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Book Details
Abstract
Water Services Management and Governance focuses on water services (water supply, wastewater services) and deals with connections between water resources and services and water resources. It covers water supply mainly in urban communities, sanitation and pollution control and water resources and their linkages to water services.
This book is divided in to four key sections relating to governance frameworks, technology and socio-ecological interactions, government and governance, and long terms policies. The chapters analyse the complexity of the water services sector based on a historical analysis of developments within the sector. The underlying conviction is that only by understanding past trends, processes and developments can the current situation in the water services be understood. Only through this understanding can policies for sustainable water services in the future be formulated. The four key sections relate to governance frameworks, technology and socio-ecological interactions, government and governance, and long terms policies.
Water Services Management and Governance raises awareness that an understanding of the past is a necessity to explore potential, probable and preferable futures. It is an essential basis for water sector reforms in any country, region or community. The book is written for experts in water utilities, ministries, municipalities, NGOs, donor agencies, private companies and regulators; as well as students and researchers in water policy and governance, and the management of water resources, services and infrastructure.
Editors: Dr. Petri S. Juuti is a historian, and Adjunct Professor in the universities of Tampere, Oulu and Turku. Tapio S. Katko, Civil engineer, Adjunct Professor, UNESCO Chairholder in Sustainable Water Services at Tampere University of Technology, Finland. Klaas Schwartz, Senior Lecturer, Urban Water Governance in the Department of Integrated Water Systems and Governance at the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands.
Assistant Editor: Riikka P. Rajala, Environmental Engineer, Post-Doctoral researcher in University of Tampere, Finland.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover\r | Cover | ||
| Contents | iv | ||
| About the Authors | xi | ||
| Preface | xv | ||
| Foreword | xvii | ||
| Acknowledgements | xix | ||
| Prologue | xxi | ||
| GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS | xxi | ||
| TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS | xxii | ||
| FROM GOVERNMENT TO GOVERNANCE | xxii | ||
| LONG-TERM POLICY | xxiii | ||
| Section I: Water Governance Frameworks | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Governance shifts in the water services sector: a case study of the Zambia water services sector\r | 2 | ||
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION | 2 | ||
| 1.2 A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS | 3 | ||
| 1.3 GOVERNANCE SHIFTS IN THE WATER SERVICES SECTOR | 4 | ||
| 1.4 GOVERNANCE SHIFTS IN THE ZAMBIAN WATER SERVICES SECTOR | 5 | ||
| 1.4.1 Policy reforms | 5 | ||
| 1.4.2 Institutions | 7 | ||
| 1.4.3 Organizations of the Zambian water services sector | 7 | ||
| 1.5 CONCLUSIONS | 10 | ||
| REFERENCES | 10 | ||
| Chapter 2: Technology development theories and water services evolution\r | 12 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 12 | ||
| 2.2 WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? | 14 | ||
| 2.3 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES VERSUS WATER MANAGEMENT\r | 16 | ||
| 2.3.1 Institutional economic theory | 16 | ||
| 2.3.2 Technological determinism and Kranzberg’s Laws | 17 | ||
| 2.3.3 Large technical systems | 18 | ||
| 2.3.4 Evolutionary development | 19 | ||
| 2.3.5 Visionary management | 20 | ||
| 2.3.6 Technological momentum and jump | 20 | ||
| 2.3.7 Social construction of technology | 21 | ||
| 2.3.8 Issues of governance | 22 | ||
| 2.4 DISCUSSION | 24 | ||
| 2.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS | 24 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 25 | ||
| REFERENCES | 25 | ||
| Chapter 3: Integration of water and wastewater utilities\r | 27 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 27 | ||
| 3.2 MAKING THE CASE FOR INTEGRATION | 28 | ||
| 3.3 INTEGRATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER UTILITIES IN FINLAND | 28 | ||
| 3.3.1 Early signs of institutional framework to come | 28 | ||
| 3.3.2 A look at integration-related legislation | 30 | ||
| 3.3.3 Mergers of water and wastewater utilities 1970–2009 | 31 | ||
| 3.3.4 The Pori merger experience | 33 | ||
| 3.3.5 Other findings from Finland | 33 | ||
| 3.4 THE IWRM EXPERIENCE IN OTHER COUNRIES | 34 | ||
| 3.5 WHAT EXPERIENCE CAN TEACH US | 35 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 36 | ||
| REFERENCES | 36 | ||
| Section II: Technology and Socio-Ecological Interaction\r | 39 | ||
| Chapter 4: Governance of large hydraulic infrastructure in Spain: a historical approach\r | 40 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 40 | ||
| 4.2 WATER POLICY IN THE ANCIENT REGIME | 41 | ||
| 4.3 REGENERATIONISM AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE HYDRAULIC PARADIGM | 42 | ||
| 4.4 THE GOLDEN ERA OF THE HYDRAULIC PARADIGM | 44 | ||
| 4.5 THE DEMISE OF THE HYDRAULIC PARADIGM AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WATER POLICY ALTERNATIVES | 46 | ||
| 4.6 CONCLUSIONS | 48 | ||
| REFERENCES | 49 | ||
| Chapter 5: Wither water: reflections on Colorado’s water development and the pursuit of sustainable growth in the arid west\r | 50 | ||
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 50 | ||
| 5.2 THE CASE OF COLORADO | 51 | ||
| 5.2.1 From conflict to codified law: the development of the doctrine of prior appropriations | 51 | ||
| 5.2.2 Interstate compacts and the doctrine of prior appropriations | 53 | ||
| 5.2.3 Climate change and reoccurring drought cycles and their impact on water management | 54 | ||
| 5.2.4 Water management and the complexities of urban growth in arid climates | 55 | ||
| 5.2.5 Colorado water management in the 21st century: planning and assessment | 57 | ||
| 5.2.6 Colorado water management in the 21st century: implementation | 58 | ||
| 5.3 CONCLUSION | 59 | ||
| REFERENCES | 60 | ||
| Chapter 6: Water recycling and sustainability in Salisbury, South Australia\r | 61 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION\r | 61 | ||
| 6.1.1 Thinking about sustainability | 61 | ||
| 6.1.2 Water in South Australia | 62 | ||
| 6.1.3 The project in context | 63 | ||
| 6.1.4 Historical case study method | 64 | ||
| 6.1.5 Water recycling through aquifer recharge, storage and recovery | 65 | ||
| 6.2 RESEARCH FINDINGS\r | 65 | ||
| 6.2.1 Sustainability by design? | 65 | ||
| 6.2.2 The paddocks”: An experiment | 66 | ||
| 6.2.3 Pipes, surface water and groundwater | 67 | ||
| 6.2.4 Environmental quality | 67 | ||
| 6.2.5 Commercial interests | 67 | ||
| 6.2.6 The moral high-ground | 68 | ||
| 6.3 SOME CONCLUDING THOUGHTS | 69 | ||
| REFERENCES | 70 | ||
| Chapter 7: Acid mine water drainage in South Africa: policy, economic issues and public concerns\r | 72 | ||
| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 72 | ||
| 7.2 AMD AND THE GOLDFIELDS OF THE WITWATERSRAND | 73 | ||
| 7.2.1 The political factor of nationalisation | 75 | ||
| 7.2.2 Relevant legislation | 75 | ||
| 7.2.3 Contending with the Witwatersrand AMD problem | 76 | ||
| 7.3 THE ISSUE OF AMD IN THE COAL MINING SECTOR | 77 | ||
| 7.3.1 Coal production and the growing demand for electricity | 78 | ||
| 7.3.2 Addressing the problem? | 78 | ||
| 7.4 CONCLUSION | 79 | ||
| REFERENCES | 81 | ||
| Chapter 8: Safety of lead water pipes: history and present\r | 84 | ||
| 8.1 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES | 84 | ||
| 8.2 LEAD IN ANTIQUITY | 84 | ||
| 8.3 TOWARDS MODERN TIMES | 87 | ||
| 8.4 DISCUSSION | 88 | ||
| 8.5 CONCLUSIONS | 89 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 89 | ||
| REFERENCES | 90 | ||
| Section III: From Government to Governance\r | 92 | ||
| Chapter 9: Diversity of the water supply and sanitation sector: roles of municipalities in Europe\r | 93 | ||
| 9.1 DIFFERENT TRADITIONS OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION | 93 | ||
| 9.2 FINLAND | 95 | ||
| 9.3 SWEDEN | 96 | ||
| 9.4 LITHUANIA | 97 | ||
| 9.5 GERMANY | 98 | ||
| 9.6 THE NETHERLANDS | 99 | ||
| 9.7 FRANCE | 100 | ||
| 9.8 ENGLAND | 101 | ||
| 9.9 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION | 102 | ||
| REFERENCES | 103 | ||
| Chapter 10: A Historical perspective on partnerships in the provision of water supply and sanitation services in developing countries\r | 106 | ||
| 10.1 INTRODUCTION | 106 | ||
| 10.2 PUBLIC-PUBLIC TWINNING PROJECTS | 107 | ||
| 10.3 PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS | 108 | ||
| 10.4 FROM PRIVATIZATION TO PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS | 109 | ||
| 10.5 WATER OPERATOR PARTNERSHIPS | 110 | ||
| 10.6 PARTNERSHIPS WITH SMALL-SCALE PROVIDERS | 112 | ||
| 10.7 CONCLUSION | 112 | ||
| REFERENCES | 113 | ||
| Chapter 11: The birth, growth and decline of multinational water companies\r | 115 | ||
| 11.1 PRIVATE COMPANIES IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT | 115 | ||
| 11.2 RISE AND FALL | 116 | ||
| 11.3 THE COMPANIES IN 2012\r | 120 | ||
| 11.3.1 French companies: depending on the state | 120 | ||
| 11.3.2 English companies taken over | 120 | ||
| 11.3.3 Other companies | 122 | ||
| 11.4 THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONALWATER COMPANIES | 123 | ||
| REFERENCES | 124 | ||
| Chapter 12: Issues of governance and citizenship in water services: a reflection on Latin American experiences1\r | 125 | ||
| 12.1 INTRODUCTION | 125 | ||
| 12.2 GOVERNANCE, CITIZENSHIP AND PARTICIPATION | 125 | ||
| 12.3 TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WSS IN LATIN AMERICA | 127 | ||
| 12.3.1 Technocratic, non-participatory management | 127 | ||
| 12.3.2 Technocratic management with restricted participation | 128 | ||
| 12.3.3 Bottom-up social participation | 130 | ||
| 12.4 OBSTACLES AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE SUBSTANTIVE DEMOCRATIZATION OF WSS MANAGEMENT | 133 | ||
| REFERENCES | 135 | ||
| Section IV: Long-term policies\r | 138 | ||
| Chapter 13: Upscaling and internationalization of the Dutch water supply sector\r | 139 | ||
| 13.1 INTRODUCTION | 139 | ||
| 13.2 AGGREGATION TO REACH UNIVERSAL SERVICE EXPANSION | 140 | ||
| 13.3 FROM UNIVERSAL COVERAGE TO EFFICIENCY GAINS | 141 | ||
| 13.4 BENCHMARKING AND EFFICIENCY | 142 | ||
| 13.5 INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE SECTOR | 143 | ||
| 13.6 CONCLUSION | 145 | ||
| REFERENCES | 146 | ||
| Chapter 14: Water services management and governance: past lessons for a sustainable future\r | 147 | ||
| 14.1 INTRODUCTION | 147 | ||
| 14.2 PRE-COLONIAL AND COLONIAL PERIOD (1880–1963) | 147 | ||
| 14.3 INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1963–1980) | 149 | ||
| 14.4 POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD (1980–2000) AND LATER DEVELOPMENTS | 150 | ||
| 14.5 WATER SECTOR REFORM INITIATIVES AND THE BOTTLENECKS | 151 | ||
| 14.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS | 155 | ||
| REFERENCES | 156 | ||
| Chapter 15: Prisoners of a paradigm? What can water sector donors learn from history?\r | 158 | ||
| 15.1 INTRODUCTION | 158 | ||
| 15.2 WATERING A THIRSTY CITY\r | 159 | ||
| 15.2.1 A water demand history of Nairobi | 159 | ||
| 15.3 A SUPPLY-SIDE HISTORY OF NAIROBI’S WATER SUPPLY\r | 161 | ||
| 15.3.1 The \"\rperiodical bogey of water shortage” | 161 | ||
| 15.3.2 Post-colonial water: enter the World Bank | 161 | ||
| 15.4 DISTRIBUTION AND WATER EQUITY | 163 | ||
| 15.4.1 Distribution in planned areas | 163 | ||
| 15.4.2 Distribution in unplanned areas | 163 | ||
| 15.5 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGES | 163 | ||
| 15.6 CONCLUSIONS | 164 | ||
| 15.6.1 Prisoners of a paradigm | 164 | ||
| 15.6.2 Self-sustaining feedback | 164 | ||
| 15.6.3 Epilogue: history as a development laboratory | 165 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 166 | ||
| REFERENCES\r | 166 | ||
| Literature | 166 | ||
| Other written sources | 166 | ||
| Interviews | 167 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 168 | ||
| 16.1 INTRODUCTION | 168 | ||
| 16.2 MERGING OF SMALLER UTILITIES | 170 | ||
| 16.3 EARLY EXPERIMENTS WITH MERGING UTILITIES IN HELSINKI | 170 | ||
| 16.4 PROPOSAL 1991: WATER AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA | 172 | ||
| 16.5 DISCUSSION\r | 172 | ||
| 16.5.1 New public management | 172 | ||
| 16.5.2 The metropolis policy and decision making | 173 | ||
| 16.6 CONCLUSIONS | 174 | ||
| REFERENCES | 176 | ||
| Newspapers | 176 | ||
| Index | 182 | ||
| Epilogue | 177 | ||
| OVER-ARCHING THEMES | 178 | ||
| Multi-level governance | 178 | ||
| Speed of change | 178 | ||
| Technopolitics | 178 | ||
| Increasing complexity | 178 | ||
| How good is our governance? | 179 | ||
| Have we really learnt? | 180 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 180 | ||
| REFERENCES | 181 |