BOOK
Cause and Prevention of Clogging of Wells Abstracting Groundwater from Unconsolidated Aquifers
(2011)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Part of Groundwater Set - Buy all six books and save over 30% on buying separately!
Groundwater serves many purposes. It is a source of public and private drinking water, it is utilized as an industrial feedstock and it is used in agriculture for irrigation and cattle watering. The abstraction of groundwater also serves many civil engineering purposes such as structures, construction pit dewatering and remediation of polluted groundwater. Furthermore, groundwater is increasingly used for supply and storage of energy for the cooling and heating of buildings. Many wells abstracting groundwater suffer from impaired performance as a result of clogging by mechanical or biogeochemical processes. This represents a significant economic loss due to volume reductions, cost of well rehabilitations or construction of new wells.
Cause and Prevention of Clogging of Wells Abstracting Groundwater from Unconsolidated Aquifers provides a comprehensive description of the various causes and processes associated with well clogging in addition to describing methodologies for diagnosis and prevention.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover page | 1 | ||
| Half title page | 2 | ||
| Title page | 3 | ||
| Copyright page | 4 | ||
| Contents | 5 | ||
| Preface | 9 | ||
| Summary | 10 | ||
| Screen slot clogging | 10 | ||
| Well bore clogging | 11 | ||
| Particle mineralogy | 13 | ||
| Well incrustation and well design criteria | 13 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 14 | ||
| 1.1 BACKGROUND | 14 | ||
| 1.2 CLOGGING OF WELLS | 15 | ||
| 1.2.1 Screen slot clogging | 15 | ||
| 1.2.2 Well bore clogging | 16 | ||
| 1.3 OUTLINE OF THE BOOK | 16 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 19 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 19 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 20 | ||
| 2.2 IRON HYDROXIDES AND SOLUBILITY OF IRON | 20 | ||
| 2.2.1 Mineral stability | 20 | ||
| 2.2.2 Solubility | 20 | ||
| 2.3 PRECIPITATION OF IRON(III) HYDROXIDES | 21 | ||
| 2.3.1 Homogeneous oxidation | 21 | ||
| 2.3.2 Heterogeneous oxidation | 23 | ||
| 2.3.3 Biological oxidation | 26 | ||
| 2.3.4 Synthesis | 27 | ||
| 2.4 BIOLOGICAL IRON REMOVAL OR HETEROGENEOUS AND BIOLOGICAL IRON OXIDATION? | 28 | ||
| 2.5 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 29 | ||
| 2.6 CONCLUSIONS | 31 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 32 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 32 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 33 | ||
| 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 33 | ||
| 3.2.1 Particle counter | 33 | ||
| 3.2.2 Geology, wells and groundwater quality | 34 | ||
| 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 35 | ||
| 3.3.1 Particle concentration | 35 | ||
| 3.3.2 Particle size distribution | 36 | ||
| 3.3.3 Power law or Pareto distribution | 37 | ||
| 3.3.4 Comparison with data from monitor wells | 41 | ||
| 3.3.5 Discharge rate and particle concentration | 45 | ||
| 3.4 CONCLUSIONS | 46 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 47 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 47 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 48 | ||
| 4.2 FIELD SITES AND METHODS | 49 | ||
| 4.2.1. Site description | 49 | ||
| 4.2.2 Sampling | 49 | ||
| 4.2.3 Analysis | 49 | ||
| 4.2.4 Identification and distribution of mineral particles | 52 | ||
| 4.3 RESULTS | 55 | ||
| 4.3.1 Elemental frequency distribution | 55 | ||
| 4.3.2 Particle size effects | 57 | ||
| 4.3.3 Mineralogical identification of silicates | 58 | ||
| 4.3.4 Mineralogical identification of non silicates | 61 | ||
| 4.3.5 Mineral frequency distribution | 65 | ||
| 4.4 DISCUSSION | 67 | ||
| 4.5 CONCLUSIONS | 69 | ||
| 4.5.1 Particle mineralogy | 69 | ||
| 4.5.2 Particle generation | 70 | ||
| APPENDIX | 71 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 82 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 82 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 83 | ||
| 5.2 WELL CONSTRUCTION AND WELL OPERATION | 83 | ||
| 5.3 PARTICLES IN GROUNDWATER | 84 | ||
| 5.4 PARTICLES IN ABSTRACTED GROUNDWATER | 86 | ||
| 5.5 OCCURRENCE OF WELL BORE CLOGGING | 87 | ||
| 5.6 CLOGGING OR NON-CLOGGING? | 88 | ||
| 5.7 PARTICLE BALANCE | 89 | ||
| 5.7.1 Particles retained on well bore | 89 | ||
| 5.7.2 Particles mobilized from the well bore | 90 | ||
| 5.8 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WELL OPERATION, CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN | 91 | ||
| 5.8.1 Well operation | 92 | ||
| 5.8.2 Well construction | 92 | ||
| 5.8.3 Well design | 94 | ||
| 5.9 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS | 94 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 96 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 96 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 96 | ||
| 6.2 WELLS AND METHODS | 97 | ||
| 6.2.1 Well field and wells | 97 | ||
| 6.2.2 Carrousel abstraction schedule | 97 | ||
| 6.2.3 Well head measurements | 99 | ||
| 6.3 RESULTS | 100 | ||
| 6.4 ADDITIONAL EFFECTS BETWEEN WELLS | 106 | ||
| 6.5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS | 107 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 108 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 108 | ||
| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 108 | ||
| 7.2 IDENTIFICATION SCREEN SLOT AND WELL BORE CLOGGING | 109 | ||
| 7.3 SCREEN SLOT (CHEMICAL) CLOGGING | 111 | ||
| 7.3.1 Cause of screen slot clogging | 111 | ||
| 7.3.2 Prevention of screen slot clogging | 112 | ||
| 7.4 WELL BORE (MECHANICAL) CLOGGING | 114 | ||
| 7.4.1 Cause of well bore clogging | 114 | ||
| 7.4.2 Field testing | 116 | ||
| 7.4.3 Prevention of well bore clogging | 118 | ||
| 7.5 APPLICATION | 118 | ||
| 7.6 CONCLUSIONS | 119 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 120 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 120 | ||
| 8.1 INTRODUCTION | 121 | ||
| 8.2 CLOGGING BY ACCUMULATION OF IRON HYDROXIDE PRECIPITATES | 121 | ||
| 8.2.1 Characteristics | 121 | ||
| 8.2.2 Screen slot (or chemical) clogging | 123 | ||
| 8.2.3 Precipitation of iron hydroxides in the aquifer | 125 | ||
| 8.2.4 Discussion | 126 | ||
| 8.3 DEGASSING OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER GASSES FROM GROUNDWATER | 128 | ||
| 8.3.1 Introduction | 128 | ||
| 8.3.2 Conditions for gas bubble formation | 128 | ||
| 8.3.3 Discussion | 131 | ||
| 8.4 LAMINAR OR TURBULENT FLOW | 132 | ||
| 8.4.1 Aquifer and gravel pack | 132 | ||
| 8.4.2 Well screen slots | 134 | ||
| 8.4.3 Well screen and well casing | 135 | ||
| 8.4.4 Discussion | 136 | ||
| 8.5 WELL DESIGN VELOCITIES | 136 | ||
| 8.5.1 Introduction | 136 | ||
| 8.5.2 Discussion | 139 | ||
| 8.6 CONCLUSIONS | 140 | ||
| 8.6.1 Development of iron hydroxide precipitates | 140 | ||
| 8.6.2 Degassing of carbon dioxide and other gasses from groundwater | 141 | ||
| 8.6.3 Laminar or turbulent flow | 141 | ||
| 8.6.4 Well design | 141 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 143 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 143 | ||
| 9.1 SCREEN SLOT CLOGGING | 143 | ||
| 9.2 PARTICLE MINERALOGY IN ABSTRACTED GROUNDWATER | 143 | ||
| 9.3 PARTICLE CONCENTRATION IN ABSTRACTED GROUNDWATER | 144 | ||
| 9.4 WELL BORE CLOGGING | 148 | ||
| 9.5 PREVENTION OF WELL BORE CLOGGING | 148 | ||
| 9.6 WELL DESIGN CRITERIA | 148 | ||
| References | 150 |