Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
- First book to consider citizens playing a role in the science-policy interface to help formulate durable responses to sustainability challenges
- Discusses all aspects to enhance the connectivity of actors in the sustainable water management field, with three pilot case studies showing how citizens and stakeholders can be engaged early and effectively in the river basins and coastal waters planning processes
- Provides tips and recommendations for the transferability of the approach in different coastal areas of Europe and beyond.
The EC 7th Research Framework Program funded project AWARE engaged a panel of randomly selected citizens living in three different coastal areas of Europe – in a pilot experience of knowledge brokerage with water scientists and decision makers focused on coastal waters quality. Results and lessons learned from the project are summarized in this volume, and recommendations are made for this pilot’s replication and transferability to different coastal areas and sustainable water management tasks - and beyond to other sustainability research and policy issues. This book is a must-read for water managers and policy makers looking to effectively organize citizen and stakeholder participation in river basin and coastal water planning, as required by the EU Water Framework Directive. Sustainable Water Ecosystems Management in Europe provides useful recommendations for organising effective participation of citizens in the science and policy dialogue, promoting a collective awareness of the plans and actions needed to protect the water environment and ensure sustainable use of water resources.
Editor: Carlo Sessa, AWARE Project Coordinator, Director at ISIS – Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems, Italy
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover page | 1 | ||
| Half title page | 2 | ||
| Title page | 3 | ||
| Copyright page | 4 | ||
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Foreword | 9 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 11 | ||
| Background and objectives of the book | 11 | ||
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION: THE AWARE PROJECT | 11 | ||
| 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE BOOK | 14 | ||
| REFERENCES | 16 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 17 | ||
| Developing the science - policy interface to integrate water research and management | 17 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 17 | ||
| 2.2 THE SCIENCE-POLICY INTERFACE IN THE 3 AWARE CASES | 18 | ||
| 2.2.1 The Gulf of Riga case | 19 | ||
| 2.2.2 The North Sea case: Seine, Somme and Scheldt rivers | 19 | ||
| 2.2.3 The Sacca di Goro case | 20 | ||
| 2.2.4 A cross-comparison of the 3 AWARE cases | 20 | ||
| 2.3 A CASE FROM INDIA SHOWING THE NEED FOR SPI | 20 | ||
| 2.3.1 Climawater and Climarice projects | 21 | ||
| 2.3.2 Lessons learnt from the India projects | 21 | ||
| 2.4 THE SPI-APPROACH IN EUROPE (WFD) | 21 | ||
| 2.4.1 A pilot initiative: the CIS-SPI activity | 22 | ||
| 2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND WAY FORWARD | 23 | ||
| REFERENCES | 24 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 25 | ||
| Institutional and policy framework: environmental regulations applicable to coastal zones at EU and national levels | 25 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 25 | ||
| 3.2 THE CURRENT POLICY FRAMEWORK | 25 | ||
| 3.2.1 Review of EU water quality policies relevant to coastal areas | 25 | ||
| 3.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK: NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EU POLICIES | 32 | ||
| 3.3.1 Implementation of the Water Framework Directive | 32 | ||
| 3.3.2 Implementation of the ICZM recommendation | 36 | ||
| 3.4 ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY FRAMEWORK. INSIGHTS FROM THE AWARE EXPERIENCE | 36 | ||
| 3.5 CONCLUSIONS | 38 | ||
| REFERENCES | 38 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 41 | ||
| Building a new Science-Citizens-Policy interface: theoretical foundations | 41 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION: FOSTERING CITIZENS PARTICIPATION | 41 | ||
| 4.2 EMPOWERING THE PUBLIC: THE JOHN DEWEY ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC AND ITS PROBLEMS | 42 | ||
| 4.2.1 Search for the public | 43 | ||
| 4.2.2 Connecting people | 44 | ||
| 4.3 EMPOWERING CITIZENS’ JUDGMENT: JOHN RAWLS’ THEORY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE | 45 | ||
| 4.3.1 Citizens’ judgement and the “Original Position” | 46 | ||
| 4.3.2 The AWARE citizen jury experience as a real-life approximation of the original position model | 48 | ||
| REFERENCES | 50 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 51 | ||
| The pilot experience with the AWARE citizens’ panel | 51 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
| 5.2 CREATING THE CITIZENS’ PANEL | 51 | ||
| 5.2.1 The recruitment of the citizens | 52 | ||
| 5.3 THE AWARE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS: HOW IT WORKED | 52 | ||
| 5.3.1 From the preparation of the meeting to the first pan-European workshop in Paris | 53 | ||
| 5.3.2 The first pan-European workshop | 54 | ||
| 5.3.3 The local processes | 55 | ||
| 5.3.4. The second workshop, a year after | 57 | ||
| 5.3.5 The European conference | 59 | ||
| 5.4 THE CITIZENS’ MESSAGES We want to be part of water governance | 59 | ||
| 5.5 WHAT DOES THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS PRODUCE? | 62 | ||
| 5.5.1 The recognition of several expertises and knowledge brokerage | 62 | ||
| 5.5.2 Added-value to local and European policies | 62 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 63 | ||
| The future of the Gulf of Riga: pollution, water quality and fish production | 63 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 63 | ||
| 6.2 CASE STUDY AREA | 63 | ||
| 6.2.1 Eutrophication and fish stocks in the Gulf of Riga | 64 | ||
| 6.2.2 Ecological Status and Environmental Legislation | 66 | ||
| 6.2.3 Conflicts of interest | 66 | ||
| 6.3 THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS: THE CITIZENS’S PANEL, SCIENTISTS AND POLICY MAKERS | 67 | ||
| 6.3.1 AWARE local workshop on the Gulf of Riga | 67 | ||
| 6.3.1.1 Organisation | 67 | ||
| 6.3.1.2 Agenda | 67 | ||
| 6.3.1.3 Citizens’ statement | 68 | ||
| 6.3.2 The local public conference | 69 | ||
| 6.3.2.1 Organisation | 70 | ||
| 6.3.2.2 Content | 70 | ||
| 6.3.2.3 Main conclusions from the conference | 70 | ||
| 6.4 INTERVIEWS WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND POLICY MAKERS | 71 | ||
| 6.4.1 Organisation | 71 | ||
| 6.4.2 Main conclusions from interviews | 72 | ||
| 6.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE GULF OF RIGA CASE STUDY | 73 | ||
| REFERENCES | 73 | ||
| ANNEX: MODELLING STRATEGY | 74 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 77 | ||
| The diseased southern North Sea: current status and possible solutions | 77 | ||
| 7.1 THE LAND TO SEA AQUATIC CONTINUUM | 77 | ||
| 7.2 THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING OF THE AQUATIC CONTINUUM: MODEL CHAIN | 79 | ||
| 7.2.1 A model for understanding drainage network functioning (RIVERSTRAHLER) | 79 | ||
| 7.2.2 The MIRO model for analysing ecological impacts at the coastal zone | 79 | ||
| 7.3 RECONSTRUCTION OF COASTAL EUTROPHICATION IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE OSPAR CONVENTION | 80 | ||
| 7.3.1 Nutrient input to the rivers: point and diffuse sources | 80 | ||
| 7.3.1.1 Point sources of nutrients from cities and industries | 80 | ||
| 7.3.1.2 Diffuse sources of nutrient from agriculture | 81 | ||
| 7.3.1.3 Modelling changes in nutrient deliveries and the effect on the southern North Sea | 82 | ||
| 7.4 WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION? | 85 | ||
| 7.4.1 Improving waste water treatment | 85 | ||
| 7.4.2 Reducing nutrient losses from agriculture | 85 | ||
| 7.4.3. Further changes in the agricultural sector: no or low fertilisation, drainage ponds | 87 | ||
| 7.5 SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN | 88 | ||
| REFERENCES | 89 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 92 | ||
| The Sacca di Goro: a cooperative decision making experiment for a sustainable lagoon exploitation | 92 | ||
| 8.1 INTRODUCTION: KEY ISSUES AND RATIONALE | 92 | ||
| 8.2 GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT | 93 | ||
| 8.2.1 The regional scale: Po River and its watershed | 93 | ||
| 8.2.2 The local scale: Sacca di Goro lagoon | 94 | ||
| 8.2.2.1 General features | 94 | ||
| 8.3 AVAILABLE DATA AND SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND | 94 | ||
| 8.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT AND ISSUES | 95 | ||
| 8.4.1 Clam farming | 95 | ||
| 8.4.2 Agriculture | 96 | ||
| 8.4.3 Nature conservation and tourism | 96 | ||
| 8.4.4 Social and economical issues | 97 | ||
| 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND CLAM FARMING SUSTAINABILITY | 97 | ||
| 8.5.1 Eutrophication, macroalgal blooms and clam farming | 97 | ||
| 8.5.2 Sustainable clam farming | 98 | ||
| 8.6 THE AWARE EXPERIMENT ON HOW CONNECTING PEOPLE TO SCIENCE AND DECISION MAKING IN THE SACCA DI GORO | 100 | ||
| 8.6.1 State-of-the art information provided to participants | 100 | ||
| 8.6.2 The experiment: a cooperative decision system | 100 | ||
| 8.7 CONCLUSIVE REMARKS - HOW TO FURTHER DEVELOP CITIZEN AWARENESS ON SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION OF THE SACCA DI GORO LAGOON AND ITS WATERSHED | 102 | ||
| REFERENCES | 103 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 105 | ||
| Monitoring and evaluation of the AWARE pilot experience | 105 | ||
| 9.1 INTRODUCTION | 105 | ||
| 9.1.1 Adaptive management experience | 105 | ||
| 9.2 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY | 107 | ||
| 9.2.1 The AWARE knowledge brokerage process | 107 | ||
| 9.2.2 Scope and objectives of evaluation | 107 | ||
| 9.2.3 Methods and rules for collecting information | 110 | ||
| 9.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 111 | ||
| 9.3.1 Factual information about the process | 111 | ||
| 9.3.2 Observation | 113 | ||
| 9.3.3 Questionnaires | 114 | ||
| 9.4 CONCLUSIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE EVALUATION PROCESS | 115 | ||
| REFERENCES | 117 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 119 | ||
| Enhancing connectivity between scientists, citizens and policy-makers in the water sector and beyond | 119 | ||
| 10.1 INTRODUCTION: EX-POST EVALUATION OF THE AWARE POTENTIAL IMPACT | 119 | ||
| 10.2 MAIN CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE AWARE APPROACH AND ITS POTENTIAL USE TO ENHANCE THE SCIENCE-POLICY INTERFACE | 120 | ||
| 10.3 FUTURE PROSPECT: HOW TO ACHIEVE A SNOWBALL EFFECT? | 121 | ||
| 10.3.1 The AWARE solution for deepening citizens’ participation in the water sector | 122 | ||
| 10.3.2 Expanding the AWARE solution beyond the water sector | 124 | ||
| 10.3.2.1 Participatory assessment of EU research to tackle grand societal challenges | 124 | ||
| 10.4 PRACTICAL LESSONS FOR FUTURE PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES | 127 | ||
| 10.4.1 Tips about engaging citizens | 127 | ||
| 10.4.2 Tips about engaging stakeholders and policy-makers | 127 | ||
| 10.4.3 Tips about engaging scientists | 128 | ||
| 10.4.4 Tips about organising the knowledge brokerage process | 128 | ||
| 10.4.5 Tips about delivering outcomes | 128 | ||
| REFERENCES | 128 | ||
| Appendix | 130 | ||
| AWARE: Connecting people for better water management | 130 | ||
| EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ DECLARATION | 130 | ||
| THE THREE DISTINCT AREAS OF STUDY | 131 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 132 | ||
| Who we are | 132 | ||
| How we worked | 132 | ||
| How we understood our “mission” in the aware project | 133 | ||
| What were our main concerns as citizens regarding the quality of water in Europe? | 133 | ||
| What did we experience in aware? | 134 | ||
| Why are we here? | 134 | ||
| What are we ready to do as citizens? | 135 | ||
| I. HOW CAN THE SITUATION CHANGE? HOW CAN WE ACHIEVE A BETTER AND SUSTAINABLE COASTAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN EUROPE? | 135 | ||
| 1) Eu classification of water quality: About “good status” and the implementation of the WFD | 135 | ||
| 2) Improvements on the ground: Acting on point and diffuse sources of pollution | 137 | ||
| II. HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN RESEARCH, POLICY-MAKING AND CIVIL SOCIETY? | 138 | ||
| 1) Connecting actors | 138 | ||
| 2) Spreading information | 139 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 140 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 141 |