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Book Details
Abstract
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Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates presents the results of detailed research on the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) activated sludge process under warm climate conditions (20oC - 30oC), which is part of the R & D program of Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore. The investigations and studies presented in this book are application-oriented, but at the same time the studies aim at an insightful understanding of the EBPR with the knowledge of the latest development in academic field.
The focus points are:
- EBPR performance of laboratory-scale and full-scale activated sludge processes under the site conditions in warm climates
- The carbon competition and distribution between PAO and GAO (and denitrifiers) in the process
- The stoichiometry and kinetics of P-release, COD uptake in the anaerobic environment and P-uptake in the aerobic environment under different temperatures and operating conditions
- PAO and GAO population fractions, shift and dominance studies using FISH and batch tests
- The inter-relationships between the system performance, process design and the microbial community
- EBPR for industrial wastewater (high ratio of feed COD/P) treatment under warm climates.
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Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half title | 2 | ||
| Title page | 4 | ||
| Copyright page | 5 | ||
| Contents | 6 | ||
| Preface | 10 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 12 | ||
| About the author | 14 | ||
| Nomenclature | 16 | ||
| ABBREVIATIONS | 16 | ||
| SYMBOLS | 18 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 20 | ||
| General introduction | 20 | ||
| 1.1 WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN WARM CLIMATES | 20 | ||
| 1.2 BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL IN WARM CLIMATES | 21 | ||
| 1.3 ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL (EBPR) IN WARM CLIMATES | 21 | ||
| 1.4 FOCUS AREAS OF THE BOOK | 22 | ||
| 1.5 APPROACHES: BETWEEN UPAND DOWN-STREAMS | 22 | ||
| 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK | 22 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 24 | ||
| Introduction: biological phosphorus removal activated sludge process of municipal wastewater treatment in warm climates | 24 | ||
| 2.1 BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN REMOVAL IN WARM CLIMATES | 24 | ||
| 2.2 ENHANCED BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL: PAO AND GAO | 25 | ||
| 2.2.1 Metabolisms of PAO and GAO | 25 | ||
| 2.2.2 Temperature and sludge retention time | 28 | ||
| 2.2.3 pH | 28 | ||
| 2.2.4 Types of substrates and COD/P ratio | 29 | ||
| 2.2.5 Modelling | 29 | ||
| 2.2.6 Identifi cation of PAO and GAO | 30 | ||
| 2.3 AN UNANSWERED QUESTION: WHETHER EBPR WORKS IN WARM CLIMATES UNDER PRACTICAL SITE CONDITIONS? | 30 | ||
| 2.4 OBJECTIVES AND THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME | 31 | ||
| 2.4.1 Objectives | 31 | ||
| 2.4.2 Research programme | 31 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 34 | ||
| Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a full-scale A/O activated sludge process at 30ºC | 34 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 34 | ||
| 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 35 | ||
| 3.2.1 Site conditions | 35 | ||
| 3.2.2 Sampling and analysis | 35 | ||
| 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 36 | ||
| 3.3.1 Hydraulic fl ow and characterization of conventional parameters and SCFAs of primary effl uent | 36 | ||
| 3.3.2 Performance of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) | 37 | ||
| 3.3.3 Fates of the SCFAs | 41 | ||
| 3.3.4 Phosphate Accumulating Organism (PAO) development | 43 | ||
| 3.3.5 SVI and sludge morphology changes | 43 | ||
| 3.4 CONCLUSIONS | 45 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 48 | ||
| Enhanced biological phosphorus removal during the retrofi tting from an anoxic to an anaerobic selector in a full-scale activate | 48 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 48 | ||
| 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 49 | ||
| 4.2.1 Activated sludge unit | 49 | ||
| 4.2.2 Sampling and analysis | 50 | ||
| 4.2.3 Sequencing batch reactor experiment | 50 | ||
| 4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 50 | ||
| 4.3.1 Characterisation of the primary effl uent | 50 | ||
| 4.3.2 Performance development of the activated sludge process | 51 | ||
| 4.3.3 Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) | 53 | ||
| 4.3.4 Mechanism(s) of the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal | 56 | ||
| 4.4 CONCLUSIONS | 58 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 60 | ||
| Process performance and competition between PAO and GAO in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge process o | 60 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 60 | ||
| 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 62 | ||
| 5.2.1 Laboratory system and process | 62 | ||
| 5.2.2 Sampling program and analysis | 64 | ||
| 5.2.3 FISH and chemical staining | 64 | ||
| 5.2.4 Phosphorus release and uptake batch test | 65 | ||
| 5.3 RESULTS | 66 | ||
| 5.3.1 Characterisation of primary effl uent | 66 | ||
| 5.3.2 Performance of the process | 67 | ||
| 5.3.3 Process analysis and microbial community study | 71 | ||
| 5.4 DISCUSSION | 94 | ||
| 5.4.1 Effects of additional COD (HAc) | 94 | ||
| 5.4.2 Effects of pH control | 95 | ||
| 5.4.3 Anoxic and aerobic P uptake | 95 | ||
| 5.4.4 Microbial community: PAO and GAO | 96 | ||
| 5.4.5 Different mechanisms of EBPR | 97 | ||
| 5.4.6 Effects of temperature | 97 | ||
| 5.4.7 Interrelationships between temperature, carbon, pH, microbial community and performance | 99 | ||
| 5.4.8 Denitrifi cation, P uptake and release in the FST | 99 | ||
| 5.4.9 EBPR in warm climates | 100 | ||
| 5.4.10 Operational strategy of the EBPR activated sludge process to cope with seasonal temperature changes | 101 | ||
| 5.5 CONCLUSIONS | 102 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 106 | ||
| Pilot investigation of the EBPR of industrial wastewater treatment with an integrated UASB, activated sludge-membrane process at | 106 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 106 | ||
| 6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 107 | ||
| 6.2.1 Pilot system and process confi gurations | 107 | ||
| 6.2.2 Sampling program and analysis | 109 | ||
| 6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSIONS | 110 | ||
| 6.3.1 Wastewater characterisation | 110 | ||
| 6.3.2 Performance of the UASB reactor | 111 | ||
| 6.3.3 Performance of the MBR process | 112 | ||
| 6.3.4 Process analysis of EBPR | 115 | ||
| 6.3.5 Microbial community study | 125 | ||
| 6.3.6 Cleaning of the MBR and RO membranes | 127 | ||
| 6.3.7 Effl uent quality and feasibility of reuse | 127 | ||
| 6.4 CONCLUSIONS | 129 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 132 | ||
| Summary and outlook | 132 | ||
| 7.1 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS | 132 | ||
| 7.1.1 Sewage in warm climates | 132 | ||
| 7.1.2 Process confi guration | 133 | ||
| 7.2 MAJOR FINDINGS | 133 | ||
| 7.2.1 Fate of HAc and HPr | 133 | ||
| 7.2.2 Effects of additional HAc | 133 | ||
| 7.2.3 Anoxic and aerobic P uptake | 134 | ||
| 7.2.4 Mechanisms of the EBPR | 134 | ||
| 7.2.5 Microbial community: PAO and GAO | 134 | ||
| 7.2.6 Effect of temperature | 135 | ||
| 7.2.7 Interrelationships between temperature, carbon substrate, pH, microbial community and performance | 135 | ||
| 7.2.8 Recommendations for the practical applications of EBPR of municipal sewage treatment in warm climates | 136 | ||
| 7.2.9 EBPR of industrial wastewater treatment in warm climates | 137 | ||
| 7.3 OUTLOOK | 137 | ||
| 7.3.1 Microbiology study | 137 | ||
| 7.3.2 Process investigation | 138 | ||
| 7.3.3 Modelling | 139 | ||
| 7.3.4 Long term perspective on nutrient removal | 139 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Index | 146 |