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Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Christoph Brepols

(2010)

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Book Details

Abstract

During the last decade membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has grown up to be state of the art in municipal wastewater treatment. Since 1999 the Erftverband has designed, tendered and commissioned three MBR for municipal wastewater treatment in Germany, with capacities from 3,000 to 45,000 m³/d. The Erftverband was one of the pioneers in the full scale application of the technology regularly hosted training and information workshops for plant designers and operators from all over the world. 
Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment provides hands-on information on many aspects of MBR technology based on more than ten years of practical experience in the operation of MBR plants with hollow-fiber microfiltration units. It gives details on process configuration, investment and operation costs based on case studies and also in comparison to data from conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment processes. 
The book contains the most recent research findings as Erftverband has been collaborating on many of the major European research projects dedicated to MBR technology. Actual process data from all treatment steps of the plants (mechanical pre-treatment, bioreactors, filtration, membrane cleaning) gives an insight into the long-term performance of the MBR plants and into the possible do’s and dont's of full scale applications and the potential for further process optimisation. It is a good source of practical advice on tendering and construction, plant management and operation. Operating Large Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment is essential reading for practitioners and researchers, providing information on many aspects of MBR technology, including actual process data, graphs and pictures that illustrate the challenges of MBR design and operation.   
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Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Half Title 1
Title 3
Copyright 4
Contents 5
Chapter 1: Introduction 13
WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS 13
WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE OPERATIONAL AREA 15
THE ROLE OF END USERS IN THE MEMBRANE BUSINESS 17
REFERENCES 18
Chapter 2: Design and process configuration of MBR plants 21
INTRODUCTION 21
PRETREATMENT 22
BIOREACTOR AND PROCESS LAYOUT 23
MEMBRANE FILTRATION COMPARTMENT 24
DESIGN OF THE RODINGEN MBR 27
DESIGN OF THE NORDKANAL MBR 28
DESIGN OF THE GLESSEN MBR 32
GENERAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 35
Nutrient Removal 35
Mass balances for different process configurations 36
Inside or Outside Configuration 37
Projected Design Workflow 38
SIMULATION AS A DESIGN TOOL 39
CFD Modelling 39
Biokinetic Modelling 40
Flow Characteristics 41
Inflow Characterisation and Model Calibration 43
Results 44
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 3: Performance of the wastewater treatment process 47
PRETREATMENT 47
AERATION AND OXYGEN SUPPLY 50
Process Aeration 50
Air Scouring 51
Aeration Efficiency and MLSS 52
NUTRIENT ELIMINATION 52
Actual Efficiency of the Biological Treatment 52
Process Control Strategies 57
Efficiency of the Denitrification Process 57
PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL 60
DISINFECTION 61
SLUDGE AND WASTE PRODUCTION 62
Screening Waste 62
Biological Surplus Sludge Production and Dewatering 63
Combined Dewatering of Surplus Sludge and Fine Screen Debris 66
REFERENCES 66
Chapter 4: Effects on the water quality in the receiving waters 69
INTRODUCTION 69
IMMISSION-ORIENTED OBJECTIVES OF THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER 69
EFFECTS OF THE RODINGEN MBR ON THE FINKELBACH 71
EFFECTS OF THE NORDKANAL MBR 72
EFFECTS OF THE GLESSEN MBR 73
REFERENCES 74
Chapter 5: Long term membrane performance 75
INTRODUCTION 75
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE 76
Definition of Permeability as a Key Parameter 78
Permeability Measurement 78
MEMBRANE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE 81
MECHANICAL CLEANING 82
CHEMICAL CLEANING METHODS 82
Cleaning Agents 84
Cleaning Equipment–CIP 86
Cleaning Equipment–COP 88
PRACTICAL OPTIMISATION OF THE CHEMICAL CLEANING METHODS 88
Cleaning Agents 90
Foulants 91
Cleaning Protocols 91
LONG TERM EFFECTS 93
Regular COP and Chemically Enhanced Backwashing 93
Cleaning in Place in Air 94
CIP in Air, in Biomass or COP, Which One is Better? 95
Sequence of the Cleaning Steps 97
Plant Availability During Cleaning 98
Scale Effects 98
FORMATION OF UNWANTED BY-PRODUCTS 98
MEMBRANE MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE 100
Membrane Development 102
LIFE TIME 103
REFERENCES 104
Chapter 6: Investment costs 105
INTRODUCTION 105
COST STRUCTURE OF MBR PLANTS 105
MEMBRANE REINVESTMENT 107
SPECIFIC INVESTMENT COSTS 107
COST COMPARISON: MBR VS. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS 108
REFERENCES 110
Chapter 7: Operational costs 111
INTRODUCTION 111
ENERGY CONSUMPTION 111
MEMBRANE CLEANING 114
SLUDGE AND WASTE HANDLING 115
LABOUR 116
COST COMPARISON: MBR VS. CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS 116
REFERENCES 118
Chapter 8: Practical aspects of tendering and construction 121
TENDERING PROCESS 121
Example of a Tendering Process 122
QUALITY CONTROL 123
GUARANTEE VALUES 124
Chapter 9: Practical aspects of plant management and operation 125
OPERATIONAL AVAILABILITY 125
EXTERNAL DISRUPTIONS 125
Harmful Substances from the Sewer System 125
Temperature Drop 128
Continuing High Hydraulic Load 128
INTERNAL DISRUPTIONS 129
Braid Formation 129
Solids Deposition in the Membrane Modules 130
Gas Bubbles and Particles in the Permeate 131
Improper Chemical Membrane Cleaning 132
FAILURES OF THE PERIPHERAL FILTRATION EQUIPMENT 133
Screening and Mechanical Pretreatment 133
Membrane Aeration and Permeate Pumps 134
Pneumatic Devices 134
Leakages 134
Automatic Control System 135
STAFF TRAINING 135
MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT 136
REFERENCES 137
Chapter 10: Future prospects and required developments 139
Chapter 11: Summary 141
Index 143