BOOK
Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
During the last decade membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has grown up to be state of the art in municipal wastewater treatment. Since 1999 the Erftverband has designed, tendered and commissioned three MBR for municipal wastewater treatment in Germany, with capacities from 3,000 to 45,000 m³/d. The Erftverband was one of the pioneers in the full scale application of the technology regularly hosted training and information workshops for plant designers and operators from all over the world.
Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment provides hands-on information on many aspects of MBR technology based on more than ten years of practical experience in the operation of MBR plants with hollow-fiber microfiltration units. It gives details on process configuration, investment and operation costs based on case studies and also in comparison to data from conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment processes.
The book contains the most recent research findings as Erftverband has been collaborating on many of the major European research projects dedicated to MBR technology. Actual process data from all treatment steps of the plants (mechanical pre-treatment, bioreactors, filtration, membrane cleaning) gives an insight into the long-term performance of the MBR plants and into the possible do’s and dont's of full scale applications and the potential for further process optimisation. It is a good source of practical advice on tendering and construction, plant management and operation. Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment is essential reading for practitioners and researchers, providing information on many aspects of MBR technology, including actual process data, graphs and pictures that illustrate the challenges of MBR design and operation.
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Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Half Title | 1 | ||
Title | 3 | ||
Copyright | 4 | ||
Contents | 5 | ||
Chapter 1: Introduction | 13 | ||
WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS | 13 | ||
WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE OPERATIONAL AREA | 15 | ||
THE ROLE OF END USERS IN THE MEMBRANE BUSINESS | 17 | ||
REFERENCES | 18 | ||
Chapter 2: Design and process configuration of MBR plants | 21 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 21 | ||
PRETREATMENT | 22 | ||
BIOREACTOR AND PROCESS LAYOUT | 23 | ||
MEMBRANE FILTRATION COMPARTMENT | 24 | ||
DESIGN OF THE RODINGEN MBR | 27 | ||
DESIGN OF THE NORDKANAL MBR | 28 | ||
DESIGN OF THE GLESSEN MBR | 32 | ||
GENERAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS | 35 | ||
Nutrient Removal | 35 | ||
Mass balances for different process configurations | 36 | ||
Inside or Outside Configuration | 37 | ||
Projected Design Workflow | 38 | ||
SIMULATION AS A DESIGN TOOL | 39 | ||
CFD Modelling | 39 | ||
Biokinetic Modelling | 40 | ||
Flow Characteristics | 41 | ||
Inflow Characterisation and Model Calibration | 43 | ||
Results | 44 | ||
REFERENCES | 45 | ||
Chapter 3: Performance of the wastewater treatment process | 47 | ||
PRETREATMENT | 47 | ||
AERATION AND OXYGEN SUPPLY | 50 | ||
Process Aeration | 50 | ||
Air Scouring | 51 | ||
Aeration Efficiency and MLSS | 52 | ||
NUTRIENT ELIMINATION | 52 | ||
Actual Efficiency of the Biological Treatment | 52 | ||
Process Control Strategies | 57 | ||
Efficiency of the Denitrification Process | 57 | ||
PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL | 60 | ||
DISINFECTION | 61 | ||
SLUDGE AND WASTE PRODUCTION | 62 | ||
Screening Waste | 62 | ||
Biological Surplus Sludge Production and Dewatering | 63 | ||
Combined Dewatering of Surplus Sludge and Fine Screen Debris | 66 | ||
REFERENCES | 66 | ||
Chapter 4: Effects on the water quality in the receiving waters | 69 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 69 | ||
IMMISSION-ORIENTED OBJECTIVES OF THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER | 69 | ||
EFFECTS OF THE RODINGEN MBR ON THE FINKELBACH | 71 | ||
EFFECTS OF THE NORDKANAL MBR | 72 | ||
EFFECTS OF THE GLESSEN MBR | 73 | ||
REFERENCES | 74 | ||
Chapter 5: Long term membrane performance | 75 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 75 | ||
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE | 76 | ||
Definition of Permeability as a Key Parameter | 78 | ||
Permeability Measurement | 78 | ||
MEMBRANE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE | 81 | ||
MECHANICAL CLEANING | 82 | ||
CHEMICAL CLEANING METHODS | 82 | ||
Cleaning Agents | 84 | ||
Cleaning Equipment–CIP | 86 | ||
Cleaning Equipment–COP | 88 | ||
PRACTICAL OPTIMISATION OF THE CHEMICAL CLEANING METHODS | 88 | ||
Cleaning Agents | 90 | ||
Foulants | 91 | ||
Cleaning Protocols | 91 | ||
LONG TERM EFFECTS | 93 | ||
Regular COP and Chemically Enhanced Backwashing | 93 | ||
Cleaning in Place in Air | 94 | ||
CIP in Air, in Biomass or COP, Which One is Better? | 95 | ||
Sequence of the Cleaning Steps | 97 | ||
Plant Availability During Cleaning | 98 | ||
Scale Effects | 98 | ||
FORMATION OF UNWANTED BY-PRODUCTS | 98 | ||
MEMBRANE MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE | 100 | ||
Membrane Development | 102 | ||
LIFE TIME | 103 | ||
REFERENCES | 104 | ||
Chapter 6: Investment costs | 105 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 105 | ||
COST STRUCTURE OF MBR PLANTS | 105 | ||
MEMBRANE REINVESTMENT | 107 | ||
SPECIFIC INVESTMENT COSTS | 107 | ||
COST COMPARISON: MBR VS. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS | 108 | ||
REFERENCES | 110 | ||
Chapter 7: Operational costs | 111 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 111 | ||
ENERGY CONSUMPTION | 111 | ||
MEMBRANE CLEANING | 114 | ||
SLUDGE AND WASTE HANDLING | 115 | ||
LABOUR | 116 | ||
COST COMPARISON: MBR VS. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS | 116 | ||
REFERENCES | 118 | ||
Chapter 8: Practical aspects of tendering and construction | 121 | ||
TENDERING PROCESS | 121 | ||
Example of a Tendering Process | 122 | ||
QUALITY CONTROL | 123 | ||
GUARANTEE VALUES | 124 | ||
Chapter 9: Practical aspects of plant management and operation | 125 | ||
OPERATIONAL AVAILABILITY | 125 | ||
EXTERNAL DISRUPTIONS | 125 | ||
Harmful Substances from the Sewer System | 125 | ||
Temperature Drop | 128 | ||
Continuing High Hydraulic Load | 128 | ||
INTERNAL DISRUPTIONS | 129 | ||
Braid Formation | 129 | ||
Solids Deposition in the Membrane Modules | 130 | ||
Gas Bubbles and Particles in the Permeate | 131 | ||
Improper Chemical Membrane Cleaning | 132 | ||
FAILURES OF THE PERIPHERAL FILTRATION EQUIPMENT | 133 | ||
Screening and Mechanical Pretreatment | 133 | ||
Membrane Aeration and Permeate Pumps | 134 | ||
Pneumatic Devices | 134 | ||
Leakages | 134 | ||
Automatic Control System | 135 | ||
STAFF TRAINING | 135 | ||
MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT | 136 | ||
REFERENCES | 137 | ||
Chapter 10: Future prospects and required developments | 139 | ||
Chapter 11: Summary | 141 | ||
Index | 143 |