BOOK
Integrated Assessment for Water Framework Directive Implementation
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
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Implementing the comprehensive Water Framework Directive requires a thorough planning process that consists of several consecutive steps. The least one can say is that it is a challenging task which needs appropriate ICT tools that are able to cope with the complexity of the water system and this planning process. Integrated assessment, participatory processes and the science-policy interface are one of the newer elements in this overall implementation process that have developed greatly thanks to the WFD. Economic methods, models and instruments are integrative to the WFD implementation as well, with such concepts as cost recovery of water resources being central to debate with stakeholders. Economic valuation of natural resources (willingness-to-pay, willingness-to-accept, …) should get sufficient attention and the human dimension (perception, needs, wants, values and behaviours) should be incorporated in the modelling frameworks for decision-making. In the same line there is also a human dimension to the use of models: how do non-modellers, such as managers, policy-makers, other stakeholders feel about models and their use in their day-to-day activities. And finally, this volume deals with the large issue of data: its quality, availability and, not to forget, accessibility. And can we use data both for monitoring purposes (surveillance, operational and investigative in the WFD context) and for modelling. Is there a synergy to be found? These tasks, the underlying concepts, methods, tools and procedures are the subject of this volume.
The other three volumes in the Water Framework Directive Series are:
- Water Framework Directive: Model supported Implementation - A Water Manager’s Guide edited by Fred Hattermann and Zbigniew W Kundzewicz
- Modelling Aspects of Water Framework Directive Implementation - Volume 1 edited by Prof. Peter A. Vanrolleghem
- Decision Support for WFD implementation - Volume 3, edited by Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half title | 1 | ||
| Title | 3 | ||
| Copyright | 4 | ||
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Authors for this volume | 13 | ||
| Preface | 17 | ||
| Guidance Report II.1: Improving integrated assessment in model-supported river basin management | 21 | ||
| 1. INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT – ISSUES ADDRESSED | 22 | ||
| 2. SUPPORTING RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT WITH COMPUTER-BASED MODELLING TOOLS | 24 | ||
| 2.1. The role of modelling in water resources management: expectations and reality | 25 | ||
| 2.2. Modelling and decision making in water resources management: (dis-)entangling two processes | 26 | ||
| 2.3. Confidence in modelling tools: a matter of uncertainty? | 27 | ||
| 2.4. Looking at the interface: communication and user-friendliness | 28 | ||
| 2.5. Participatory approaches: acknowledging the human dimension in modelling and management | 28 | ||
| 3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE OF THE SCIENCE-POLICY INTERFACE | 29 | ||
| 3.1. Communication | 29 | ||
| 3.2. Incentives for interaction: recommendations for funding | 30 | ||
| 3.3. Managing of expectations-reflections on the role of research | 32 | ||
| 4. CONTENT-RELATED ISSUES FOR A FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA | 32 | ||
| 4.1. Issues to be addressed by models to support the WFD | 33 | ||
| 4.2. Economic aspects of the WFD | 33 | ||
| 4.3. Data availability, accessibility and use in modelling | 33 | ||
| 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION | 34 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 35 | ||
| 6. REFERENCES | 35 | ||
| 7. ANNEX: RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IDENTIFIED IN HARMONI-CA/WP5 WORKSHOPS | 38 | ||
| Participatory research processes and research directions from 1st Methods Workshop | 38 | ||
| Recommendations of 2nd Harmoni-CA/WP5 policy workshop on models supporting the interaction of agricultural and water management | 41 | ||
| Summary and Conclusions from 4th Harmoni-CA/WP5 Policy Workshop: Elements of a future research agenda | 43 | ||
| Guidance Report II.2: Data availability and accessibility in view of model-based water management | 47 | ||
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 48 | ||
| Data for modelling – what are the problems? | 48 | ||
| Data availability | 49 | ||
| Data accessibility | 49 | ||
| Data quality – uncertainty | 50 | ||
| Data for research purposes | 50 | ||
| 1. DATA FOR MODELLING – WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS? | 51 | ||
| 1.1. Why is modelling an important tool in water resources management | 51 | ||
| 1.2. Objectives and target audience of this document | 52 | ||
| 1.3. Water Framework Directive – requirements | 52 | ||
| 1.4. Do we have enough data for modelling? | 54 | ||
| 1.5. Are the existing data accessible for modelling? | 55 | ||
| 2. DATA REQUIREMENTS – METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK | 55 | ||
| 2.1. Modelling categories | 55 | ||
| 2.2. Data requirements for the WFD implementation | 59 | ||
| 2.3. Data requirements for modelling | 61 | ||
| 2.4. How and when in the modelling process is the necessary amount of data assessed? | 63 | ||
| 2.5. The relation between data availability and model performance | 66 | ||
| 2.6. Conclusions on methodological considerations regarding data requirements | 67 | ||
| 3. DATA AVAILABILITY | 68 | ||
| 3.1. Methodological considerations | 68 | ||
| 3.2. Information from WFD Article 5 reports (Basis Analysis) | 69 | ||
| 3.3. HarmoniRiB River Basin Network | 70 | ||
| 3.4. Discussion and conclusions regarding data availability in river basins | 77 | ||
| 4. DATA ACCESSIBILITY | 79 | ||
| 4.1. Accessibility for water resources management | 79 | ||
| 4.2. Accessibility for research purposes | 81 | ||
| 5. DATA QUALITY – UNCERTAINTY | 82 | ||
| 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 84 | ||
| 6.1. Data availability | 84 | ||
| Conclusions | 84 | ||
| Recommendations | 85 | ||
| 6.2. Data accessibility | 85 | ||
| Conclusions | 85 | ||
| Recommendations | 86 | ||
| 6.3. Data quality – uncertainty | 86 | ||
| Conclusions | 86 | ||
| Guidance Report II.3: Good practice in joint use of monitoring and modelling | 101 | ||
| 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | 102 | ||
| 2. INTRODUCTION | 104 | ||
| 2.1. Why joint use? | 105 | ||
| 2.2. What are the problems? | 106 | ||
| 2.3. Objectives and target audience of this document | 108 | ||
| 3. MONITORING AND MODELLING WITHIN THE WFD | 109 | ||
| 3.1. WFD monitoring programmes | 109 | ||
| 3.2. Modelling categories | 112 | ||
| 3.3. Balancing precision, data and model concept | 116 | ||
| 4. JOINT USE OF MONITORING AND MODELLING | 117 | ||
| 4.1. Operational modelling support for monitoring | 119 | ||
| 4.1.1. Quality assurance | 119 | ||
| Description | 119 | ||
| Methodologies | 120 | ||
| Relevance for monitoring | 120 | ||
| References | 120 | ||
| 4.1.2. Interpolation and extrapolation in time and space | 120 | ||
| Description | 120 | ||
| Methodologies | 121 | ||
| Relevance for monitoring | 121 | ||
| References | 121 | ||
| 4.1.3. Conceptual model | 122 | ||
| Description | 122 | ||
| Methodologies | 123 | ||
| Relevance for monitoring | 123 | ||
| References | 123 | ||
| 4.1.4. Assess effects of anthropogenic activities | 123 | ||
| Description | 123 | ||
| Methodologies | 125 | ||
| Relevance for monitoring | 125 | ||
| References | 125 | ||
| 4.1.5. Design of monitoring programme | 125 | ||
| Description | 125 | ||
| Methodologies | 126 | ||
| Relevance for monitoring | 126 | ||
| References | 126 | ||
| 4.2. Perspectives for future modelling support for monitoring | 127 | ||
| 4.2.1. Model development | 127 | ||
| 4.2.2. Uncertainty reduction in models | 128 | ||
| 4.2.3. Flood forecasting | 128 | ||
| 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS | 129 | ||
| 6. REFERENCES | 131 | ||
| 7. APPENDIX – CASE STUDIES | 133 | ||
| 7.1. The national water resources model for Denmark (DK-model) | 134 | ||
| 7.1.1. DK-model structure and purpose | 134 | ||
| 7.1.2. DK-model and monitoring | 134 | ||
| Quality assurance | 134 | ||
| Interpolation | 135 | ||
| Conceptual model | 135 | ||
| Anthropogenic activities | 136 | ||
| Design of monitoring programmes | 136 | ||
| Data assimilation | 136 | ||
| 7.1.3. References | 136 | ||
| 7.2. Matsalu River Catchment | 136 | ||
| 7.2.1. Modelling area and purpose | 136 | ||
| 7.2.2. Matsalu model | 137 | ||
| 7.2.3. Matsalu model and monitoring | 139 | ||
| 7.2.4. References | 140 | ||
| 7.3. National Hydrological Forecasting System of Hungary (NHFS) | 140 | ||
| 7.3.1. Structure and operation of the NHFS | 140 | ||
| 7.3.2. NHFS and monitoring | 141 | ||
| Quality assurance | 143 | ||
| Interpolation | 143 | ||
| Conceptual model | 143 | ||
| Data assimilation | 145 | ||
| 7.3.3. References | 146 | ||
| 7.4. Groundwater model in monitoring network design (Monitoring Design) | 147 | ||
| 8. APPENDIX – COMMON FLOW CHART | 149 | ||
| 8.1. Description of steps in flowchart | 150 | ||
| 8.2. Additional Modelling Support | 153 | ||
| 8.2.1. Quality assurance of data | 153 | ||
| 8.2.2. Interpolation/extrapolation | 154 | ||
| 8.2.3. Optimisation of monitoring programmes | 154 | ||
| 8.3. Data | 154 | ||
| 8.3.1. References | 154 | ||
| Guidance Report II.4: Understanding the role of perception and valuation in the development and use of models for water management | 155 | ||
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 156 | ||
| 1.1. Models, modelling and the use of models in water management | 158 | ||
| 1.1.1. Types of models | 160 | ||
| 1.1.2. Use of models | 161 | ||
| 1.2. Actors in model-based water management | 163 | ||
| 1.2.1. Archetypal actors in a modelling context | 163 | ||
| 1.2.2. Some typical interactions | 166 | ||
| 1.3. The human dimension in model-based water management | 168 | ||
| 1.3.1. Model development | 168 | ||
| 1.3.2. Model use | 169 | ||
| 2. HUMAN DIMENSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS | 170 | ||
| 2.1. Perception, framing and model development | 171 | ||
| 2.1.1. Frames, beliefs and values | 171 | ||
| 2.1.2. Re-humanizing our representation of the modelling process | 173 | ||
| 2.1.3. Case study I – Examining influences on integrated assessment model development | 177 | ||
| 2.1.4. Managing differences in perception and frame | 180 | ||
| 2.1.5. Case study II – How frames influence model bounding decisions | 185 | ||
| 2.2. Incorporating human needs, wants, values and behaviours into models | 186 | ||
| 2.2.1. Representing the human dimension in a model | 186 | ||
| 2.2.2. Scenario modelling: how perceptions influence scenario modelling and use | 192 | ||
| 2.2.3. Case study III – The use of scenarios in the MANTRA-East Project | 194 | ||
| 2.2.4. Participatory modelling – What kind of input you are after? | 195 | ||
| 2.2.5. Case study IV – Participatory modelling in South Africa | 197 | ||
| 3. HUMAN DIMENSIONS IN THE USE OF MODELS | 198 | ||
| 3.1. Introduction | 198 | ||
| 3.2. What makes a model useful? | 202 | ||
| 3.3. Models as tools to support action | 208 | ||
| 3.4. Data, information and knowledge | 208 | ||
| 3.5. The role of management and managers: how are models interpreted? | 210 | ||
| 3.6. The strategic use of models in organizations | 211 | ||
| 3.7. Political use of models | 213 | ||
| 3.8. Case study V – Participatory stakeholder analysis for water management in Egypt | 214 | ||
| 4. RECOMMENDATIONS | 217 | ||
| 4.1. Guidance for model commissioners | 217 | ||
| 4.2. Guidance for model developers | 218 | ||
| 4.3. Guidance for model users | 219 | ||
| 5. CONCLUSION | 219 | ||
| 6. REFERENCES | 219 | ||
| Guidance Report II.5: Economic methods, models and instruments for the Water Framework Directive | 227 | ||
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 227 | ||
| 2. THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE WFD | 229 | ||
| 3. KEY ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE WFD | 232 | ||
| 3.1. Integrated water-economic river basin information systems and indicators | 233 | ||
| 3.2. Selection of cost-effective programs of measures to reach the WFD objectives | 236 | ||
| Identification of the environmental objective(s) involved | 237 | ||
| Identification of the sources of pollution, pressures and impacts now and in the future over the appropriate time horizon | 239 | ||
| Quantification of the gap to be bridged | 240 | ||
| Identification of measures to bridge the gap between the reference (baseline) situation and target situation | 240 | ||
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of measures | 240 | ||
| Evaluation of the costs of measures | 241 | ||
| 3.3. Definition and assessment of disproportionate costs to reach the WFD objectives | 241 | ||
| 3.4. Cost recovery of water services | 244 | ||
| 3.5. Environmental and resource costs | 249 | ||
| 3.6. Design, application and evaluation of economic instruments | 254 | ||
| 4. ECONOMIC METHODS, MODELS AND INSTRUMENTS | 259 | ||
| 4.1. Introduction | 259 | ||
| 4.2. Cost-effectiveness analysis | 260 | ||
| 4.3. Cost-benefit analysis | 264 | ||
| 4.4. Non-market valuation methods | 267 | ||
| 4.5. Benefits transfer | 271 | ||
| 4.6. Multi-criteria analysis | 275 | ||
| 4.7. Integrated river basin models | 278 | ||
| 4.8. Economic instruments | 286 | ||
| 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | 290 | ||
| 6. REFERENCES | 291 | ||
| 7. ANNEX: REVIEW OF SELECTED INTEGRATED HYDRO-ECONOMIC MODELS | 296 | ||
| A. Optimising hydropower generation with Powel Integrated Control Centre (ICC) (Samkjøringsmodellen & Vansimptap) | 300 | ||
| Introduction | 301 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 302 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 303 | ||
| B. MIKE Basin & Water Quality Simulator (WQ), including Optimisation using Excel/Visual Basic (VBA) macros | 305 | ||
| Introduction | 306 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 306 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 307 | ||
| C. Eutrobayes – Bayesian belief networks of economic analysis of nutrient mitigation measures | 308 | ||
| Introduction | 309 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 310 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 311 | ||
| References | 312 | ||
| D. AQUATOOL | 313 | ||
| Introduction | 314 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 315 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 315 | ||
| References | 316 | ||
| E. PIREN-Seine modelling toolbox – Ad hoc modelling chains for the implementation of the WFD | 316 | ||
| Introduction | 317 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 318 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 318 | ||
| References | 318 | ||
| F. Decision Support Tool for Irrigation (DSIRR) | 319 | ||
| Introduction | 320 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 320 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 321 | ||
| References | 322 | ||
| G. WaterStrategyMan Project | 322 | ||
| Introduction | 323 | ||
| Interaction water economics | 324 | ||
| Scenarios and policy measures | 325 | ||
| References | 325 |