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Integrating Water Resources Management

BOOK

Integrating Water Resources Management

Geoffrey D. Gooch | Alistair Rieu-Clarke | Per Stalnacke

(2010)

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Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-1-78040-146-1
Edition
1
Language
English
Pages
176
Subjects
The environment
Environmental science, engineering & technology
Water supply & treatment

Abstract

The strategy and methodology for improved IWRM project, (STRIVER) has developed interdisciplinary methods to assess and implement IWRM. Based on the development of a multidisciplinary knowledge base assessment in all case studies (policy, social and natural sciences) and an early stage development of IWRM conceptual framework, this book investigates IWRM in the four selected twinned catchments covering six countries in Europe and Asia. 
Twinning activities based on a problem-based approach have been performed in four case river basins: Tunga Bahdra (2 states in India), Sesan (Vietnam/Cambodia), Glomma (Norway), Tejo/Tagus (Spain/Portugal). The problems covered are water regimes in transboundary regulated rivers; environmental flow; land and water use interaction; and pollution under the IWRM framework. The research used sub-basins of each river basin in all cases to allow more detailed studies and easier integration of all stakeholders, for transferability purposes. Integrating Water Resources Management develops guidelines for interdisciplinary methods to assess and implement IWRM assesses the transferability of case study results enhances the dialogue between decision-makers, stakeholders and scientists disseminates data and information to stakeholders to promote participatory planning and integrated decision-making, taking adequate account of the rights of poor people and gender roles 
More information about the book can be found on the Water Wiki in an article written by the author here: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/IntegratingWaterResourcesManagement

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Half title 1
Title 3
Copyright 4
Contents 5
Contributors 11
Preface 15
Chapter 1: STRIVER in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management 17
1.1 IWRM – AN EVOLVING CONCEPT AND ITS BARRIERS 17
1.2 THE OVERALL AIM AND ROLE OF STRIVER 18
1.3 THE STRIVER CASE STUDY BASINS 19
1.4 FOCUS AREAS WITHIN STRIVER 20
1.4.1 Multidisciplinary baseline assessment and initial stakeholder dialogue 21
1.4.2 IWRM assessment 21
1.4.3 A problem-based approach 23
1.4.3.1 Transboundary water regimes in highly regulated rivers (Sesan and Tagus) 23
1.4.3.2 Water pollution and models (Tungabhadra and Glomma) 23
1.4.3.3 Environmental Flow (Sesan and Glomma) 23
1.4.3.4 Land and water use interactions (Tungabhadra and Tagus) 24
1.4.3.5 Guidance and strategies for decision support and River Basin management plans in case basins 24
1.5 CHAPTER OUTLINE AND APPROACH 24
1.6 REFERENCES 26
Chapter 2: IWRM status in the Glomma River basin 29
2.1 INTRODUCTION 29
2.2 THE GLOMMA RIVER BASIN AND ITS PRESSURES 30
2.3 IWRM STATUS IN GLOMMA 32
2.3.1 Protection of the catchment 32
2.3.1.1 The successful Lake Mjøsa abatement programme 33
2.3.1.2 The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 34
2.3.2 Measures to ensure efficient use of water 34
2.3.3 Institutional analysis 35
2.3.3.1 The water governance system in the Glomma and the integration principle 35
2.3.3.2 Institutional Integration 36
2.3.3.3 Public participation, access to information and decision making 37
2.3.4 Capacity building in the Glomma River basin 38
2.3.5 Transboundary issues and the Glomma River 38
2.4 FINAL REMARKS 38
2.5 REFERENCES 39
Chapter 3: Modeling water nutrient pollution with stakeholders involvement 41
3.1 INTRODUCTION 41
3.2 DATA CONSTRUCTION AND MODEL SET-UP 42
3.2.1 Data availability 42
3.2.2 Modeling set-up 42
3.2.2.1 Spatial discretisation 42
3.2.2.2 Land cover and crop types 42
3.2.2.3 Soils 43
3.2.2.4 Weather information 44
3.2.2.5 Point sources and scattered dwellings 44
3.2.2.6 Fertilizer applications and management operations 44
3.3 MODEL CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION 45
3.3.1 Water flow 45
3.3.2 Water quality 45
3.4 ANALYSIS OF SCENARIOS 46
3.4.1 Development of scenarios 46
3.4.2 Results of scenarios 47
3.4.2.1 Scenario 1 – Reduced ploughing 47
3.4.2.2 Scenario 2 – Optimal fertilization 47
3.4.2.3 Scenario 3 – Increase in vegetables/berry production 48
3.5 ADVANTAGES OF INVOLVING STAKEHOLDERS 48
3.6 CONCLUSIONS 49
3.7 REFERENCES 49
Chapter 4: Pressure-impact multi-criteria environmental flow analysis: Application in the Øyeren delta, Glomma River basin, Norway 51
4.1 INTRODUCTION 51
4.2 TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL OR COMPENSATION FLOW IN NORWAY 52
4.3 OVERVIEW OF PIMCEFA 53
4.4 THE APPLICATION OF PIMCEFA TO ØYEREN 54
4.4.1 Stakeholders identify range of alternatives 54
4.4.2 Experts identify impacts and their indicators 55
4.4.3 Experts identify critical river reaches and time periods 56
4.4.4 Experts construct pressure-impact curves 57
4.4.5 Consultant inputs alternative-impacts matrix for critical reaches and periods 58
4.4.6 Dealing with uncertain expert judgment 58
4.4.7 Consultant generates multi-criteria ranking using software 59
4.4.8 Stakeholders compare importance of impacts 60
4.4.9 Hydropower producers calculate production level at different flow alternatives 60
4.4.10 Stakeholders/policy-makers weigh cost of foregone hydropower against optimal multiple use environmental flow alternatives 61
4.5 OTHER MULTI CRITERIA APPROACHES TO ESTABLISHING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW 61
4.6 CONCLUSIONS – POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODOLOGY 63
4.7 REFERENCES 64
Chapter 5: IWRM status in the Tagus River basin 65
5.1 INTRODUCTION 65
5.2 THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN 65
5.3 WATER USES AND PRESSURES IN THE BASIN 65
5.4 WATER CONFLICTS IN THE TAGUS BASIN 67
5.5 THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IWRM IN THE TAGUS BASIN 68
5.5.1 Transboundary arrangements 68
5.5.2 Institutional arrangements at the national level 69
5.5.2.1 Spain 69
5.5.2.2 Portugal 70
5.5.3 Stakeholder participation in the Tagus River basin 71
5.6 KEY CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING IWRM 71
5.6.1 Water availability and allocation issues 71
5.6.2 Water quality and ecological status 73
5.6.3 Stakeholder participation in water management 73
5.6.4 Legal and institutional aspects 74
5.7 REFERENCES 74
Chapter 6: The legal framework for the Tagus River basin 77
6.1 INTRODUCTION 77
6.2 INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND BI-LATERAL COMMITMENTS 77
6.2.1 Multilateral agreements 77
6.2.2 Regional agreements – the UN ECE 78
6.2.3 Regional agreements – the EC 79
6.2.4 Bi-lateral agreements 79
6.3 NATIONAL LAWS 80
6.3.1 Law and policy development 81
6.3.2 Water allocation and prioritization measures 81
6.3.3 Protection of aquatic ecosystems 81
6.3.4 Broader governance arrangements that influence IWRM law 81
6.3.4.1 Access to information 82
6.3.4.2 Participation in decision-making 83
6.3.4.3 Access to justice 83
6.3.5 Challenges in implementing IWRM related law 84
6.4 REFERENCES 85
Chapter 7: Innovative technology and institutional options in Rainfed and irrigated agriculture in the Tagus basin 87
7.1 INTRODUCTION 87
7.2 RAINFED AGRICULTURE IN THE TAGUS BASIN 88
7.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE 89
7.4 PROMISING OPTIONS IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE 93
7.5 CONCLUSIONS 96
7.6 REFERENCES 96
Chapter 8: IWRM status in the Tungabhadra sub-basin 99
8.1 INTRODUCTION 99
8.2 THE CONTEXT OF THE TUNGABHADRA BASIN 100
8.3 AN ASSESSMENT OF IWRM WITHIN THE TUNGABHADRA 101
8.3.1 Protection of the catchment and the environment 101
8.3.2 Measures to ensure efficient and equitable use of water 103
8.3.3 Institutional analysis and stakeholder involvement in water management 103
8.3.3.1 Institutional structure 103
8.3.3.2 Access to information for stakeholders 104
8.3.3.3 Decision-making amongst stakeholders 105
8.3.4 Capacity building 105
8.3.5 Transboundary issues 106
8.4 CONCLUSION 106
8.5 REFERENCES 106
Chapter 9: Integrating tanks into the larger waterscape in the Tungabhadra 109
9.1 INTRODUCTION 109
9.2 CHANGING WATERSCAPES IN THE TUNGABHADRA SUB-BASIN 109
9.2.1 Changing historical contexts 109
9.2.2 The change in waterscape profiles 111
9.2.3 The decline of tanks 112
9.3 THE PRESENT SITUATION OF TANKS IN THE UPPER CATCHMENT OF THE TUNGABHADRA SUB-BASIN 112
9.3.1 Tanks still form an important irrigation source 113
9.3.2 Tanks have multiple uses 113
9.3.3 Shortage of water 114
9.3.4 Wells and conjunctive use 115
9.3.5 Crop preferences 115
9.4 TANKS CAN PLAY A VITAL ROLE IN EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE IWRM 115
9.4.1 Prioritizing rehabilitation 116
9.4.2 Multi-purpose community resources 116
9.4.3 Potentially more dispersed, more equitable IWRM instruments 116
9.4.4 Need to go beyond participatory irrigation management 116
9.5 INTEGRATING TANKS INTO THE LARGER WATERSCAPE: MAKING INTEGRATION A POSITIVE SUM GAME 117
9.5.1 Tanks that receive water from the larger system 117
9.5.2 Breaking the conceptual barrier: integrating irrigated and rain-fed farming 118
9.5.3 From command areas and irrigators to service areas and water user communities 118
9.5.4 Grounding integration: minimum water assurance 119
9.5.5 ‘Melons on a vine’ 119
9.6 CONCLUSION 119
9.6.1 Approach towards local water systems 120
9.6.2 Approach towards larger water systems 120
9.7 REFERENCES 120
Chapter 10: Water quality assessment and water pollution modeling in the Tungabhadra River basin 121
10.1 INTRODUCTION 121
10.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 122
10.3 APPROACH TO HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING 122
10.4 THE SWAT MODEL 123
10.5 MODEL IMPLEMENTATION AND DATA AVAILABILITY PROBLEMS IN THE TUNGABHADRA BASIN 124
10.6 RESULTS OF MODELING 128
10.7 SCENARIO ANALYSIS 131
10.8 CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS 134
10.9 REFERENCES 134
Chapter 11: Tungabhadra sub-basin: Recommendations 137
11.1 THE BASIN CONTEXT AND ISSUES 137
11.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 138
11.2.1 Inter-sectoral integration 138
11.2.2 Source integration 140
11.2.3 Institutional and policy integration and stakeholder participation 140
11.2.4 Access to data and information 141
11.2.5 Training and capacity building 142
11.3 REFERENCES 142
Chapter 12: IWRM status in the Sesan River basin 145
12.1 INTRODUCTION 145
12.2 THE BASIN CONTEXT 147
12.3 IWRM STATUS IN THE SESAN 148
12.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA) AND THE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SESAN 148
12.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SESAN 149
12.5.1 Governance of the Sesan 149
12.5.2 Participation 152
12.6 INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES RELATED TO IWRM IN THE SESAN 153
12.7 CONCLUSIONS 155
12.8 REFERENCES 155
Chapter 13: Water quality in the Sesan River – Role of natural scientific facts and figures 157
13.1 INTRODUCTION AND STUDY OBJECTIVE 157
13.2 MAJOR FACTS ABOUT THE SESAN RIVER BASIN 158
13.2.1 Example of official monitoring of water quality in Sesan 159
13.3 FIELD STUDY AND METHOD 160
13.4 RESULTS 161
13.4.1 Health effects of cyanobacteria 161
13.4.2 Cyanobacteria, toxins and algae composition in Sesan River 162
13.4.3 Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria 164
13.4.5 Chemistry 165
13.5 FIELD STUDY SUMMARY 165
13.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 165
13.7 REFERENCES 165
Chapter 14: STRIVER – Overall findings 167
14.1 INTRODUCTION 167
14.2 THE IWRM STATUS IN THE FOUR STRIVER BASINS 167
14.3 SCENARIOS DEVELOPMENT 169
14.4 STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION 170
14.5 ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW METHODOLOGY WITH SCIENCE-STAKEHOLDER INTERACTION AND STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION 171
14.6 TRANSBOUNDARY CONFLICTS AND WATER GOVERNANCE 171
14.7 POLLUTION MODELING WITH STAKEHOLDERS 172
14.8 LAND AND WATER USE INTERACTIONS 173
14.9 STRIVER GUIDANCE AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT 173
14.9.1 Major findings 174
14.9.2 Concluding remarks: some reflections on how to strengthen European research from the perspective of IWRM 175
14.10 REFERENCES 175

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