 Electrochemical destruction | 122 | ||
| 6.4.5 Oxidation of strong liquid | 123 | ||
| 6.5 Adsorption | 124 | ||
| 6.6 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) | 125 | ||
| 6.6.1 Application of membrane for piggery and kitchen waste treatment plant | 129 | ||
| 6.6.2 Piggery wastewater treatment plant in CW plant in Korea | 129 | ||
| 6.6.3 VSEP RO (vibrating shear extraction process Reverse osmosis) | 130 | ||
| References | 132 | ||
| Chapter 7. Integrated systems | 135 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 135 | ||
| 7.2 Manure based biogas plants (MBBP) | 136 | ||
| 7.3 Environmentally superior technologies (EST) | 141 | ||
| 7.3.1 Aerobic blanket system (ABS) technology | 142 | ||
| 7.3.2 Permeable cover system (PCS) technology | 143 | ||
| 7.3.3 Recycling of existing nutrient, energy and water (RENEW) | 144 | ||
| 7.3.4 High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) | 145 | ||
| 7.3.5 Biological aerated filter (BAF) system | 146 | ||
| 7.3.6 BEST biofuel system | 147 | ||
| 7.4 Korean practices with limited land | 150 | ||
| 7.4.1 Waste recycle systems for animal / agriculture uses | 152 | ||
| 7.4.2 Wastewater characteristics | 153 | ||
| 7.4.3 Wastewater treatment systems | 153 | ||
| 7.4.4 Evaluation of three full scale plants | 155 | ||
| 7.4.5 PJ plant | 158 | ||
| 7.4.6 Integrated Biogas Energy System (IBES) | 160 | ||
| 7.4.7 Pig apartment | 161 | ||
| 7.4.8 Pig house simulated to nature | 163 | ||
| 7.5 Tropical experiences | 164 | ||
| 7.5.1 Singapore experience | 164 | ||
| 7.5.2 Malaysian experience | 167 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| Index | 170 |