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Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters

Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters

Olcay Tunay | Isik Kabdasli | Idil Arslan-Alaton | Tugba Olmez-Hanci

(2010)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case-specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of-merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. 
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters is an essential reference for lecturers, researchers, industrial and environmental engineers and practitioners working in the field of environmental science and engineering.   
Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/CHEMICALOXIDATIONAPPLICATIONSFORINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERS
Authors: Professor Olcay Tünay,  Professor Isik Kabdasli, Associate Professor Idil Arslan-Alaton and Assistant Professor Tugba Ölmez-Hanci, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.  

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Half Title i
Title iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Foreword xi
Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1 Redox processes 1
1.1.2 Thermodynamics of redox reactions 2
1.1.3 Application of redox processes 10
1.2 CHEMICALS USED IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 11
1.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES 13
1.4 ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCCSSES 15
1.4.1 Chemical advanced oxidation processes 16
1.4.1.1 Ozonation at high pH and ozonation in the presence of H⊂2O⊂2 16
1.4.1.2 Catalytic ozonation 17
1.4.1.3 Fenton process 18
1.4.1.4 Wet air oxidation 18
1.4.1.5 Supercritical water oxidation 19
1.4.1.6 Sonolysis and enhanced sonolysis (US/O⊂3; US/O⊂3/H⊂2O⊂2; US/UV/TiO⊂2) 20
1.4.2 Photochemical advanced oxidation processes 22
1.4.2.1 Photolysis of H⊂2O⊂2 22
1.4.2.2 Photolysis of O⊂3 and the O⊂3/H⊂2O⊂2/UV system 22
1.4.2.3 Photo-Fenton processes 23
1.4.2.4 Semiconductor-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis 24
REFERENCES 25
Chapter 2: Textile industry 31
2.1 INTRODUCTION 31
2.2 POLLUTANTS EMERGING FROM TEXTILE PREPARATION, DYEING AND FINISHING ACTIVITIES 33
2.3 WATER CONSUMPTION 40
2.4 CONVENTIONAL END-OF-PIPE TREATMENT 41
2.5 ADVANCED AND EMERGING TREATMENT PROCESSES 44
2.5.1 Electrocoagulation 44
2.5.2 Electrochemical treatment (anodic oxidation) 49
2.5.3 Photoelectrocatalysis 53
2.5.4 TiO⊂2-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis 54
2.5.5 Ozonation 55
2.5.6 Homogenous and heterogeneous Fenton’s processes 57
2.5.7 AOP Combinations 59
2.5.8 Wet air oxidation 60
2.5.9 Supercritical water oxidation 61
2.5.10 Electron beam irradiation 62
2.5.11 AOP involving power ultrasound 63
2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 65
REFERENCES 66
Chapter 3: Leather tanning industry 71
3.1 LEATHER TANNING INDUSTRY 71
3.1.1 Overview 71
3.1.2 Production processes 72
3.1.3 Wastewater generation and characterisation 74
3.1.4 In-plant control and clean technologies 79
3.1.5 Wastewater treatment 82
3.2 OXIDATION PROCESSES 85
3.2.1 Sulphide oxidation 85
3.2.1.1 Oxidation of sulphide by air oxygen 85
3.2.1.2 Sulphide oxidation by hydrogen peroxide 92
3.2.1.3 Electrochemical oxidation 93
3.2.1.4 Other sulphide oxidation methods 94
3.2.2 Oxidation applications to raw wastewater 95
3.2.2.1 Electrochemical oxidation and electrocoagulation 95
3.2.2.2 Ozone oxidation 96
3.2.3 Oxidation applications to pre-treated wastewater 97
3.2.3.1 Ozone oxidation 97
3.2.3.2 Other chemical oxidation methods 97
3.2.4 Oxidation applications to biologically treated effluents 98
3.2.4.1 Electrochemical oxidation and electrocoagulation 98
3.2.4.2 Ozonation 99
3.2.5 Colour removal by chemical oxidation 100
3.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 101
REFERENCES 101
Chapter 4: Metal finishing industry 107
4.1 METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY 107
4.1.1 Overview 107
4.1.2 Production processes 108
4.1.3 Wastewater sources 110
4.1.4 Wastewater characterisation 112
4.1.5 In-plant control and clean technologies 116
4.1.6 Conventional end-of-pipe wastewater treatment 118
4.2 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION PROCESSES 121
4.2.1 Cyanide destruction 121
4.2.1.1 Alkaline chlorination 121
4.2.1.2 Ozonation 124
4.2.1.3 Oxidation by H⊂2O⊂2 126
4.2.1.4 Sulphur dioxide/air process 128
4.2.1.5 Oxidation by chlorine dioxide 128
4.2.1.6 Hexavalent ferrate oxidation 129
4.2.1.7 Photochemical and photocatalytic oxidation methods 130
4.2.1.8 Other methods 131
4.2.2 Hexavalent chromium reduction 132
4.2.2.1 Chemical reduction by the reduced sulphur compounds 132
4.2.2.2 Chemical reduction by iron and iron compounds 134
4.2.2.3 Electrochemical oxidation and generation 136
4.2.3 Complexed metal bearing wastewater treatment 137
4.2.3.1 Chemical reduction 138
4.2.3.2 Other methods 140
4.2.4 Recovery of precious and common metals 140
4.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 142
REFERENCES 143
Chapter 5: Pharmaceutical industry 149
5.1 INTRODUCTION 149
5.2 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 150
5.2.1 Pharmaceutical products 150
5.2.1.1 Medicals and botanicals (SIC 2833) 151
5.2.1.2 Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834) 151
5.2.1.3 In vivo and in vitro diagnostic substances (SIC 2835) 152
5.2.1.4 Biological products, diagnostics excluded (SIC 2836) 152
5.2.2 Pharmaceutical processes 152
5.2.2.1 Research and development 152
5.2.2.2 The conversion of organic and natural substances into bulk pharmaceutical substances or ingredients through fermentation, extraction, and/or chemical synthesis 153
5.2.2.3 The formulation, mixing and compounding of final pharmaceutical products 154
5.3 RAW MATERIAL INPUTS AND POLLUTANT OUTPUTS 154
5.3.1 Chemical synthesis 154
5.3.2 Natural product extraction 154
5.3.3 Fermentation 154
5.3.4 Formulation 155
5.4 IN-PLANT CONTROL STRATEGLES 155
5.5. CONVENTIONA TREATMENT METHODS 156
5.6 ADVANCED AND EMERGING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 158
5.6.1 Ozone and combinations 158
5.6.2 The H⊂2O⊂2/UV-C process 169
5.6.3 Fenton’s reagent and combinations 170
5.6.4 Photo-Fenton processes 176
5.6.5 Heterogeneous photocatalytic processes 181
5.6.6 Wet peroxide oxidation 183
5.6.7 Power ultrasound 186
5.6.8 Process combinations (hybrid systems) 188
5.6.9 Comparative studies 190
5.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 192
REFERENCES 193
Chapter 6: Pulp and paper industry 199
6.1 PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY 199
6.1.1 Overview 199
6.1.2 Pulp and paper manufacturing processes 200
6.1.2.1 Fibre furnish and fibre furnish preparation and handling 202
6.1.2.2 Pulping process 203
6.1.2.3 Chemical recovery processes 205
6.1.2.4 Pulp processing 205
6.1.2.5 Bleaching 206
6.1.2.6 Stock preparation 207
6.1.2.7 Paper and paperboard making processes 207
6.1.3 Wastewater sources 208
6.1.4 Wastewater characterisation 209
6.1.5 Pollution prevention and control 211
6.1.6 Treatment technologies 216
6.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES 217
6.2.1 Pretreatment applications 217
6.2.2 Post-treatment applications 227
6.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 229
REFERENCES 230
Chapter 7: Pesticide industry 235
7.1 PESTICIDE INDUSTRY 235
7.1.1 Overview 235
7.1.2 Pesticide manufacturing processes 237
7.1.2.1 Halogenated organic pesticides 238
7.1.2.2 Nitrogen-containing pesticides 240
7.1.2.3 Metallo-organic pesticides 240
7.1.3 Pesticide formulating, packaging & repackaging processes 240
7.1.4 Wastewater sources 242
7.1.5 Wastewater characterisation 243
7.1.6 Pollution prevention and control 247
7.1.7 Treatment technologies 248
7.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES 250
7.2.1 Cyanide oxidation 252
7.2.2 Priority pollutant pesticide oxidation 253
7.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 261
REFERENCES 261
Chapter 8: Gold and silver mining 267
8.1 GOLD AND SILVER MINING 267
8.1.1 Overview 267
8.1.2 Production processes 268
8.1.3 Waste sources 270
8.1.4 Waste characterisation 271
8.1.5 In-process control technologies 272
8.1.6 Conventional end-of-pipe wastewater treatment 274
8.2 CYANIDE OXIDATION PROCESSES 274
8.2.1 Alkaline chlorination 274
8.2.2 Copper catalysed hydrogen peroxide oxidation 275
8.2.3 INCO sulphur dioxide/air process 277
8.2.4 Ozonation 280
8.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 280
REFERENCES 281
Chapter 9: Chemicals industry 285
9.1 CHEMICALS INDUSTRY 285
9.1.1 Overview 285
9.1.2 Production processes 286
9.1.3 Wastewater generation and characteristics 287
9.1.4 In-plant control and clean technologies 287
9.1.5 Wastewater treatment 288
9.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES 289
9.2.1 Wet air oxidation 289
9.2.2 Electrochemical processes 290
9.2.3 Ozonation 293
9.2.4 Advanced oxidation methods 293
9.2.5 Sonochemical degradation 296
9.2.6 Developing methods 297
9.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 297
REFERENCES 298
Chapter 10: Other industries and municipal landfill leachate 305
10.1 ALCOHOL DISTILLERIES 305
10.1.1 Industry overview, processes and wastewater character 305
10.1.2 Oxidation processes 307
10.2 OLIVE OIL INDUSTRY 311
10.2.1 Industry overview, processes and wastewater character 311
10.2.2 Oxidation processes 313
10.3 MUNICIPAL LANDFILL LEACHATE 316
10.3.1 Overview 316
10.3.2 Oxidation methods applied to landfill leachate 317
REFERENCES 320
Index 327