BOOK
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters
Olcay Tunay | Isik Kabdasli | Idil Arslan-Alaton | Tugba Olmez-Hanci
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case-specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of-merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes.
Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters is an essential reference for lecturers, researchers, industrial and environmental engineers and practitioners working in the field of environmental science and engineering.
Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/CHEMICALOXIDATIONAPPLICATIONSFORINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERS
Authors: Professor Olcay Tünay, Professor Isik Kabdasli, Associate Professor Idil Arslan-Alaton and Assistant Professor Tugba Ölmez-Hanci, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half Title | i | ||
| Title | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword | xi | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction to redox reactions | 1 | ||
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| 1.1.1 Redox processes | 1 | ||
| 1.1.2 Thermodynamics of redox reactions | 2 | ||
| 1.1.3 Application of redox processes | 10 | ||
| 1.2 CHEMICALS USED IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT | 11 | ||
| 1.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES | 13 | ||
| 1.4 ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCCSSES | 15 | ||
| 1.4.1 Chemical advanced oxidation processes | 16 | ||
| 1.4.1.1 Ozonation at high pH and ozonation in the presence of H⊂2O⊂2 | 16 | ||
| 1.4.1.2 Catalytic ozonation | 17 | ||
| 1.4.1.3 Fenton process | 18 | ||
| 1.4.1.4 Wet air oxidation | 18 | ||
| 1.4.1.5 Supercritical water oxidation | 19 | ||
| 1.4.1.6 Sonolysis and enhanced sonolysis (US/O⊂3; US/O⊂3/H⊂2O⊂2; US/UV/TiO⊂2) | 20 | ||
| 1.4.2 Photochemical advanced oxidation processes | 22 | ||
| 1.4.2.1 Photolysis of H⊂2O⊂2 | 22 | ||
| 1.4.2.2 Photolysis of O⊂3 and the O⊂3/H⊂2O⊂2/UV system | 22 | ||
| 1.4.2.3 Photo-Fenton processes | 23 | ||
| 1.4.2.4 Semiconductor-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis | 24 | ||
| REFERENCES | 25 | ||
| Chapter 2: Textile industry | 31 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 31 | ||
| 2.2 POLLUTANTS EMERGING FROM TEXTILE PREPARATION, DYEING AND FINISHING ACTIVITIES | 33 | ||
| 2.3 WATER CONSUMPTION | 40 | ||
| 2.4 CONVENTIONAL END-OF-PIPE TREATMENT | 41 | ||
| 2.5 ADVANCED AND EMERGING TREATMENT PROCESSES | 44 | ||
| 2.5.1 Electrocoagulation | 44 | ||
| 2.5.2 Electrochemical treatment (anodic oxidation) | 49 | ||
| 2.5.3 Photoelectrocatalysis | 53 | ||
| 2.5.4 TiO⊂2-mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis | 54 | ||
| 2.5.5 Ozonation | 55 | ||
| 2.5.6 Homogenous and heterogeneous Fenton’s processes | 57 | ||
| 2.5.7 AOP Combinations | 59 | ||
| 2.5.8 Wet air oxidation | 60 | ||
| 2.5.9 Supercritical water oxidation | 61 | ||
| 2.5.10 Electron beam irradiation | 62 | ||
| 2.5.11 AOP involving power ultrasound | 63 | ||
| 2.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 65 | ||
| REFERENCES | 66 | ||
| Chapter 3: Leather tanning industry | 71 | ||
| 3.1 LEATHER TANNING INDUSTRY | 71 | ||
| 3.1.1 Overview | 71 | ||
| 3.1.2 Production processes | 72 | ||
| 3.1.3 Wastewater generation and characterisation | 74 | ||
| 3.1.4 In-plant control and clean technologies | 79 | ||
| 3.1.5 Wastewater treatment | 82 | ||
| 3.2 OXIDATION PROCESSES | 85 | ||
| 3.2.1 Sulphide oxidation | 85 | ||
| 3.2.1.1 Oxidation of sulphide by air oxygen | 85 | ||
| 3.2.1.2 Sulphide oxidation by hydrogen peroxide | 92 | ||
| 3.2.1.3 Electrochemical oxidation | 93 | ||
| 3.2.1.4 Other sulphide oxidation methods | 94 | ||
| 3.2.2 Oxidation applications to raw wastewater | 95 | ||
| 3.2.2.1 Electrochemical oxidation and electrocoagulation | 95 | ||
| 3.2.2.2 Ozone oxidation | 96 | ||
| 3.2.3 Oxidation applications to pre-treated wastewater | 97 | ||
| 3.2.3.1 Ozone oxidation | 97 | ||
| 3.2.3.2 Other chemical oxidation methods | 97 | ||
| 3.2.4 Oxidation applications to biologically treated effluents | 98 | ||
| 3.2.4.1 Electrochemical oxidation and electrocoagulation | 98 | ||
| 3.2.4.2 Ozonation | 99 | ||
| 3.2.5 Colour removal by chemical oxidation | 100 | ||
| 3.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 101 | ||
| REFERENCES | 101 | ||
| Chapter 4: Metal finishing industry | 107 | ||
| 4.1 METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY | 107 | ||
| 4.1.1 Overview | 107 | ||
| 4.1.2 Production processes | 108 | ||
| 4.1.3 Wastewater sources | 110 | ||
| 4.1.4 Wastewater characterisation | 112 | ||
| 4.1.5 In-plant control and clean technologies | 116 | ||
| 4.1.6 Conventional end-of-pipe wastewater treatment | 118 | ||
| 4.2 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION PROCESSES | 121 | ||
| 4.2.1 Cyanide destruction | 121 | ||
| 4.2.1.1 Alkaline chlorination | 121 | ||
| 4.2.1.2 Ozonation | 124 | ||
| 4.2.1.3 Oxidation by H⊂2O⊂2 | 126 | ||
| 4.2.1.4 Sulphur dioxide/air process | 128 | ||
| 4.2.1.5 Oxidation by chlorine dioxide | 128 | ||
| 4.2.1.6 Hexavalent ferrate oxidation | 129 | ||
| 4.2.1.7 Photochemical and photocatalytic oxidation methods | 130 | ||
| 4.2.1.8 Other methods | 131 | ||
| 4.2.2 Hexavalent chromium reduction | 132 | ||
| 4.2.2.1 Chemical reduction by the reduced sulphur compounds | 132 | ||
| 4.2.2.2 Chemical reduction by iron and iron compounds | 134 | ||
| 4.2.2.3 Electrochemical oxidation and generation | 136 | ||
| 4.2.3 Complexed metal bearing wastewater treatment | 137 | ||
| 4.2.3.1 Chemical reduction | 138 | ||
| 4.2.3.2 Other methods | 140 | ||
| 4.2.4 Recovery of precious and common metals | 140 | ||
| 4.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 142 | ||
| REFERENCES | 143 | ||
| Chapter 5: Pharmaceutical industry | 149 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 149 | ||
| 5.2 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES | 150 | ||
| 5.2.1 Pharmaceutical products | 150 | ||
| 5.2.1.1 Medicals and botanicals (SIC 2833) | 151 | ||
| 5.2.1.2 Pharmaceutical preparations (SIC 2834) | 151 | ||
| 5.2.1.3 In vivo and in vitro diagnostic substances (SIC 2835) | 152 | ||
| 5.2.1.4 Biological products, diagnostics excluded (SIC 2836) | 152 | ||
| 5.2.2 Pharmaceutical processes | 152 | ||
| 5.2.2.1 Research and development | 152 | ||
| 5.2.2.2 The conversion of organic and natural substances into bulk pharmaceutical substances or ingredients through fermentation, extraction, and/or chemical synthesis | 153 | ||
| 5.2.2.3 The formulation, mixing and compounding of final pharmaceutical products | 154 | ||
| 5.3 RAW MATERIAL INPUTS AND POLLUTANT OUTPUTS | 154 | ||
| 5.3.1 Chemical synthesis | 154 | ||
| 5.3.2 Natural product extraction | 154 | ||
| 5.3.3 Fermentation | 154 | ||
| 5.3.4 Formulation | 155 | ||
| 5.4 IN-PLANT CONTROL STRATEGLES | 155 | ||
| 5.5. CONVENTIONA TREATMENT METHODS | 156 | ||
| 5.6 ADVANCED AND EMERGING TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES | 158 | ||
| 5.6.1 Ozone and combinations | 158 | ||
| 5.6.2 The H⊂2O⊂2/UV-C process | 169 | ||
| 5.6.3 Fenton’s reagent and combinations | 170 | ||
| 5.6.4 Photo-Fenton processes | 176 | ||
| 5.6.5 Heterogeneous photocatalytic processes | 181 | ||
| 5.6.6 Wet peroxide oxidation | 183 | ||
| 5.6.7 Power ultrasound | 186 | ||
| 5.6.8 Process combinations (hybrid systems) | 188 | ||
| 5.6.9 Comparative studies | 190 | ||
| 5.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 192 | ||
| REFERENCES | 193 | ||
| Chapter 6: Pulp and paper industry | 199 | ||
| 6.1 PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY | 199 | ||
| 6.1.1 Overview | 199 | ||
| 6.1.2 Pulp and paper manufacturing processes | 200 | ||
| 6.1.2.1 Fibre furnish and fibre furnish preparation and handling | 202 | ||
| 6.1.2.2 Pulping process | 203 | ||
| 6.1.2.3 Chemical recovery processes | 205 | ||
| 6.1.2.4 Pulp processing | 205 | ||
| 6.1.2.5 Bleaching | 206 | ||
| 6.1.2.6 Stock preparation | 207 | ||
| 6.1.2.7 Paper and paperboard making processes | 207 | ||
| 6.1.3 Wastewater sources | 208 | ||
| 6.1.4 Wastewater characterisation | 209 | ||
| 6.1.5 Pollution prevention and control | 211 | ||
| 6.1.6 Treatment technologies | 216 | ||
| 6.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES | 217 | ||
| 6.2.1 Pretreatment applications | 217 | ||
| 6.2.2 Post-treatment applications | 227 | ||
| 6.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 229 | ||
| REFERENCES | 230 | ||
| Chapter 7: Pesticide industry | 235 | ||
| 7.1 PESTICIDE INDUSTRY | 235 | ||
| 7.1.1 Overview | 235 | ||
| 7.1.2 Pesticide manufacturing processes | 237 | ||
| 7.1.2.1 Halogenated organic pesticides | 238 | ||
| 7.1.2.2 Nitrogen-containing pesticides | 240 | ||
| 7.1.2.3 Metallo-organic pesticides | 240 | ||
| 7.1.3 Pesticide formulating, packaging & repackaging processes | 240 | ||
| 7.1.4 Wastewater sources | 242 | ||
| 7.1.5 Wastewater characterisation | 243 | ||
| 7.1.6 Pollution prevention and control | 247 | ||
| 7.1.7 Treatment technologies | 248 | ||
| 7.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES | 250 | ||
| 7.2.1 Cyanide oxidation | 252 | ||
| 7.2.2 Priority pollutant pesticide oxidation | 253 | ||
| 7.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 261 | ||
| REFERENCES | 261 | ||
| Chapter 8: Gold and silver mining | 267 | ||
| 8.1 GOLD AND SILVER MINING | 267 | ||
| 8.1.1 Overview | 267 | ||
| 8.1.2 Production processes | 268 | ||
| 8.1.3 Waste sources | 270 | ||
| 8.1.4 Waste characterisation | 271 | ||
| 8.1.5 In-process control technologies | 272 | ||
| 8.1.6 Conventional end-of-pipe wastewater treatment | 274 | ||
| 8.2 CYANIDE OXIDATION PROCESSES | 274 | ||
| 8.2.1 Alkaline chlorination | 274 | ||
| 8.2.2 Copper catalysed hydrogen peroxide oxidation | 275 | ||
| 8.2.3 INCO sulphur dioxide/air process | 277 | ||
| 8.2.4 Ozonation | 280 | ||
| 8.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 280 | ||
| REFERENCES | 281 | ||
| Chapter 9: Chemicals industry | 285 | ||
| 9.1 CHEMICALS INDUSTRY | 285 | ||
| 9.1.1 Overview | 285 | ||
| 9.1.2 Production processes | 286 | ||
| 9.1.3 Wastewater generation and characteristics | 287 | ||
| 9.1.4 In-plant control and clean technologies | 287 | ||
| 9.1.5 Wastewater treatment | 288 | ||
| 9.2 CHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESSES | 289 | ||
| 9.2.1 Wet air oxidation | 289 | ||
| 9.2.2 Electrochemical processes | 290 | ||
| 9.2.3 Ozonation | 293 | ||
| 9.2.4 Advanced oxidation methods | 293 | ||
| 9.2.5 Sonochemical degradation | 296 | ||
| 9.2.6 Developing methods | 297 | ||
| 9.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 297 | ||
| REFERENCES | 298 | ||
| Chapter 10: Other industries and municipal landfill leachate | 305 | ||
| 10.1 ALCOHOL DISTILLERIES | 305 | ||
| 10.1.1 Industry overview, processes and wastewater character | 305 | ||
| 10.1.2 Oxidation processes | 307 | ||
| 10.2 OLIVE OIL INDUSTRY | 311 | ||
| 10.2.1 Industry overview, processes and wastewater character | 311 | ||
| 10.2.2 Oxidation processes | 313 | ||
| 10.3 MUNICIPAL LANDFILL LEACHATE | 316 | ||
| 10.3.1 Overview | 316 | ||
| 10.3.2 Oxidation methods applied to landfill leachate | 317 | ||
| REFERENCES | 320 | ||
| Index | 327 |