Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book covers the principles and practices of technologies for the control of pollution originating from organic wastes (e.g. human faeces and urine, wastewater, solid wastes, animal manure and agro-industrial wastes) and the recycling of these organic wastes into valuable products such as fertilizer, biofuels, algal and fish protein and irrigated crops.
Each recycling technology is described with respect to:
- Objectives
- Benefits and limitations
- Environmental requirements
- Design criteria of the process
- Use of the recycled products
- Public health aspects
- Organic Waste Recycling
- Includes case studies, examples, exercises and questions
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | vi | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Abbreviations and symbols | xii | ||
| Atomic weight and number of elements | xvii | ||
| Conversion factor for SI units | xx | ||
| 1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Problems and need for waste recycling | 1 | ||
| 1.2 Objectives and scope of organic waste recycling | 6 | ||
| 1.3 Integrated and alternative technologies | 9 | ||
| 1.4 Feasibility and social acceptance of waste recycling | 17 | ||
| 1.5 References | 19 | ||
| 1.6 Exercises | 20 | ||
| 2 Characteristics of organic wastes | 21 | ||
| 2.1 Human wastes | 22 | ||
| 2.2 Animal wastes | 28 | ||
| 2.3 Agro-industrial wastewaters | 30 | ||
| 2.4 Pollution caused by human wastes and other wastewaters | 54 | ||
| 2.5 Diseases associated with human and animal wastes | 57 | ||
| 2.6 Cleaner production (CP) | 72 | ||
| 2.7 References | 83 | ||
| 2.8 Exercises | 86 | ||
| 3 Composting | 88 | ||
| 3.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations of composting | 89 | ||
| 3.2 Biochemical reactions | 92 | ||
| 3.3 Biological succession | 95 | ||
| 3.4 Environmental requirements | 97 | ||
| 3.5 Composting maturity | 109 | ||
| 3.6 Composting systems and design criteria | 111 | ||
| 3.7 Public health aspects of composting | 129 | ||
| 3.8 Utilization of composted products | 134 | ||
| 3.9 References | 140 | ||
| 3.10 Exercises | 142 | ||
| 4 Biofuel production | 145 | ||
| 4.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations of biogas technology | 147 | ||
| 4.2 Biochemical reactions and microbiology of anaerobic digestion | 150 | ||
| 4.3 Environmental requirements for anaerobic digestion | 158 | ||
| 4.4 Modes of operation and types of biogas digesters | 162 | ||
| 4.5 Biogas production | 185 | ||
| 4.6 End uses of biogas and digested slurry | 199 | ||
| 4.7 Ethanol production | 207 | ||
| 4.8 References | 213 | ||
| 4.9 Exercises | 215 | ||
| 5 Algae production | 219 | ||
| 5.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations | 222 | ||
| 5.2 Algal production and high-rate algal ponds | 225 | ||
| 5.3 Algal harvesting technologies | 244 | ||
| 5.4 Utilization of waste-grown algae | 251 | ||
| 5.5 Public health aspects and public acceptance | 255 | ||
| 5.6 References | 257 | ||
| 5.7 Exercises | 259 | ||
| 6 Fish production | 262 | ||
| 6.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations | 263 | ||
| 6.2 Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores | 267 | ||
| 6.3 Biological food chains in waste-fed ponds | 269 | ||
| 6.4 Biochemical reactions in waste-fed ponds | 272 | ||
| 6.5 Environmental requirements and design criteria | 274 | ||
| 6.6 Utilization of waste-grown fish | 293 | ||
| 6.7 Public health aspects and public acceptance | 295 | ||
| 6.8 Chitin and chitosan production | 299 | ||
| 6.9 References | 302 | ||
| 6.10 Exercises | 305 | ||
| 7 Aquatic weeds and their utilization | 308 | ||
| 7.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations | 309 | ||
| 7.2 Major types and functions | 310 | ||
| 7.3 Weed composition | 313 | ||
| 7.4 Productivity and problems caused by aquatic weeds | 316 | ||
| 7.5 Harvesting, processing and uses | 321 | ||
| 7.6 Food potential | 330 | ||
| 7.7 Wastewater treatment using aquatic weeds | 338 | ||
| 7.8 Health hazards relating to aquatic weeds | 375 | ||
| 7.9 References | 376 | ||
| 7.10 Exercises | 379 | ||
| 8 Land treatment of wastewater | 383 | ||
| 8.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations | 383 | ||
| 8.2 Wastewater renovation processes | 384 | ||
| 8.3 Wastewater renovation mechanisms | 399 | ||
| 8.4 System design and operation | 407 | ||
| 8.5 Land treatment – design equations | 418 | ||
| 8.6 System monitoring | 430 | ||
| 8.7 Public health aspects and public acceptance | 436 | ||
| 8.8 References | 440 | ||
| 8.9 Exercises | 441 | ||
| 9 Land treatment of sludge | 445 | ||
| 9.1 Objectives, benefits, and limitations | 446 | ||
| 9.2 Sludge transport and application procedures | 450 | ||
| 9.3 System design and sludge application rates | 454 | ||
| 9.4 Toxic compounds vs. crop growth | 469 | ||
| 9.5 Microbiological aspects of sludge application on land | 470 | ||
| 9.6 References | 472 | ||
| 9.7 Exercises | 473 | ||
| 10 Management of organic waste recycling program | 476 | ||
| 10.1 Planning for waste recycling programs | 476 | ||
| 10.2 Guidelines for technology and site selection | 483 | ||
| 10.3 Institutional arrangements | 486 | ||
| 10.4 Regulatory aspects | 488 | ||
| 10.5 Monitoring and control of facility performance | 501 | ||
| 10.6 Case studies of waste recycling management program | 503 | ||
| 10.7 References | 507 | ||
| 10.8 Exercises | 508 | ||
| Index | 509 |