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DayWater

BOOK

DayWater

Daniel R. Thevenot

(2008)

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Book Details

ISBN
978-1-78040-192-8
Edition
1
Language
English
Pages
314
Subjects
The environment
Environmental science, engineering & technology
Water supply & treatment

Abstract

The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. 
The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. 
It includes:

  • A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes
  • A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype
  • The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden
  • The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. 
The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, “road maps” and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools.  As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Contents
Foreword
Authors
Chapter 1: DayWater: the challenge to develop an Adaptive Decision Support System for urban stormwater source control
INTRODUCTION
ADSS DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE
DayWater project structure
DayWater consortium
End-user involvement
Initial core end-user questionnaires
Testing of ADSS components
Testing of global ADSS
ADSS DEVELOPMENT
Consideration of end-user needs
Common definition of ADSS structure and functionalities
Development of ADSS components
Interest in decision-making procedures in urban stormwater management
Future actions
ADAPTIVE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS
ADSS functions
Structure of the ADSS
Tools associated to the ADSS
Urban Dynamics
Best Management Practices
Pollutants
Risk and vulnerability
Multi-criteria comparator (MCC) and Matrix of Alternatives (MoA)
Tools
FINAL DAYWATER CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Part 1: Structure of the Adaptive Decision Support System
Chapter 2: Adaptive DSS – a new kind of DSS
INTRODUCTION
BASIC CONCEPTS OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
APPLICATIONS OF DSS IN THE FIELD OF WATER MANAGEMENT
DSS EUREG – Czech case
WATSIDE: a methodology for WATer Supply Integrated Development
ADAPTIVE DSS IN FRAME OF DAYWATER PROJECT
General concept of ADSS
Basic ADSS features
ADSS Components and functions
Modes of ADSS usage
Free ADSS mode
Smart (“semi”) guided ADSS mode
Guided ADSS mode
ADSS users and User rights
Compliance with basic ADSS concept
Library function
Management function
Analysis function
Communication function
Role of ADSS adaptability
Adaptability in personalising the HYDROPOLIS
Adaptability in template questionnaire development
Adaptability in user navigation, during the consultation process, in guided mode
Adaptability in ADSS data updates
Adaptability in building personal archives
ADSS Software architecture
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 3: Welcome to Hydropolis
INTRODUCTION
DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTIES IN DECISION SUPPORT
Two types of uncertainties
The A of ADSS
Problems in four quadrants
Coping with uncertainties: two level approach
FUNCTIONALITIES OF HYDROPOLIS
Basic principles of Hydropolis
Tiles
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 4: DayWater ADSS guided tour: a feature for the Decision Support System adaptability to its user
INTRODUCTION
ADSS GUIDED MODE STRUCTURE
Knowledge trees
Basic features and functions of knowledge trees
USING KNOWLEDGE TREES FOR DECISION MAKING PROCESS
Negotiation concept in ADSS
Water Expert engine
Matrix of alternatives
Analysing the multiple stakeholder views
Guided tour
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 5: Libraries
INTRODUCTION
CASE STUDIES (CS) DATABASE
Purpose of the CS database
User’s involvement in the construction of the CS database
Fields of the CS database
POLICY INSTRUMENTS INFORMATION (PII) DATABASE
How to select the information within the PII database?
STAKE HOLDERS (SH) DATABASE
KEY TERMS (KT) LIST
CRITERIA AND INDICATORS (CI) LIST
CONCLUSION
Part 2: Tools associated to the Adaptive Decision Support
Chapter 6: Urban dynamics
INTRODUCTION
A DEFINITION OF URBAN DYNAMICS
ASPECTS OF WATER
Mapping perceptions and valuation
Aspects of water in Hydropolis ADSS
COPING WITH URBAN DYNAMICS
Three archetypes in urban water management
Basic water management: static approach
Functional water management: frozen dynamics
Contextual water management: from optimization to adaptation
Ambition Reflection
IMPLEMENTATION AS STARTING POINT
Working in parallel
Switching between scales
Learning by doing
Snowball effect
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 7: Assessment criteria for sustainable urban draniage systems
INTRODUCTION
SELECTION OF STORMWATER CONTROL OPTIONS
Identification of criteria
Identification of indicators and benchmarks
Short description of the Technical criterion
Detailed consideration of the Environmental criterion
Receiving water volume impact
Receiving water quality impact
Receiving water ecological impact
Overview of remaining identified criteria and indicators
Operation and maintenance criterion
Maintenance and servicing requirements
System reliability and durability
Social and urban community benefits
Public health and safety risks
Sustainable development potential
Public/community information and awareness
Amenity and aesthetics
Economic costs
Life cycle costs
Long term affordability
Legal and urban planning
Adoption status
Building development issues and stormwater regulations
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 8: The Best Management Practice catalogue developed within the DayWater project
INTRODUCTION
USING THE BMP CATALOGUE
BMP CHARACTERISTICS
BMP PERFORMANCE
BMP OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
BMP PHOTOGRAPHS
BMP EXAMPLE TYPES
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 9: The DayWater Multi-Criteria Comparator
INTRODUCTION
MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACHES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT
THE DAYWATER MCC APPROACH
USING THE DAYWATER MCC PERFORMANCE MATRIX
MCC Instructions
Site screening characteristics
MCC performance matrix
Applying weights
Outcomes
CONCLUSION: APPLICATION OF THE DAYWATER MCC AS AN URBAN STORMWATER DECISION SUPPORT TOOL
REFERENCES
Chapter 10: Best Management Practice costing: methodologies for lifecycle cost assessment
INTRODUCTION
LIFECYCLE COST ANALYSIS
COST FUNCTIONS
DERIVING EQUIVALENT LIFETIME COSTS
LIFETIME COSTING
COST-EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 11: Selection of priority pollutants in the DayWater project
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
Step 1. Source characterisation
Step 2. Recipient, exposure object and criteria identification
Step 3. Hazard and problem identification
Step 4. Hazard assessment
Step 5. Expert judgement
THE DAYWATER SSPP-LIST
Step 1. Source characterization
Step 2. Recipient, exposure object and criteria identification
Step 3. Hazard and Problem Identification
Step 4. Hazard assessment
Step 5. Expert judgment
Discussion
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12: Risk and vulnerability
INTRODUCTION
RISK INDICATORS
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY SCREENING
IMPLICATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY FOR MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 13: Flood Vulnerability Assessment Tool (FVAT)
INTRODUCTION
DEALING WITH VULNERABILITY
The three complexity aspects of vulnerability
A brief literature review of vulnerability evaluation
A NEW SUPPORT TOOL FOR FLOOD VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
Description of the support tool
Methodological aspects for indicator identification
Organisation and use of the indicators
Organisation of the tree and representation of interactions
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 14: Source and flux modelling in urban stormwater management (STORM/SEWSYS): application examples in Germany and Sweden
SOURCE AND FLUX MODELLING CONCEPT
The model STORM
The model SEWSYS
The model STORM/SEWSYS – an SFM tool
The model input database
MODEL OUTPUTS AND NEW POSSIBILITIES
INTERACTION WITH THE DAYWATER ADSS
APPLICATIONS
The Wupper case
Wupperverband
Project area
Objectives
The six Wupper models
Simulation model Leverkusen
Simulation model Wuppertal
Simulation model Burg
An example: the STORM/SEWSYS Model for the catchment area of WWTP Leverkusen
Results
The Hammarby Sjöstad case
GIS analysis
STORM/SEWSYS model
Results
CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARKS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15: Integrated planning of stormwater infiltration measures: Flext A Tool for Scenario Development and Vulnerability Mapping, including Wupper River Case Study
INTRODUCTION
Integrated planning of on-site stormwater management measures
New concept on Urban Stormwater Management
Integrated planning of on-site stormwater management measures in whole urban stormwater drainage system
Decentralised water management planning aiming to preventive flood control in river watershed
METHODOLOGY FOR THE FLEXT TOOL DEVELOPMENT
Why a knowledge-based system is applied?
Development of an GIS integrable Expert System Tool
Development of a knowledge base for selection of on-site rainwater infiltration measures
Basic components of an expert system
Characteristics of the Flext tool
INTEGRATION OF FLEXT INTO GIS PLATFORM
Concept of integration of an ES into GIS platform
Running procedure of the Flext integrated model
DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSPARENT SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR ON-SITE URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING: FLEXT
Classification of affecting factors of decentralised stormwater management
Factors affecting on-site water retention
Factors concerning pollution dispersion
Factors affecting the construction of on-site infiltration measures
Factors concerning other utilisation of the site or aesthetics
Social and economic factors
CASE STUDY: BASIN OF THE WUPPER RIVER
Introduction
Application of the ES in combination with GIS platform
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Further application of Flext
Limitations and further extension
REFERENCES
Part 3: Applications of Adaptive Decision Support
Chapter 16: DayWater ADSS: an incentive for action but a source of questions - an end-user account of the prototype development
‘SYNDICAT MIXTE MARNE VIVE’: AN ORIGINAL LOCAL WATER INSTITUTION TACKLING STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Presentation of the ‘Syndicat Marne Vive’
The need to manage urban stormwater
What help is needed for the engineer, technician or elected official faced with stormwater management problems?
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR URBAN STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL
The DayWater project is launched: expectations of possible users are high
User comments during the development of the ADSS
First comment: the difficulty to describe one’s need or profile
Second comment: facing the complexity
Scientific knowledge versus user needs and practical experience: two different languages?
CONCLUSION: WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF THE DAYWATER ADSS?
The ADSS is a prototype
What improvements could be made in the ADSS?
How can the ADSS be improved and maintained?
REFERENCES
Chapter 17: Factors of sucess and failure in the implementation of urban stormwater source control measures: the Nijmegen municipality experience
Part 4: Related research in stormwater management
Chapter 20: Application of a battery of biotests for toxicity characterization of urban stormwater
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field site, sampling and chemical characterization
Whole sample tests
Toxicity tests
Toxicity identification evaluation procedures
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sample characteristics
Toxicity of stormwater samples
CONCLUSION: APPLICATION OF BIOTESTS FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF URBAN STORMWATER
REFERENCES
Chapter 21: Development of a distributed hydrological model for urban catchments
INTRODUCTION
MORPHOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE CATCHMENT IN MUHDI
DESCRIPTION OF THE HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE MODEL
APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO URBAN CATCHMENTS
Principles
Case study
Application of the model on Rezé catchment
FIRST RESULTS
Simulation of a rainfall event
Simulation of runoff flows
Simulation of saturation levels
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 22: Stormwater in cold climates
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF COLD CLIMATE
SNOWMELT PROCESSES AND RUNOFF
STORMWATER QUALITY IN COLD CLIMATES
Sources for pollutants in snow and road runoff
Slipperiness control
Transport of stormwater pollutants
STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL IN A COLD CLIMATE
Structural BMPs
Swales/Filter strips
Infiltration systems
Porous pavement/asphalt
Ponds and wetlands
Oil and grit separators
Gully pots
Non-structural BMPs
Street cleaning
Snow handling practices
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Part 5: Related Decision Support Systems
Chapter 23: The PETUS project: a step to fill the gap between theory and practice of urban sustainability
THE PETUS PROJECT: PRESENTATION
The background
The PETUS framework
The PETUS project
Project methodology
OVERVIEW OF PETUS FRAMEWORK
The ‘Database’
Sector description
Case Studies
Tools
Legislation
Guidance part
The PETUS matrix
DISCUSSION OF MAJOR RESULTS OBTAINED DURING THE PROJECT
Literature review
Case studies review
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE PETUS FRAMEWORK
PETUS testing
PETUS for whom?
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 24: Risk analysis and impact assessment of urban stormwater – with emphasis on the EU – Water Framework Directive
INTRODUCTION
THE EUROPEAN WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (EU – WFD)
Implementation of the WFD - case study Austria
POLLUTION OF URBAN RUNOFF
IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
RECEIVING WATER CLASSIFICATION
Sensitivity to increase of biodegradable matter
Sensitivity to plant nutrients
Sensitivity to acute toxic effects
Morphological sensitivity
Sensitivity to accumulation of persistent toxics
LIMITS
Ambient water quality limits
Infiltration
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 25: Criteria and indicators in delivering sustainable water systems: from Sustainable Water Asset Resource Decisions (SWARD) to Water cycle management for New Developments (WaND)
INTRODUCTION
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA AND INDICATORS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING
The ‘Think Before You Flush’ (TBYF) campaign
SWARD – development of core criteria
Criteria development for stormwater drainage
IMPEDIMENTS TO THE INCLUSION OF SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS WITHIN WATER MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS AND THE WAND CONSORTIUM
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Part 6: Summary and prospective
Chapter 26: DayWater: summary and future development
DAYWATER SUMMARY
Problem formulation
Innovative objectives (scientific & technical)
Access to the DayWater ADSS
Stormwater problem identification and analysis
Tools to support project construction
BMP design and comparison of alternative solutions and their respective impacts
Stakeholder experiences
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES

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