Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The provision of safe drinking water and the protection of public health and the environment through the treatment of wastewaters is increasingly informed by risk-based decision-making. Aspects of utility management such as process design and optimisation, asset management and compliance monitoring rely on a mature understanding of process risk within a broader context of business and environmental risk management. For operators, risk management is now regarded as a key business function. Understanding risk and being able to implement risk management is critical to the provision of safe drinking water.
As part of a move towards a more strategic, forward looking approach to utility management, the IWA is promoting a risk-based approach to water utility management, from catchment to tap, through the implementation of the Bonn Charter (2004).
- Why manage risk?
- Basic probability and statistics
- Process risk and reliability analysis
- Assessing risks beyond the unit process boundary
- Regulating water utility risks
- Business risk management for water and wastewater utilities
- Managing opportunity and reputational risk
- Embedding better decision-making within utilities
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | 4 | ||
| Introduction to the Water and Wastewater Process Technologies series | 6 | ||
| Water Science at Cranfield University | 7 | ||
| Editors | 9 | ||
| Series Editor | 9 | ||
| Volume Editor | 9 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 9 | ||
| How to use this book | 10 | ||
| Risk management for water and wastewater utilities | 11 | ||
| 1 Why manage risk? | 12 | ||
| 1.1 Risk management and the water utility sector | 12 | ||
| Water and wastewater utilities | 12 | ||
| Risk and regulation | 13 | ||
| 1.2 Should organisations manage risk? | 14 | ||
| Do organisations manage risk? | 14 | ||
| Do organisations manage their risks well? | 14 | ||
| 1.3 The origins of risk | 15 | ||
| A familiar example of risk | 15 | ||
| Business risk for water and wastewater utilities | 15 | ||
| 1.4 Definitions of hazard and risk | 18 | ||
| A risk equation | 18 | ||
| Risk analysis | 19 | ||
| 1.5 Management of risk | 21 | ||
| Acceptability of risk | 21 | ||
| Risk management capabilities | 21 | ||
| Corporate risk management | 23 | ||
| 1.6 Summary and self assessment questions | 24 | ||
| Further reading | 25 | ||
| 2 Basic statistics and probability | 26 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 26 | ||
| 2.2 Key points | 27 | ||
| Variation | 27 | ||
| 3. Process risk and reliability analysis | 44 | ||
| 3.1 Context | 44 | ||
| 3.2 Applying process risk analysis | 44 | ||
| Comparative methods | 45 | ||
| Hazard indices | 45 | ||
| Fundamental methods - qualitative | 46 | ||
| Fundamental methods - quantitative | 52 | ||
| 3.3 Systems reliability analysis | 53 | ||
| Reliability block diagrams | 53 | ||
| System redundancy | 56 | ||
| Series parallel networks | 57 | ||
| Partial redundancy | 58 | ||
| Standby redundant systems | 59 | ||
| Evaluation of complex systems | 60 | ||
| Exercise | 61 | ||
| Approximate evaluation of cut sets | 63 | ||
| 3.4 Microbiological risk analysis | 64 | ||
| Case study - modelling crop exposures to pathogens in sewage sludge | 65 | ||
| Bypass | 67 | ||
| 3.5 Summary and self assessment questions | 68 | ||
| Further reading | 68 | ||
| 4. Assessing risks beyond the unit process boundary | 70 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 70 | ||
| 4.2 Approach to risk management | 73 | ||
| 4.3 Risk management frameworks in the water utility sector | 76 | ||
| 4.4 Risk assessment – catchment to tap | 78 | ||
| Assessing risks in catchments | 78 | ||
| Process risks - the multiple barrier concept | 79 | ||
| Network risks, vulnerability and Markov models | 81 | ||
| Public health implications at the tap | 83 | ||
| 4.5 Human factors | 84 | ||
| Overdose of aluminium sulphate | 84 | ||
| Loss of water supply to a city | 85 | ||
| Overdose of lime at a water treatment works | 86 | ||
| Human reliability | 87 | ||
| How accidents happen | 88 | ||
| Violation producing conditions (VPC) | 90 | ||
| Error producing conditions (EPC) | 90 | ||
| Latent failures and flawed management decisions | 91 | ||
| 4.6 Summary and self assessment questions | 92 | ||
| Further reading | 92 | ||
| 5 Regulating water utility risks | 94 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 94 | ||
| 5.2 Risk assessment for drinking water guidelines | 95 | ||
| The dose - response assessment | 96 | ||
| The exposure assessment | 99 | ||
| Water quality risk management | 99 | ||
| 5.3 Managing risks of abstraction and drought | 100 | ||
| Licensing abstractions | 100 | ||
| Droughts | 101 | ||
| 5.4 Risks and asset management | 102 | ||
| 5.5 Regulating discharges and voluntary initiatives | 104 | ||
| 5.6 Summary and self assessment questions | 107 | ||
| Further reading | 107 | ||
| 6 Business risk management for water and wastewater ut | 108 | ||
| 6.1 Overview and objectives | 108 | ||
| 6.2 Risk governance in utilities | 109 | ||
| 6.3 Developing capabilities in risk management | 114 | ||
| 6.4 Developing a risk management culture | 116 | ||
| 6.5 Summary and self-assessment questions | 120 | ||
| Further reading | 120 | ||
| 7. Managing opportunities, reputations and emergencies | 122 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 122 | ||
| 7.2 Modern risk governance – incorporating opportunity management | 124 | ||
| 7.3 Opportunity and project risk | 126 | ||
| 7.4 Investment and opportunity risk | 129 | ||
| 7.5 Managing reputational risk | 130 | ||
| 7.6 Managing emergencies – an opportunity to build trust | 132 | ||
| Declaration of an incident | 133 | ||
| Mobilisation | 134 | ||
| Key actions of the management team | 134 | ||
| Typical incident management teams for water industry incidents | 135 | ||
| Nomination | 135 | ||
| Training | 135 | ||
| Management centre | 136 | ||
| Target response times | 137 | ||
| Role of customer call cen | 137 | ||
| Emergency equipment | 137 | ||
| Contacts directori | 138 | ||
| Asset information | 138 | ||
| Stand-down procedures | 138 | ||
| Post incident review | 138 | ||
| Emergency planning exercises | 138 | ||
| 7.7 Summary and self-assessment questions | 140 | ||
| Further reading | 140 | ||
| 8 Embedding better decision-making within utilities | 142 | ||
| 8.1 Refresher – why manage risk? | 142 | ||
| 8.2 Sector progress in risk management | 144 | ||
| 8.3 Tools and techniques | 146 | ||
| 8.4 Implementing risk management | 148 | ||
| 8.5 Securing a risk management culture | 150 | ||
| 8.6 Conclusions - high reliability and ‘mindful’ organisations | 152 | ||
| 8.7 Summary and self-assessment questions | 155 | ||
| Further reading | 155 | ||
| 9 Summary | 158 | ||
| 9.1 Managing change is risk management | 158 | ||
| 9.2 Organisations that are mature in risk manageme | 158 | ||
| 9.3 Mindfulness for the water and wastewater utility sector | 159 | ||
| Further Reading | 160 | ||
| 10 Self assessment question abbreviated answers | 162 | ||
| 10.1 Why manage risk? | 162 | ||
| 10.2 Basic statistics and probability | 164 | ||
| 10.3 Process risk and reliability analysis | 164 | ||
| 10.4 Assessing risks beyond the unit process boundary | 165 | ||
| 10.5 Regulating water utility risks | 166 | ||
| 10.6 Business risk management for water and wastewater utilities | 167 | ||
| 10.7 Managing opportunities, reputations and emergencies | 168 | ||
| 10.8 Embedding better decision-making within utilities | 169 |