BOOK
Membrane Bioreactors
A. G. N. van Bentem | C. P. Petri | P. F. T. Schyns | H. F. van der Roest
(2007)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of municipal wastewater. Compared to traditional treatment techniques, MBR’s require far smaller surface areas and produce better effluent quality. This publication reports the results and experiences of the first 16 months of operation and the associated research programme of the first full-scale MBR in the Netherlands which entered operation in December 2004. Detailed results of the plants technical performance are presented together with experience of optimising the processes. The design is evaluated and design recommendations are presented. MBR set-up and initialization costs are compared with those of conventional WWTPs. The report confirms the suitability of MBR technology for the treatment of municipal wastewater taking into account the technical performance and cost considerations. This publication will be an invaluable source of reference for all those concerned with the treatment of municipal wastewater.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 6 | ||
| SUMMARY | 10 | ||
| 1. RESULTS | 10 | ||
| 2. OPERATIONS | 11 | ||
| 3. DESIGN | 11 | ||
| 4. COSTS | 12 | ||
| 5. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY | 13 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 14 | ||
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION | 14 | ||
| 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES | 15 | ||
| 1.3 RESEARCH SET-UP AND ORGANISATION | 17 | ||
| 1.4 STRUCTURE | 18 | ||
| 2 Design MBR Varsseveld | 20 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 20 | ||
| 2.2 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS | 21 | ||
| 2.2.1 Introduction | 21 | ||
| 2.2.2 Process parameters | 21 | ||
| 2.2.3 Risk analysis | 22 | ||
| 2.3 PRE-TREATMENT | 23 | ||
| 2.3.1 Introduction | 23 | ||
| 2.3.2 Fine screens | 23 | ||
| 2.3.3 Grit/grease removal | 24 | ||
| 2.3.4 Micro-sieves | 25 | ||
| 2.4 BIOLOGY | 26 | ||
| 2.4.1 Introduction | 26 | ||
| 2.4.2 Aeration tank | 27 | ||
| 2.4.3 Aeration | 28 | ||
| 2.4.4 Process control | 29 | ||
| 2.4.5 Scum layer discharge | 30 | ||
| 2.5 MEMBRANE FILTRATION | 31 | ||
| 2.5.1 Introduction | 31 | ||
| 2.5.2 Design parameters | 32 | ||
| 2.5.3 Process operation | 33 | ||
| 2.5.4 Process control | 35 | ||
| 3 Technological results | 37 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 37 | ||
| 3.2 PRE-TREATMENT | 37 | ||
| 3.2.1 Introduction | 37 | ||
| 3.2.2 Efficiency | 38 | ||
| 3.2.3 Rest streams | 39 | ||
| 3.3 BIOLOGY | 40 | ||
| 3.3.1 Introduction | 40 | ||
| 3.3.2 Process data | 41 | ||
| 3.3.3 Nitrogen removal | 43 | ||
| 3.3.4 Phosphate removal | 43 | ||
| 3.3.5 Sludge production | 45 | ||
| 3.3.6 α-factor | 45 | ||
| 3.4 MEMBRANE FILTRATION | 46 | ||
| 3.4.1 Introduction | 46 | ||
| 3.4.2. Membrane performance | 47 | ||
| 3.4.3 Guarantee tests | 47 | ||
| 3.5 MICROPOLLUTANTS | 49 | ||
| 3.5.1 Introduction | 49 | ||
| 3.5.2 Monitoring program | 50 | ||
| 3.5.3 Results and conclusions | 50 | ||
| 4 Operation | 52 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 52 | ||
| 4.2 PRE-TREATMENT | 52 | ||
| 4.2.1 Introduction | 52 | ||
| 4.2.2 Fine screens | 53 | ||
| 4.2.3 Grit/grease removal | 53 | ||
| 4.2.4 Micro-sieves | 53 | ||
| 4.3 BIOLOGY | 55 | ||
| 4.3.1 Introduction | 55 | ||
| 4.3.2 Aeration control | 55 | ||
| 4.3.3 Ferric dosing | 56 | ||
| 4.3.4 Floating layer | 56 | ||
| 4.4 MEMBRANE FILTRATION | 58 | ||
| 4.4.1 Introduction | 58 | ||
| 4.4.2 Optimisation of process operation | 58 | ||
| Aeration in stand-by mode | 58 | ||
| Optimal flux | 59 | ||
| Membrane cleaning | 60 | ||
| 4.4.3 Industrial polymer | 60 | ||
| 4.4.4 Technical modifications | 63 | ||
| 4.4.5 Macro-fouling | 64 | ||
| 5 Interactions | 67 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 67 | ||
| 5.2 SLUDGE QUALITY | 67 | ||
| 5.2.1 Introduction | 67 | ||
| 5.2.2 Microscopic examination | 68 | ||
| 5.2.3 Floating (scum) layer | 69 | ||
| 5.2.4 Filterability | 70 | ||
| 5.3 SLUDGE PRODUCTION | 72 | ||
| 5.4 PHOSPHATE BALANCE | 74 | ||
| 5.4.1 Introduction | 74 | ||
| 5.4.2 Biological phosphate removal | 75 | ||
| 5.4.3 Chemical phosphate removal | 76 | ||
| 5.4.4 Organic phosphate | 77 | ||
| 5.5 NITROGEN BALANCE | 78 | ||
| 5.6 OXYGEN BALANCE | 79 | ||
| 5.6.1 Introduction | 79 | ||
| 5.6.2 Oxygen input aeration tank | 79 | ||
| 5.6.3 Oxygen input membrane tanks | 81 | ||
| 5.6.4 Oxygen balance | 82 | ||
| 5.7 ENERGY CONSUMPTION | 84 | ||
| 5.8 MEMBRANE OPERATION | 85 | ||
| 5.8.1 Introduction | 85 | ||
| 5.8.2 Sludge quality | 86 | ||
| 5.8.3 Effect of temperature | 87 | ||
| 5.8.4 Symmetry | 89 | ||
| Filtration balance | 89 | ||
| Distribution of the chemicals | 89 | ||
| Hydraulic distribution | 90 | ||
| EOX forming | 90 | ||
| 6 Costs comparison | 92 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 92 | ||
| 6.2 INVESTMENT COSTS | 92 | ||
| 6.3 OPERATIONAL COSTS | 93 | ||
| 6.3.1 Introduction | 93 | ||
| 6.3.2 Energy consumption | 94 | ||
| 6.3.3 Chemicals consumption | 94 | ||
| 6.3.4 Sludge management | 95 | ||
| 6.3.5 Staff costs | 95 | ||
| 6.4 Overview | 95 | ||
| 7 Evaluation | 97 | ||
| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 97 | ||
| 7.2 RESULTS | 97 | ||
| 7.3 OPERATION | 98 | ||
| 7.4 DESIGN | 99 | ||
| 7.5 COSTS | 101 | ||
| 7.6 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY | 101 | ||
| REFERENCES | 103 | ||
| APPENDIX 1 – GLOSSARY | 104 |