Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Special Offer: Water Framework Directive Series Set. Visit www.iwapublishing.com to buy all four titles including Volume 3 and save £100!
Water resources planning and management and the development of appropriate policies requires methodologies and tools that are able to support systematic, integrative and multidisciplinary assessments at various scales. It also requires the quantification of various uncertainties in both data and models, and the incorporation of stakeholders participation and institutional mechanisms into the various tools and risk assessment methodologies, to help decision makers understand and evaluate alternative measures and decisions. This requirement has been explicitly recognised in the context of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD).
This book is one of the concrete outcomes of the Harmoni-CA concerted action (supported by the European Commission). It provides a framework for model-supported participatory planning of measures at various river basin scales and practical guidance to water managers and other interested stakeholders on the model-supported implementation of the WFD. The objective of the book is to offer guidance to water managers on the model-supported implementation of the Water Framework Directive at the level of a river basin district and at other levels (such as sub-basins, national, or international scale in the case of international river basins). It should help water managers to better understand how models may be used for planning purposes, while special attention is given to the problem of predicting an uncertain future, one very likely to differ from the present.
Six case studies from different parts of Europe are provided to illustrate the practical applicability of the planning framework in the WFD implementation. They are very important for illustrating how concepts from earlier parts of the document are applied to real-world situations. The case studies cover several aspects of mesoscale river basin management, water quantity and quality issues, and the role of modelling, with two case studies located in pilot river basins. This text is intended for use by water managers and hydrologists engaged in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive.
The other three volumes in the Water Framework Directive Series are:
- Modelling Aspects of Water Framework Directive Implementation - Volume 1 edited by Prof. Peter A. Vanrolleghem
- Integrated Assessment for WFD implementation: Data, economic and human dimension - Volume 2 edited by Peter A. Vanrolleghem
- Decision support for WFD implementation - Volume 3 edited by Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half title page | 1 | ||
| Title page | 3 | ||
| Copyright page | 4 | ||
| Contents page | 5 | ||
| List of Contributors | 9 | ||
| Preface | 13 | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction | 15 | ||
| WHAT IS THIS DOCUMENT FOR? | 15 | ||
| THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE – A CHALLENGE | 19 | ||
| Chapter 2: How can models help implementing the Water Framework Directive? | 25 | ||
| FRAMEWORK FOR MODEL SUPPORTED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING OF MEASURES IN IMPLEMENTING THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE | 25 | ||
| The planning process of implementing the Water Framework Directive | 25 | ||
| Framework for model supported implementation of the Directive | 30 | ||
| Step 1 – Problem description and goal definition: ‘‘Setting the scene’’ | 32 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualisation | 33 | ||
| Identification of measures | 33 | ||
| Criteria and indicator identification | 34 | ||
| Model setup including calibration and validation | 34 | ||
| Step 3 – Scenario definition and alternative design (two steps) | 35 | ||
| Choice of scenario | 36 | ||
| Design of the Programme of Measures (action alternatives) | 36 | ||
| Step 4 – Simulation and estimation of effects/impacts | 36 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation of the alternatives | 37 | ||
| Step 6 – Comparison and negotiation | 37 | ||
| Checklist for effective model use | 38 | ||
| Iterative process of arriving at the decision | 43 | ||
| Mitigation, compensation and proposing new alternatives | 43 | ||
| Political choice and final decision making | 44 | ||
| The planning of measures | 44 | ||
| Iterative planning and conclusions | 45 | ||
| FIRST IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT STATUS, SETUP OF MONITORING PROGRAMMES AND EVALUATION OF A BASELINE SCENARIO (GAP ANALYSIS) | 45 | ||
| Identification and characterization of water bodies and optimization of the monitoring network | 46 | ||
| Joint use of monitoring and modelling | 46 | ||
| Steps to be taken following Figure 2.2: | 48 | ||
| Identification of pressures and formulation of a Baseline Scenario | 52 | ||
| Steps to be made after Figure 2.2: | 52 | ||
| SECOND IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR DESIGN AND SETUP OF PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES AND OF THE RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN | 56 | ||
| The River Basin Management Plan | 56 | ||
| Planning for an uncertain future – scenario definition and model support | 57 | ||
| Model supported design of the Programme of Measures | 61 | ||
| Steps to be done following Figure 2.2: | 61 | ||
| THIRD IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES | 64 | ||
| Adjustment of River Basin Management Plans | 65 | ||
| Operational modelling | 65 | ||
| Steps to be made following Figure 2.2: | 66 | ||
| FOURTH IMPLEMENTATION PHASE: SUPPORT FOR EVALUATING THE PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES AND IMPROVEMENTS ACHIEVED | 67 | ||
| Chapter 3: Modelling – a primer for practitioners | 69 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 69 | ||
| What is a model? | 70 | ||
| SPECIFICS OF THE MODELLING PROCESS – TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS | 72 | ||
| Model selection | 73 | ||
| Component models | 81 | ||
| Model systems for integrative and multidisciplinary analysis | 82 | ||
| Model calibration and validation | 87 | ||
| RELIABILITY OF MODEL RESULTS | 89 | ||
| Uncertainties in input data and model parameters | 91 | ||
| Uncertainties in model structure | 93 | ||
| Quantification of uncertainties and how to cope with them | 95 | ||
| QUALITY ASSURANCE | 96 | ||
| SYNTHESIS | 98 | ||
| Chapter 4: The role of participation, social learning, and adaptation in complex systems | 101 | ||
| PARADIGMS OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATION | 101 | ||
| WHAT IS SOCIAL LEARNING? | 103 | ||
| ROLE OF MODELS TO SUPPORT PUBLIC PARTICIPATION | 104 | ||
| RULES OF GOOD PRACTICE | 105 | ||
| Chapter 5: The WISE-RTD web portal: Experiences, guidance and tools | 107 | ||
| INFORMATION SOURCES IN SUPPORT OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION TASKS | 110 | ||
| Chapter 6: Practical experiences from existing case studies and pilot river basins | 113 | ||
| BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CASE STUDIES | 113 | ||
| EXAMPLE 1: MARNE/SEINE/NORMANDIE – USING MODELS FOR THE WFD BASELINE SCENARIO⊃1 | 115 | ||
| Baseline scenario rationale | 115 | ||
| Long-term prediction for developing a baseline scenario (BLS) and for future planning | 115 | ||
| Baseline scenario and modelling | 117 | ||
| Model-building process in relation with baseline scenario in Seine-Normandie & Marne Pilot River Basin | 117 | ||
| Purpose and structure of the following material | 120 | ||
| Application of the Planning Framework (IMA) | 120 | ||
| Step 1 – System and Goal definition | 120 | ||
| Starting from the goals | 120 | ||
| Backward system-designing | 121 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualisation | 123 | ||
| The Drivers-Pressures model | 123 | ||
| General simulation methodology | 125 | ||
| Step 3 – Definition of scenarios | 125 | ||
| External drivers | 125 | ||
| Internal drivers | 127 | ||
| Step 4 – Analyses of effects and impacts | 127 | ||
| Effects and impacts on ecological quality | 127 | ||
| Results in terms of pressures | 129 | ||
| Results in terms of impacts | 129 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation | 129 | ||
| Risk assessment | 131 | ||
| Cost assessment: baseline is not always business-as-usual | 132 | ||
| Step 6 – Comparison of planning alternatives, negotiation and final political decision | 134 | ||
| EXAMPLE 2: CASE-STUDIES FOR THE WITTE NETE AND DENDER TRIBUTARIES IN THE SCHELDT PILOT RIVER BASIN⊃3 | 135 | ||
| Introduction | 135 | ||
| Witte Nete subbasin | 136 | ||
| Step 1 – Problem description and goal definition | 136 | ||
| System definition in space and time | 137 | ||
| System understanding | 138 | ||
| Stakeholder identification | 140 | ||
| Institutional analysis | 141 | ||
| Common-values (‘‘Leitbilder’’) and legal analysis | 141 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualization for problem solving | 141 | ||
| Identification of potential actions | 141 | ||
| Identification of criteria and indicators | 141 | ||
| Model setup | 143 | ||
| Model calibration and validation | 148 | ||
| Step 3 – Definition of scenarios | 150 | ||
| Quantification of external drivers | 150 | ||
| Design of water management actions | 150 | ||
| Step 4 – Analysis of effects/impacts | 151 | ||
| Model applications | 151 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation | 151 | ||
| Uncertainty analysis | 151 | ||
| Dender basin | 158 | ||
| Step 1 – Problem description and goal definition | 158 | ||
| System definition in time and space | 159 | ||
| System understanding | 160 | ||
| Stakeholder identification | 161 | ||
| Institutional analysis | 162 | ||
| Common-values (‘‘Leitbilder’’) and legal analysis | 162 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualization for problem solving | 162 | ||
| Identification of potential actions | 162 | ||
| Identification of common-values criteria and indicators: | 163 | ||
| Model setup, model calibration and validation | 165 | ||
| Step 3 – Definition of scenarios | 171 | ||
| Quantification of external drivers | 171 | ||
| Design of alternatives/grouping of management options | 171 | ||
| Step 4 – Analysis of effects/impacts | 173 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation of alternatives | 175 | ||
| Step 6 – Comparison of alternatives and negotiation | 180 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 180 | ||
| EXAMPLE 3: PARTICIPATORY INTEGRATED PLANNING (PIP) IN THE VERBANO CASE STUDY⊃4 | 182 | ||
| Introduction | 182 | ||
| The steps of the planning framework | 184 | ||
| Step 1 – Problem description, objectives and system definition | 184 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualization | 186 | ||
| Action identification | 186 | ||
| Criteria and indicator identification | 187 | ||
| Model setup | 188 | ||
| Step 3 – Scenario definition and alternative design | 190 | ||
| Scenario design | 190 | ||
| Alternative design | 190 | ||
| Step 4 – Estimation of the effects | 191 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation of the alternatives | 192 | ||
| Step 6 – COMPARISON and negotiation of the alternatives | 193 | ||
| Mitigation | 195 | ||
| The set of the compromise alternatives | 196 | ||
| Final political decision | 198 | ||
| EXAMPLE 4: THE LAKE PEIPSI AND ITS DRAINAGE BASIN CASE STUDY⊃6 | 198 | ||
| Introduction | 198 | ||
| The steps of the planning framework | 199 | ||
| Step 1 – Problem description and goal definition | 199 | ||
| The problem to be solved | 199 | ||
| The system of interest | 200 | ||
| Identification of authorities, stakeholders and sectors | 201 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualisation | 202 | ||
| Step 2a – Identification of measures and Step 2b – Criteria and indicator identification | 202 | ||
| Step 2c – Model setup including calibration and validation | 202 | ||
| Step 3 – Scenario definition | 206 | ||
| Step 4 – Estimation of the impact | 208 | ||
| Step 5 - Evaluation of the alternatives | 213 | ||
| Step 6 - Comparison and negotiation | 214 | ||
| Conclusions | 215 | ||
| EXAMPLE 5: THE SPREE RIVER BASIN CASE STUDY⊃7 | 216 | ||
| Introduction | 216 | ||
| The steps of the planning framework | 216 | ||
| Step 1 – System and goals definition – ‘‘Setting the scene’’ | 216 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualisation (way of solution) | 220 | ||
| Step 3 – Scenario definition and alternative design | 221 | ||
| Step 4 – Estimation of effects/impacts | 224 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation of the alternatives | 225 | ||
| Step 6 – Comparison and negotiation | 227 | ||
| Final political decision | 227 | ||
| The planning framework | 227 | ||
| EXAMPLE 6: THE RIVER M¨OLL STUDY – INTEGRATIVE RIVER MANAGEMENT IN THE ALPINE REGION⊃8 | 228 | ||
| Introduction | 228 | ||
| The steps of the planning framework | 228 | ||
| Step 1 – Project description and goal definition | 228 | ||
| System definition | 228 | ||
| Ecological evaluation | 229 | ||
| Step 2 – Conceptualization | 229 | ||
| Action definition | 229 | ||
| Criteria and indicator identification | 229 | ||
| Leitbild as goal for the project | 231 | ||
| Model setup | 232 | ||
| Ecological evaluation of the status quo | 232 | ||
| Step 3 – Design of restoration scenarios to improve the ecological status | 232 | ||
| Step 4 – Estimation of the effects | 232 | ||
| Step 5 – Evaluation of alternatives | 232 | ||
| Ecological evaluation | 232 | ||
| Step 6 – Negotiation of the alternatives | 234 | ||
| Conclusions | 236 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS – LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE CASE STUDIES | 236 | ||
| Chapter 7: Glossary | 239 | ||
| Chapter 8: References | 243 | ||
| List of Figures | 255 | ||
| List of Tables | 261 | ||
| INDEX | 263 |