BOOK
Best Practice Guide on Metals Removal From Drinking Water By Treatment
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%!
The EU Drinking Water Directive sets a range of standards for metals and related substances in drinking water, many of which are concerned with health protection. A number of these standards are very stringent and require compliance to be assessed at the point of use. Because of the difficulties associated with monitoring, historic practices in many countries have concentrated on the quality of water within the distribution network. As a result, the magnitude of problems with some metals and related substances in drinking water is not fully appreciated in all European countries, and the extent and nature of corrective actions differ widely.
This Best Practice Guide on Metals Removal From Drinking Water By Treatment describes drinking water standards and regulations, and explains the impact of a range of water treatment processes on metal levels in drinking water. Its objectives are to provide a basis for assessing the extent of problems and to identify appropriate water treatment options. The Guide provides a reasoned guide to selection of key water treatment processes. Each chapter focuses on a specific water treatment process and has been written by experts in that particular process.
Best Practice Guide on Metals Removal From Drinking Water By Treatment provides practice-based knowledge for water engineers and scientists in large and small water utilities, regulatory agencies, health agencies and local municipalities (from cities through to small rural communities). It also supports university level teaching in degree schemes that relate to water management.
This Guide is one of a series produced by the International Water Association’s Specialist Group on Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water. The series is an up-to-date compilation of a range of scientific, engineering, regulatory and operational issues concerned with the control and removal of metals from drinking water.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half title page | 2 | ||
| Title page\r | 3 | ||
| Copyright page\r | 4 | ||
| Contents | 5 | ||
| About this Best Practice Guide | 10 | ||
| Preface | 11 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 12 | ||
| Authors | 13 | ||
| Acronyms | 15 | ||
| Definitions | 18 | ||
| Foreword | 21 | ||
| Executive Summary | 22 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 25 | ||
| Drinking water quality standards and regulations | 25 | ||
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION | 25 | ||
| 1.2 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS | 25 | ||
| 1.3 DRINKING WATER LEGISLATION | 27 | ||
| 1.4 BACTERIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL STANDARDS | 27 | ||
| 1.5 CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL STANDARDS | 28 | ||
| 1.6 TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE | 29 | ||
| REFERENCES | 31 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 32 | ||
| Guide to the selection of water treatment processes for removal of metals | 32 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 32 | ||
| 2.2 TECHNOLOGIES FOR REMOVE METALS FROM DRINKING WATER | 32 | ||
| 2.2.1 Coagulation/Filtration technology | 34 | ||
| 2.2.2 Adsorption technology | 35 | ||
| 2.2.3 Co-removal of arsenic, iron and manganase | 37 | ||
| 2.2.4 Ion exchange | 37 | ||
| 2.2.5 Membrane processes | 38 | ||
| 2.2.6 Others | 39 | ||
| 2.3 POINT OF USE/POINT OF ENTRY (POU/POE) DEVICES | 39 | ||
| REFERENCES | 40 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 42 | ||
| Oxidation for metal removal | 42 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 42 | ||
| 3.2 OVERVIEW OF IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL | 43 | ||
| 3.3 IRON REMOVAL OVERVIEW | 43 | ||
| 3.4 IRON REMOVAL VIA AERATION | 44 | ||
| 3.5 IRON REMOVAL VIA CHLORINATION | 45 | ||
| 3.6 IRON REMOVAL VIA CHLORINE DIOXIDE | 45 | ||
| 3.7 IRON REMOVAL VIA OZONE | 45 | ||
| 3.8 IRON REMOVAL WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMNO4) | 46 | ||
| 3.9 MANGANESE REMOVAL OVERVIEW | 46 | ||
| 3.10 FILTRATION OVERVIEW | 47 | ||
| 3.11 MANGANESE REMOVAL VIA AERATION | 47 | ||
| 3.12 MANGANESE REMOVAL VIA CHLORINE | 48 | ||
| 3.13 MANGANESE REMOVAL VIA CHLORINE DIOXIDE | 48 | ||
| 3.14 MANGANESE REMOVAL VIA OZONE | 49 | ||
| 3.15 MANGANESE REMOVAL VIA POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMNO4) | 49 | ||
| 3.16 REMOVAL OF IRON AND MANGANESE USING MICROBIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FILTERS (BIOLOGICAL IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL) | 49 | ||
| REFERENCES | 50 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 51 | ||
| Coagulation, flocculation and chemical precipitation | 51 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
| 4.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION | 51 | ||
| 4.3 COAGULATION | 52 | ||
| 4.4 COAGULATION REACTORS | 53 | ||
| 4.5 FLOCCULATION | 54 | ||
| 4.6 FLOCCULATION REACTORS | 55 | ||
| 4.7 CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION | 56 | ||
| REFERENCES | 57 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 58 | ||
| Sedimentation and flotation | 58 | ||
| 5.1 DESCRIPTION OF SEDIMENTATION | 58 | ||
| 5.2 DESIGN APPROACH | 59 | ||
| 5.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SEDIMENTATION | 61 | ||
| 5.4 DESCRIPTION OF FLOTATION | 62 | ||
| 5.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FLOTATION | 63 | ||
| REFERENCES | 64 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 65 | ||
| Removal of metals from drinking water by filtration | 65 | ||
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 65 | ||
| 6.2 FILTRATION OVERVIEW | 65 | ||
| 6.3 THE AUTOCATALYTIC REACTION OF MANGANESE | 66 | ||
| 6.4 FILTER HYDRAULICS AND BACKWASHING | 66 | ||
| 6.5 COAL AND SAND | 67 | ||
| 6.6 GREENSANDS | 67 | ||
| 6.7 PILOT TESTING | 68 | ||
| REFERENCES | 68 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 70 | ||
| Electrochemical treatment methods | 70 | ||
| 7.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES | 70 | ||
| 7.2 ELECTROLYSIS | 70 | ||
| 7.3 ELECTRODIALYSIS | 72 | ||
| 7.4 ELECTROCOAGULATION | 74 | ||
| REFERENCES | 77 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 79 | ||
| Adsorption processes | 79 | ||
| 8.1 INTRODUCTION | 79 | ||
| 8.2 FACTORS INFLUENCING SORPTION CAPACITY | 79 | ||
| 8.3 ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY | 80 | ||
| 8.4 APPLICATIONS OF ADSORBENT MATERIALS FOR METALS REMOVAL FROM WATER | 81 | ||
| 8.4.1 Zeolites | 81 | ||
| 8.4.2 Activated carbon | 82 | ||
| 8.4.3 Biosorbents | 83 | ||
| 8.4.4 Iron oxides | 84 | ||
| 8.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ADSORTPION | 85 | ||
| REFERENCES | 86 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 88 | ||
| Ion exchange processes | 88 | ||
| 9.1 INTRODUCTION | 88 | ||
| 9.2 FACTORS INFLUENCING ION EXCHANGE SELECTIVITY | 88 | ||
| 9.3 APPLICATIONS OF ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS FOR METALS REMOVAL FROM WATER\r | 89 | ||
| 9.3.1 Zeolites | 89 | ||
| 9.3.2 Organic and inorganic ion exchangers | 91 | ||
| 9.4 ION EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY | 92 | ||
| REFERENCES | 93 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 94 | ||
| Membrane processes | 94 | ||
| 10.1 INTRODUCTION | 94 | ||
| 10.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY | 95 | ||
| 10.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES | 95 | ||
| 10.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES | 96 | ||
| 10.5 CASE STUDIES | 97 | ||
| 10.6 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE | 98 | ||
| REFERENCES | 98 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 100 | ||
| Arsenic removal processes | 100 | ||
| 11.1 INTRODUCTION | 100 | ||
| 11.2 AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION | 101 | ||
| 11.2.1 Oxidation | 101 | ||
| 11.2.2 Precipitation | 101 | ||
| 11.2.3 Adsorption | 102 | ||
| 11.2.4 Ion exchange | 103 | ||
| 11.2.5 Membrane filtration | 103 | ||
| 11.2.6 Novel removal methods | 104 | ||
| 11.3 CONSIDERATION ON WATER QUALITY | 106 | ||
| 11.4 TREATMENT PROCESS AND RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT | 106 | ||
| 11.5 EXAMPLES OF REAL SCALE TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE ARSENIC REMOVAL IN EUROPE | 107 | ||
| REFERENCES | 109 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 112 | ||
| Hybrid processes | 112 | ||
| 12.1 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY | 112 | ||
| 12.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES | 113 | ||
| 12.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES | 115 | ||
| 12.4 CASE STUDIES | 115 | ||
| 12.5 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 116 | ||
| REFERENCES | 117 |