BOOK
Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3
Prof. John Webster | Prof. C. J. C. Phillips | Dr Jan Hultgren | Prof. Jeffrey Rushen | Dr Jennie E. Pryce | Yvette de Haas | Dr Carmen Gallo | Ana Strappini | Emily Miller-Cushon | Dr Ken Leslie | Trevor DeVries | Anusha Bulumulla | Mi Zhou | Prof. Le Luo Guan | Prof. John McNamara | Prof. Pekka Huhtanen | Prof. Michel A. Wattiaux | Matias A. Aguerre | Sanjeewa D. Ranathunga | Prof. J. R. Roche | Dr Michael Blümmel | Dr A. Muller | Dr C. Schader | M. Herrero | M. R. Garg | Prof. C. Jamie Newbold | Dr Gregory B. Penner | Prof. Kenneth Nordlund | Prof. Alexander C. O. Evans | Shenming Zeng | Dr P. Moroni | Dr F. Welcome | M. F. Addis | Dr Nick Bell | Prof. Wendela Wapenaar | Simon Archer | John Remnant | Alan Murphy | Prof. Jacqueline B. Matthews | Prof. Michael Stear | Karen Fairlie-Clarke | Nicholas Jonsson | Bonnie Mallard | David Groth | Prof. David C. Barrett | Kristen K. Reyher | Andrea Turner | David A. Tisdall | Mr Jonathan Statham
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
In meeting rising demand, more intensive dairying systems face a range of challenges such as maintaining high standards of safety in the face of the continuing threat from zoonoses entering the food chain, whilst sustaining nutritional and sensory quality. At the same time farms need to become more efficient and sustainable. Finally, farming must also meet higher standards of animal health and welfare.
Drawing on an international range of expertise, this book reviews research addressing the welfare, nutrition and health of dairy cattle. Part 1 begins by discussing key issues in welfare followed by topics such as genetic selection and welfare, housing and transportation. Part 2 looks at nutrition with chapters on rumen microbiology, feed evaluation and formulation, feed supplements and feed safety. The final part of the book covers aspects of health such as control of diseases and other disorders such as lameness as well as dairy herd health management.
Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3: Dairy herd management and welfare will be a standard reference for animal and dairy scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in beef production. It is accompanied by two other volumes which review milk composition, genetics and breeding as well as safety, quality and sustainability.
"…the book offers important and in-depth information on dairy cattle welfare, nutrition and health."
International Dairy Magazine
Sample content
Not sure what you're getting if you buy this book? Click on the cover image below to open a PDF and preview pages from the book. Alternatively, watch our informative video introduction."There can be few people in the world better qualified to edit a new book about nutrition, health and welfare of dairy cattle than John Webster. These have been the passions of a long and distinguished academic career. He has assembled a strong team of authors to provide comprehensive coverage of key topics, as well as the wide range of dairy production systems across developed and developing countries"
Richard Dewhurst, Professor of Ruminant Nutrition and Production Systems, SRUC, Edinburgh. UK
"…the book offers important and in-depth information on dairy cattle welfare, nutrition and health."
International Dairy Magazine
In meeting rising demand, more intensive dairying systems face a range of challenges such as maintaining high standards of safety in the face of the continuing threat from zoonoses entering the food chain, whilst sustaining nutritional and sensory quality. At the same time farms need to become more efficient and sustainable. Finally, farming must also meet higher standards of animal health and welfare.
Drawing on an international range of expertise, this book reviews research addressing the welfare, nutrition and health of dairy cattle. Part 1 begins by discussing key issues in welfare followed by topics such as genetic selection and welfare, housing and transportation. Part 2 looks at nutrition with chapters on rumen microbiology, feed evaluation and formulation, feed supplements and feed safety. The final part of the book covers aspects of health such as control of diseases and other disorders such as lameness as well as dairy herd health management.
Achieving sustainable production of milk Volume 3: Dairy herd management and welfare will be a standard reference for animal and dairy scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in beef production. It is accompanied by two other volumes which review milk composition, genetics and breeding as well as safety, quality and sustainability..
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents\r | v | ||
| Series list\r | xiii | ||
| Preface\r | xvii | ||
| References\r | xix | ||
| Introduction\r | xx | ||
| Part 1 Welfare of dairy cattle\r | xx | ||
| Part 2 Nutrition of dairy cattle\r | xxi | ||
| Part 3 Health of dairy cattle\r | xxiii | ||
| Part 1 Welfare of dairy cattle | 1 | ||
| Chapter 01 Understanding the behaviour of dairy cattle\r | 3 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 3 | ||
| 2 Studying the preferences of cattle: an overview\r | 5 | ||
| 3 Cattle perception\r | 6 | ||
| 4 Social, nutritional and reproductive behaviour\r | 7 | ||
| 5 Locomotion and resting\r | 11 | ||
| 6 Behaviour during transport and slaughter\r | 13 | ||
| 7 Conclusions\r | 14 | ||
| 8 Future trends\r | 14 | ||
| 9 Where to look for further information\r | 15 | ||
| 10 References\r | 17 | ||
| Chapter 02 Key issues in the welfare of dairy cattle\r | 21 | ||
| 1 Introduction: an overview of interest in and determinants of animal welfare in dairy farming | 21 | ||
| 2 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: housing, handling and farming procedures | 25 | ||
| 3 Husbandry practices in dairy farming: health, productivity and breeding | 31 | ||
| 4 Applying different perspectives on animal welfare \nto the case of dairy farming | 34 | ||
| 5 Recommendations for improving animal welfare in dairy farming in the light of expected future developments | 38 | ||
| 6 Summary\r | 41 | ||
| 7 Where to look for further information\r | 41 | ||
| 8 Acknowledgements\r | 42 | ||
| 9 References\r | 43 | ||
| Chapter 03 Housing and the welfare of dairy cattle\r | 53 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 53 | ||
| 2 Types of housing system\r | 54 | ||
| 3 Stall design\r | 57 | ||
| 4 Flooring and locomotion\r | 62 | ||
| 5 Social competition, social dominance and overstocking | 64 | ||
| 6 Group versus individual housing for un-weaned calves: effects on health, locomotion and rest | 68 | ||
| 7 Group versus individual housing for un-weaned calves: behaviour and weight gain | 72 | ||
| 8 Reflections on housing un-weaned calves individually, in groups and with cows | 73 | ||
| 9 Conclusions\r | 74 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 74 | ||
| 11 References\r | 75 | ||
| Chapter 04 Genetic selection for dairy cow welfare \nand resilience to climate change\r | 81 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 81 | ||
| 2 Selection indices\r | 82 | ||
| 3 Selection for milk production, energy balance \nand fertility | 83 | ||
| 4 New breeding objectives: health traits\r | 86 | ||
| 5 New breeding objectives: dairy cows and \nclimate change | 91 | ||
| 6 Genomic selection, inbreeding and gene editing\r | 92 | ||
| 7 Summary\r | 96 | ||
| 8 Where to look for further information\r | 96 | ||
| 9 Acknowledgements\r | 97 | ||
| 10 References\r | 97 | ||
| Chapter 05 Ensuring the welfare of culled dairy cows during transport and slaughter\r | 103 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 103 | ||
| 2 Legislation and codes of practice\r | 104 | ||
| 3 Pre-transport conditions that influence the welfare\nof cows during transport | 106 | ||
| 4 Welfare of culled cows during transport\r | 107 | ||
| 5 The effects of livestock markets on cow welfare\r | 111 | ||
| 6 Welfare of cows at the slaughter plant\r | 114 | ||
| 7 Conclusions\r | 117 | ||
| 8 Where to look for further information\r | 118 | ||
| 9 References\r | 118 | ||
| Chapter 06 Ensuring the health and welfare of dairy calves and heifers | 123 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 123 | ||
| 2 Newborn calf vitality\r | 124 | ||
| 3 Colostrum management\r | 129 | ||
| 4 Health management\r | 131 | ||
| 5 Housing considerations\r | 136 | ||
| 6 Feeding management\r | 139 | ||
| 7 Managing weaned calves\r | 142 | ||
| 8 Summary\r | 145 | ||
| 9 Where to look for further information\r | 146 | ||
| 10 References\r | 146 | ||
| Part 2 Nutrition of dairy cattle | 155 | ||
| Chapter 07 The rumen microbiota and its role in dairy cow production and health | 157 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 157 | ||
| 2 Diversity and function of rumen microbiota\r | 158 | ||
| 3 Factors influencing composition of rumen microbiota\r | 161 | ||
| 4 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiome: ‘omics’ approaches | 163 | ||
| 5 Current trends and innovations in studying the rumen microbiota: linkage with host phenotypes | 165 | ||
| 6 Altering rumen function by manipulating microbiota\r | 168 | ||
| 7 Knowledge gaps and future directions\r | 169 | ||
| 8 Conclusions\r | 171 | ||
| 9 Where to look for further information\r | 171 | ||
| 10 References\r | 172 | ||
| Chapter 08 Biochemical and physiological determinants of feed efficiency in dairy cattle | 181 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 181 | ||
| 2 The physiological and biochemical makeup of a dairy animal | 182 | ||
| 3 Development of the research field: a brief overview\r | 186 | ||
| 4 A case study on the biochemical determinants of feed efficiency | 188 | ||
| 5 Mechanisms and effects of simple genetic variation\r | 193 | ||
| 6 Summary and conclusions\r | 195 | ||
| 7 Future trends in research\r | 196 | ||
| 8 Where to look for further information\r | 196 | ||
| 9 References\r | 197 | ||
| Chapter 09 Feed evaluation and formulation to maximise nutritional efficiency in dairy cattle | 199 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 199 | ||
| 2 Evaluation of feed energy value\r | 200 | ||
| 3 Alternative methods to predict digestibility and energy value | 201 | ||
| 4 Discounts of digestibility and associative effects\r | 205 | ||
| 5 Conversion of digestible nutrients to metabolisable energy and net energy concentration | 206 | ||
| 6 Evaluation of feed protein value\r | 207 | ||
| 7 Estimation of microbial protein\r | 208 | ||
| 8 Determination of rumen undegraded protein (RUP)\r | 210 | ||
| 9 Evaluation of feed protein systems\r | 213 | ||
| 10 Summary and future perspectives\r | 215 | ||
| 11 Where to look for further information\r | 216 | ||
| 12 References\r | 216 | ||
| Chapter 10 Sustainable nutrition management of dairy cattle in intensive systems | 223 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 223 | ||
| 2 Phosphorus issues \r | 224 | ||
| 3 Nitrogen issues\r | 228 | ||
| 4 Carbon: a case study of enteric methane emissions and nutritional management in the intensive dairy production systems of California and Wisconsin | 238 | ||
| 5 Conclusions\r | 244 | ||
| 6 References\r | 244 | ||
| Chapter 11 Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments | 251 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 251 | ||
| 2 Economic factors affecting grazing system design\r | 252 | ||
| 3 Using supplementary feed to manage pasture\r | 253 | ||
| 4 Nutrition of grazing dairy cows: pasture as a feed\r | 255 | ||
| 5 Choosing the right supplementary feed\r | 260 | ||
| 6 Choosing the right genetics for a grazing system\r | 262 | ||
| 7 Supplement effects on milk production\r | 263 | ||
| 8 Practical nutrition management on the farm\r | 265 | ||
| 9 Conclusions and implications\r | 267 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 268 | ||
| 11 References\r | 268 | ||
| Chapter 12 The use and abuse of cereals, legumes and crop residues in rations for dairy cattle | 273 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 273 | ||
| 2 Current and future levels of animal sourced food (ASF) production | 274 | ||
| 3 Dairy ration compositions and current and \nprojected feed demand and supply | 276 | ||
| 4 Context specificity of feed demand and supply\r | 282 | ||
| 5 Ration composition and ceilings to milk productivity\r | 284 | ||
| 6 Optimizing the feed–animal interface: ration \nbalancing in intensive and extensive dairy systems | 286 | ||
| 7 Summary\r | 290 | ||
| 8 Where to look for further information\r | 290 | ||
| 9 References\r | 291 | ||
| Chapter 13 Feed supplements for dairy cattle | 295 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 295 | ||
| 2 Dietary buffers to control rumen acidity\r | 297 | ||
| 3 Antibiotics for improved production\r | 299 | ||
| 4 Fat supplementation\r | 300 | ||
| 5 Immunological control of the rumen microbial population | 303 | ||
| 6 Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation, boost production and decrease emissions | 304 | ||
| 7 Direct-fed microbials, probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes | 308 | ||
| 8 Other supplements to control GHG emissions | 311 | ||
| 9 Conclusion\r | 311 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 312 | ||
| 11 References\r | 312 | ||
| Part 3 Health of dairy cattle | 327 | ||
| Chapter 14 Disorder of digestion and metabolism in dairy cattle: the case of subacute rumen acidosis | 329 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 329 | ||
| 2 Prevalence, aetiology and biological consequences of ruminal acidosis | 330 | ||
| 3 Regulation of ruminal pH\r | 333 | ||
| 4 The dogma of ruminal acidosis\r | 341 | ||
| 5 Case study: SARA risk in the post-partum phase of the transition period | 341 | ||
| 6 Other examples of SARA risk induced by low feed intake | 345 | ||
| 7 Conclusion and future trends\r | 346 | ||
| 8 Where to look for further information\r | 347 | ||
| 9 References\r | 347 | ||
| Chapter 15 Management of dairy cows in transition and at calving | 353 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 353 | ||
| 2 Problems with using disease events to monitor herd transition management | 355 | ||
| 3 Alternative data sources for monitoring herd transition management | 355 | ||
| 4 Introduction to management factors that influence transition outcomes | 358 | ||
| 5 Cow-level factors\r | 359 | ||
| 6 Housing and environmental factors\r | 364 | ||
| 7 Factors related to the decisions and actions of human caretakers | 368 | ||
| 8 Case study: use of the transition cow risk assessment instrument | 370 | ||
| 9 Summary and future trends\r | 375 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 376 | ||
| 11 References\r | 377 | ||
| Chapter 16 Causes, prevention and management of infertility in dairy cows | 385 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 385 | ||
| 2 Bovine parturition and uterine health\r | 386 | ||
| 3 Bovine post-partum metabolic environment and ovarian activity | 387 | ||
| 4 Oestrus in dairy cows\r | 388 | ||
| 5 Establishing pregnancy in dairy cows\r | 389 | ||
| 6 Heat stress and bovine fertility\r | 391 | ||
| 7 Heifer fertility\r | 392 | ||
| 8 Genetics and bovine fertility\r | 393 | ||
| 9 Future trends and conclusion\r | 393 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 393 | ||
| 11 References\r | 394 | ||
| Chapter 17 Aetiology, diagnosis and control of mastitis in dairy herds | 399 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 399 | ||
| 2 Indicators of mastitis: somatic cell count\r | 401 | ||
| 3 Indicators of mastitis: non-cell inflammation markers\r | 403 | ||
| 4 Contagious pathogens causing mastitis\r | 404 | ||
| 5 Environmental pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and environmental streptococci\r | 407 | ||
| 6 Other pathogens: Prototheca, coagulase-negative staphylococci and other microorganisms | 410 | ||
| 7 Management and control of mastitis\r | 413 | ||
| 8 Dry cow therapy\r | 414 | ||
| 9 The use of antibiotics\r | 416 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 418 | ||
| 11 References\r | 419 | ||
| Chapter 18 Preventing and managing lameness \nin dairy cows | 431 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 431 | ||
| 2 Lameness in dairy cows: associated pain, prevalence and incidence | 432 | ||
| 3 Recording causes and ensuring prompt and effective treatment | 437 | ||
| 4 Lesion aetiology and categories of risk for the four main causes of lameness in dairy cows | 443 | ||
| 5 Risk assessments and cost-effective interventions\r | 446 | ||
| 6 Conclusions: how assessment, evaluation and facilitation is driving improvement | 448 | ||
| 7 Where to look for further information\r | 449 | ||
| 8 References\r | 450 | ||
| Chapter 19 Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle | 457 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 457 | ||
| 2 The impact of infectious diseases\r | 458 | ||
| 3 Principles of risk analysis and management\r | 463 | ||
| 4 Hazard and risk identification\r | 464 | ||
| 5 Risk assessment and evaluation\r | 466 | ||
| 6 Risk management\r | 471 | ||
| 7 Risk communication\r | 475 | ||
| 8 Ensuring effective implementation\r | 478 | ||
| 9 Trends in infectious disease control strategies\r | 481 | ||
| 10 Conclusion\r | 482 | ||
| 11 Where to look for further information\r | 483 | ||
| 12 Abbreviations\r | 483 | ||
| 13 References\r | 484 | ||
| Chapter 20 Prevention and control of parasitic helminths in dairy cattle: key issues and challenges | 487 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 487 | ||
| 2 Helminth threats to grazing dairy cattle\r | 488 | ||
| 3 Anthelmintic resistance\r | 489 | ||
| 4 Progress in the development of evidence-based control programmes to reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance | 492 | ||
| 5 The development of robust diagnostics to support evidence-based control | 493 | ||
| 6 Vaccine development\r | 497 | ||
| 7 Future trends in research: contributions to enhanced and sustainable production | 499 | ||
| 8 Concluding remarks\r | 500 | ||
| 9 Where to look for further information\r | 501 | ||
| 10 References\r | 502 | ||
| Chapter 21 Genetic variation in immunity and disease resistance in dairy cows and other livestock | 509 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 509 | ||
| 2 Genetic variation in resistance to disease\r | 512 | ||
| 3 The sources of genetic variation in resistance to disease | 513 | ||
| 4 Strategies for breeding to increase resistance to disease | 517 | ||
| 5 Case study 1: resistance to cattle tick infestation\r | 520 | ||
| 6 Case study 2: mastitis in cattle\r | 521 | ||
| 7 Case study 3: bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex | 522 | ||
| 8 Case study 4: additive and non-additive genetic variation | 524 | ||
| 9 Conclusions\r | 525 | ||
| 10 Where to look for further information\r | 525 | ||
| 11 References\r | 525 | ||
| Chapter 22 Responsible and sustainable use of medicines in dairy herd health | 533 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 533 | ||
| 2 Antimicrobial resistance\r | 536 | ||
| 3 Inappropriate behaviours and practices\r | 538 | ||
| 4 Making progress towards change\r | 541 | ||
| 5 Delivering results\r | 545 | ||
| 6 Future trends and conclusion\r | 548 | ||
| 7 Where to look for further information\r | 548 | ||
| 8 Acknowledgements\r | 548 | ||
| 9 References\r | 548 | ||
| Chapter 23 Dairy herd health management: \nan overview | 551 | ||
| 1 Introduction\r | 551 | ||
| 2 The development of dairy herd health management (HHM)\r | 552 | ||
| 3 Motivation for implementing HHM\r | 554 | ||
| 4 Measuring: data for HHM\r | 555 | ||
| 5 Monitoring: approaches to monitoring \nin HHM | 561 | ||
| 6 Managing: delivering progress in HHM through planning, training and support for schemes | 563 | ||
| 7 The potential benefits of HHM\r | 565 | ||
| 8 Conclusions\r | 567 | ||
| 9 Where to look for further information\r | 567 | ||
| 10 References\r | 568 | ||
| Index | 571 |