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Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water

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Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water

Prosun Bhattacharya | Ingegerd Rosborg | Arifin Sandhi | Colin Hayes | Maria Joao Benoliel

(2011)

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Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-1-78040-139-3
Edition
1
Language
English
Pages
291
Subjects
The environment
Environmental science, engineering & technology
Water supply & treatment

Abstract

Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%!  
Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water comprises the proceedings of COST Action 637 - METEAU, held in Kristianstad, Sweden, October 13-15, 2010.
This book collates the understanding of the various factors which control metals and related substances in drinking water with an aim to minimize environmental impacts. Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water: 

  • Provides an overview of knowledge on metals and related substances in drinking water. 
  • Promotes good practice in controlling metals and related substances in drinking water. 
  • Helps to determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of control measures through public participation 
  • Introduces the importance of mineral balance in drinking water especially when choosing treatment methods 
  • Shares practitioner experience. 
The proceedings of this international conference contain many state-of-the-art presentations by leading researchers from across the world. They are of interest to water sector practitioners, regulators, researchers and engineers. 

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover page 1
Title page 2
List of Conference Sponsors 3
Copyrights page\r 4
Contents 5
COST\r 10
Organizers / Core Committee 11
Summary of the 4th International COST Action 637 Conference, \rKristianstad, Sweden, October 13-15, 2010 13
Foreword from COST Action 637 Chair 14
Section 1 15
How water safety plans can help to address risks from metals in drinkingwater 16
Abstract 16
1. Introduction 16
2. The WSP approach 16
3. Hazards from metals in drinking water 18
4. A partnership approach 19
5. Summary and conclusions 19
References 20
QC/QA scheme applied for monitoring of metals concentrations in waterintended for human consumption sampled from the area of Warsawperformed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES techniques 21
Abstract 21
1. Introduction 21
2. Materials and Methods 22
2.1 Spectroscopic techniques applied for elemental analysis of water. Validation of analytical methods 22
3. Results and discussion 23
3.1 Internal quality control scheme (IQC) 23
3.1.1 Maintenance of optimal performance of ICP-OES and ICP-MS spectrometers 23
3.1.2 Calibrations of ICP-OES and ICP-MS spectrometers 24
3.1.3 Composition of sequence of analytical batch (run) for obligatory measurements 25
3.1.3.1 Procedural (reagent) blank and “on-field” blank measurements 25
3.1.3.2 Duplicate sample measurements 27
3.1.3.3 Check standard measurements 29
3.1.3.4 Determination of elements in certified reference materials - trueness control 32
4. Conclusions 33
5. Acknowledgments 33
Drinking water quality in the city of Belgrade and health risks fromdomestic use of filters with reverse osmosis\r 34
1. Background 34
2. Method 34
3. Results 34
4. Conclusion 34
Consumer concerns about drinking water in an area with high levels ofnaturally occurring arsenic in groundwater, and the implications formanaging health risks 35
Abstract 35
1. Introduction 35
2. Methods 36
3. Results 37
a) Street Interviews 37
b) Questionnaires 38
c) Water Samples 39
4. Discussion 40
5. Conclusions 40
Acknowledgments 41
References 41
Section 2 42
Discolouration in water supply, the role of metals 43
Abstract 43
1. Introduction 43
2. Discolouration material 44
3. Metal composition of discoloured water 44
4. Accumulation of discolouration material / asset deterioration 47
5. Summary 49
Acknowledgments 50
References 50
Metals and related substances in drinking water - from source to the tap.Krakow tap survey 2010 52
Abstract 52
1. Introduction 57
2. Materials and Methods 58
3. Results and Discussion 58
4. Conclusions 60
References 60
Blood pressure and drinking water’s magnesium level in some Serbian Municipalities 61
Abstract 61
1. Introduction 61
2. Materials and Methods 62
2.1 Study design 62
2.2 Subjects 62
2.3 Blood pressure 62
2.4 Blood samples. 62
2.5 Laboratory tests 62
2.6 Statistical analysis 63
3. Results 63
4. Discussion 65
Acknowledgments 66
References 66
Tap water quality regarding metal concentrations in Timisoara city, \rRomania 68
Abstract 68
1. Introduction 68
2. Experimental Data 69
3. Results and Discussions 71
4. Conclusions 75
References 75
The need for an integrated approach to control metal and metalloid contamination of drinking Water 77
Abstract 77
1. Introduction 77
2. Control problems 78
3. Problems with metals at the tap 78
4. Risk assessment for lead in drinking water 79
5. The case for a more integrated approach to control 80
6. Conclusions 81
References 82
Uranium in drinking water 84
References 84
Arsenic in drinking water and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Zrenjanin Municipality, Serbia 85
Abstract 85
1. Introduction 85
2. Materials and Methods 86
3. Results 86
4. Discussion 87
5. Conclusion 88
References 88
Does water softening improve eczema in children? Results of a clinical trial– the softened water eczema trial (swet) 89
Abstract 89
1. Introduction 89
2. Materials and methods 90
2.1 Study design.\r 90
2.2 Recruitment. 90
2.3 Interventions. 90
3. Results and discussion 90
3.1 Main Outcomes 91
3.2 Academic/industry partnership 91
Acknowledgments 91
References 91
Preliminary assessment of metal concentrations in drinking water in the cityof Szczecin (Poland): human health aspects 92
Abstract 92
1. Introduction 92
2. Materials and Methods 93
2.1 Study area 93
2.2 Waterworks for the city of Szczecin 93
2.3 Distribution network 94
2.4 Sample collection 94
2.5 Chemical analysis 95
3. Results and Discussion 97
4. Conclusions 99
Acknowledgments 100
References 100
Section 3 101
Influence of mineral composition of drinking water on acid-base balance of human body 102
Abstract 102
1. Introduction 102
2. Materials and Methods 103
3. Results and Discussion 103
4. Conclusions 106
Acknowledgments 106
References 106
Magnesium and calcium in drinking water and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in the Netherlands 107
Abstract 107
1. Introduction 107
2. Materials and Methods 107
3. Results 107
4. Conclusion and Discussion 108
Acknowledgments 108
References 109
Mineral balance and quality standards for desalinated water:the Israeli experience 110
Abstract 110
1. Introduction 110
2. Water balance in Israel 110
3. Desalination 112
4. Mineral balance and quality standards for desalinated water 112
5. Conclusions 115
References 116
Mineral balance in water: before and after treatment 117
Abstract 117
Introduction\r 117
Common treatment processes 119
Aims 120
RO filter 123
Conclusions 125
Suggested future research 125
References 125
Evaluation of the monitoring activity performed for two Romanian companies which produce and supply drinking water 127
References 127
Drinking water quality monitoring systems in Poland 128
Section 4 129
Arsenic removal by traditional and innovative membrane technologies 130
Abstract 130
1. Introduction 130
2. Species of Arsenic Present in Water 131
3. Membrane Technology 131
3.1 Traditional Membrane Technology 131
3.2 Innovative Membrane Technology 132
4. Conclusions 134
References 134
Treatment of arsenic containing drinking waters by electrochemicaloxidation and reverse osmosis 136
Abstract 136
1. Introduction 136
2. Materials and Methods 136
2.1 Chemicals and Solutions 136
2.2 Sampling and Analytical methods 137
2.3 Experimental set-up 137
3. Results and Discussion 138
3.1 Electrochemical oxidation 138
3.2 Reverse osmosis 140
4. Conclusions 143
References 144
The effect of fluidised bed softening on metal content in drinking water:11years of experience from vombverket, sydvatten ab 145
Abstract 145
1. Introduction 145
2. Water Quality Effects 147
References 150
Arsenic removal with chemical precipitation in drinking water treatmentplants in Italy 151
Abstract 151
1. Introduction 151
2. Investigation 152
3. Results 153
3.1 Process schemes 154
3.2. Reagent for arsenic chemical precipitation 155
3.3 Residues management 155
3.4. Costs 158
4. Conclusion 158
Acknowledgments 159
References 159
Assessment of trace metal concentrations in the different processes atwater treatment plants of EPAL 160
Abstract 160
1. Introduction 160
2. Materials and Methods 161
3. Results and Discussion 162
3.1 Metals in Asseiceira Water Treatment Plant 162
3.2 Metals In Vale Da Pedra Water Treatment Plant 164
4. Conclusions 165
6. REFERENCES 165
Arsenic removal by energy-efficient small-scale reverse osmosis units 166
References 166
Arsenic oxidation treatment by H2O2 and UV radiation 167
Abstract 167
1. Introduction 167
2. Materials and Methods 168
3. Results and Discussion 169
4. Conclusions 171
Acknowledgments 171
References 171
Brown lakes - causes, effects and remedial measures 172
Applied technologies and possibilities of modernisation of groundwater treatment plants in Poland 173
Abstract 173
1. Introduction 173
2. Groundwater quality 173
3. Technology of groundwater treatment 174
4. Quality of treated groundwater 176
5. Possibilities of modernization 176
6. References 177
Heavy metals (Pb, Cr) removal from aqueous solution by modifiedclinoptilolite 178
Abstract 178
1. Introduction 178
2. Materials and methods 179
2.1. Modification of clinoptilolite 179
2.2. Adsorption studies 179
3. Results and discussion 180
4. Conclusion 183
Acknowledgments 183
References 183
Water cleaning from toxic elements using phytofiltration with Elodeacanadensis. 184
Abstract 184
1. Introduction 184
2. Material and Methods 185
3. Results and Discussion 186
4. Conclusion 187
Acknowledgments 187
References 187
Selectively facilitated transport of Zn(II) through a novel polymer inclusionmembrane containing Cyanex 272 as a carrier reagent 189
Peculiarities of Fe(III) sorption from drinking water onto chitosanOna Gylienė 190
Abstract: 190
1. Introduction 190
2. Experimental 190
3. Results and Discussion 191
4. Conclusions 192
References 192
Iron based nano-materials for reductive remediation of pollutants 193
Abstract 193
1 Introduction 193
2. Materials and Methods 193
3. Results and Discussion 194
3.1 Synthesis of Carbon Microspheres 194
3.2 Synthesis of Carbon/Iron Composites 196
4. Conclusions 197
Acknowlegdments 197
References 197
Removal of lead and chromium (III) by zeolites synthesized from fly ash 198
Abstract 198
1. Introduction 198
2. Materials and Methods 199
2.1 Synthesis of zeolite 199
2.2 Adsorption studies 200
3. Results and Discussion 200
3.1 XRD analysis 200
3.2 Adsorption studies 202
4. Conclusion 203
Acknowledgments 204
References 204
Sorption of manganese in the presence of phtalic acid on selected activatedCarbons 205
Section 5 206
Harmonization of national requirements for metallic materials in contactwith drinking water – 4MS approach 207
Short period survey of heavy metals concentration in tap water beforeand after rehabilitation and modernization of water and sewerage services 208
Differences in metal concentrations in water intended for humanconsumption in the pipe network of the city of Poznań (Poland) in the lightof two sampling methods 209
Galvanic impacts of partial lead service line replacement on lead leachinginto drinking water 210
Abstract 210
1. Introduction 210
2. Materials and methods 211
3. Results and discussion 213
4. Conclusions 214
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
Metal and organic release from construction products in contact withdrinking water disinfected with Sodium Hypochlorite 216
Dezincification of brass fittings – effects of metal solvency controlmeasures 217
Concentration of heavy metals on surface of filter materials and inbackwash water 218
Abstract 218
1. Introduction 218
2. Materials and Methods 218
3. Results and Discussion 219
4. Conclusions 222
Acknowledgments 222
References 222
The influence of dissolved natural organic matter on the stability ofArsenic species in groundwater 224
Quality control of arsenic determination in drinking water with ICP-MS:Krakow Tap Survey 2010 225
Abstract 225
1. Materials and Methods 225
2. Results 225
2.1 Nitric acid 225
2.2 Bottles 226
4. Conclusions 228
Acknowledgments 228
References 228
High fluoride concentrations in surface water – example from a catchmentin SE Sweden 229
References 229
Leaching of nickel and the other elements from kettle by domestic using 230
Monitoring of metals concentrations in water intended for humanconsumption sampled from the area of Warsaw performed by ICP-MS andICP-OES techniques 231
Short period survey of metals and related substances in Racibórz town tapwater, Poland 232
Section 6 233
Geogenic arsenic in groundwaters and soils – re-evaluating exposureroutes and risk assessment 234
Abstract 234
1. Introduction 234
2. Risks arising from WHO provisional guide value of 10 ug/L 235
2.1 Arsenic-attributable health risks 235
2.2 Lung cancer risks attributable to arsenic in drinking water 235
2.3 Uncertainties 235
3. Rice is a major route of arsenic exposure 236
3.1 Case study – Indian Sub-continent 236
3.2 Europe 236
4. Externally asymptomatic citizens may also be at risk 236
5. Discussion and Conclusions 237
Acknowledgments 238
References 238
Arsenic distribution in surface and groundwater in the central bolivianhighland 240
Abstract 240
1. Introduction 240
2. Materials and methods 240
3. Results 241
4. Discussion and conclusions 242
Acknowledgments 242
References 242
Genesis of arsenic enriched groundwater and relationship with bedrockgeology in northern Sweden 243
Abstract 243
1. Introduction 243
2. Site, Materials and Methods 243
2.1 Sampling sites 243
2.2 Sampling and analytical methods 244
3. Results and Discussion 244
4. Conclusions 247
Acknowledgments 247
References 247
Nickel in groundwater – a case study from northern Sweden 248
Abstract 248
1. Introduction 248
2. Site, Materials and methods 248
2.1 Sampling site 248
2.2 Sampling and analytical methods 248
3. Results and discussion 249
4. Conclusions 250
Acknowledgments 250
References 250
Arsenic in the different environmental compartments of Switzerland: anupdated inventory 251
Abstract 251
1. Introduction 251
2. Regional variation 252
3. Rocks and minerals 254
4. Waste materials 254
5. Soils 254
6. Waters 254
7. Plants 255
8. Wetlands 255
9. Air 256
10. Health risks 256
11. Conclusions 256
Acknowledgments 256
References 257
Heavy metal pollution of surface water sources of Konya Basin 260
Abstract 260
1. Introduction 260
2. Materials and Methods 262
2.1 Study sites 262
2.2 Analytical methods 264
3. Results and Discussion 264
4. Conclusions 267
Acknowledgments 268
References 268
Geochemical evidences in the release processes of Arsenic into thegroundwater in a part of Brahmaputra Floodplains 269
Abstract 269
1. Introduction 269
2. Materials and Methods 270
2.1 Sampling sites 270
2.2 Selective sequential extraction methods 270
3. Results and Discussion 271
4. Conclusions 272
References 272
Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT): An approach for developing a colorbased tool for targeting arsenic-safe aquifers fordrinking water supply 273
Abstract 273
1. Introduction 273
2. Materials and Methods 274
3. Results 274
4. Conclusions 276
5. Acknowledgments 277
6. References 277
Section 7 278
The Elemental Composition and Taste of Bottled Water 279
Abstract 279
1. Introduction 279
2. Review of the chemical composition of bottled water 279
3. Taste of drinking water 280
3.1 Inorganic parameters 280
3.2 Iron 280
3.3 Copper and Zinc 281
4. Conclusions 281
References 281
Elucidating the Parameters Involved with Antimony and PhthalatesCo-leaching in Bottled Water 282
Element Composition of Mineral Waters and Different Beverages 283
Mineral balance in bottled waters 284
Author Index 285
Kristianstad, Sweden 290

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