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Abstract
In the wake of socialism’s demise and liberalism’s loss of direction, new ideas are needed for the next major realignment of the social and political domain. Making a unique contribution to the idea of ‘the commons’, this book offers a radical form of direct democracy with real-world implications. But whereas much of the current scholarship has looked at the commons from the perspective of governance, this book instead focuses on ‘commoning’ as social practice.
Perspectives on Commoning argues that the commons are not just resources external to us, but are a function or characterisation of what we do. Thus, we can talk of the act of commoning, positioning our behaviour beyond the domains of the private and the public, beyond the dichotomy of capitalism versus socialism.
Covering everything from biopolitics to urban spaces, this impressive range of international contributors address the commons as both theory and history, providing a useful review of current conceptions as well as practical proposals for the future. A unique consolidation of philosophy, sociology and economics, the book shows how a new understanding of the commons as practice will help to achieve its full emancipatory potential.
‘Drawing on history, political theory, economics, culture and contemporary activism, this collection explores the great promise of the commons in helping to build a new and better world.’
David Bollier, author of Think Like a Commoner
‘An important and stimulating book. Its central notions of commons and “commoning” offer the potential for currently disparate movements to come together, both conceptually and politically.’
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
‘A rich and innovative selection. It offers both conceptual and practical resources for thinking about and enacting the forms of sharing that will be needed as the neoliberal edifice fractures and dissolves.’
Jack Kloppenburg, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Emeritus)
Guido Ruivenkamp is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Wageningen University, and extraordinary professor at the University of Humanistic Studies in Utrecht. His previous books include Reconstructing Biotechnologies: Critical Social Analyses (co-author, 2008), and Biotechnology in Development: Experiences from the South (2008).
Andy Hilton works in Istanbul as an ELT instructor, English language editor and proof-reader. He has collaborated on a number of articles and research pieces on Turkey and the commons.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover\r | Cover | ||
About the Editors | ii | ||
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Glossary | vii | ||
Preface | xiii | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
1: The Prefigurative Power of the Common(s) | 25 | ||
Introduction | 25 | ||
Prefigurative Politics: Mirroring Means and Ends | 27 | ||
Toward a Politicisation of Prefiguration | 31 | ||
Potentia/Constituent Power | 33 | ||
Power-to and Power-over | 43 | ||
Power-to and Potentia: A Comparison | 49 | ||
Commons or the Common? | 50 | ||
Conclusion: The Prefigurative Power of the Common(s) | 58 | ||
Notes | 60 | ||
References | 62 | ||
2: Realising the Common: The Assembly as Organising Structure | 65 | ||
Introduction | 65 | ||
Theoretical Lineages: Operaismo, Autonomism and the Ancestry of Multitude | 71 | ||
The Assembly Past and Present | 85 | ||
The Greater Toronto Workers’ Assembly | 90 | ||
Conclusion: Multitude and the Assembly as Common | 98 | ||
Notes | 101 | ||
References | 102 | ||
3: Instituting the Common: The Perspective of the Multitude | 107 | ||
Introduction | 107 | ||
Why Philosophy, Biographies and Words? | 111 | ||
The Context | 114 | ||
Negri’s Perspective | 119 | ||
The Emergence of the Multitude in Spinoza | 124 | ||
The Perspective of Machiavelli | 127 | ||
Love, Laughter, Art and Multitude | 129 | ||
Agamben’s Perspective between Negri and Virno | 131 | ||
Virno, the Context, Work and (General) Knowledge | 134 | ||
Virno’s Perspective on the Multitude | 138 | ||
(Non-)conclusion | 141 | ||
Acknowledgements | 143 | ||
Notes | 143 | ||
References | 147 | ||
4: Insolvency/Autonomy: What is the Meaning of Autonomy in the Semiocapitalist Age?\r | 153 | ||
Introduction | 153 | ||
Autonomy and Deregulation | 153 | ||
The Rise and Fall of the Alliance of Cognitive Labour and Recombinant Capital | 157 | ||
Autonomy as Self-Organisation of Cognitive Labour\r | 159 | ||
Fractalisation and Subjugation of Social Subjectivity | 163 | ||
Insolvency | 166 | ||
5: The Conditions of the Common: A Stieglerian Critique of Hardt and Negri’s Thesis on Cognitive Capitalism as a Prefiguration of Communism\r | 169 | ||
Introduction: The Comeback of Communism | 169 | ||
Hardt and Negri and the Coming of Communism | 171 | ||
Cognitive Capitalism as a Prefiguration of Communism? Hardt and Negri on the Conditions for Communism | 175 | ||
A Critique of Hardt and Negri’s Diagnosis | 185 | ||
The Libidinal Economy of the Multitude and the Technological Conditions for Communism | 196 | ||
The Organology and Pharmacology of the General Intellect and the Common | 201 | ||
Liberating the Common from Capital: The Need for De-Proletarianisation\r | 203 | ||
Notes | 208 | ||
References | 209 | ||
6: Grounding Social Revolution: Elements for a Systems Theory of Commoning\r | 213 | ||
Introduction | 213 | ||
Commoning | 221 | ||
Further Observations on Autonomy | 230 | ||
Commoning as a Generative Force of Autopoiesis | 233 | ||
Boundary Commoning as a Recomposing and Generative Force | 237 | ||
Concluding Reflections | 247 | ||
Notes | 250 | ||
References | 253 | ||
7: Commodification and the Social Commons: Smallholder Autonomy and ‘Rurban’ Relations in Turkey\r | 257 | ||
Introduction | 257 | ||
Commons as Practice | 260 | ||
The Maintenance and Revision of Autonomies | 262 | ||
External Income and Rural–Urban Mobility\r | 272 | ||
Conclusion | 284 | ||
Notes | 287 | ||
References | 287 | ||
8: The Square as the Place of the Commons\r | 291 | ||
Introduction | 291 | ||
An Open Space in the City | 293 | ||
The Place of the Commons and Community | 298 | ||
Colonisation of the Square | 304 | ||
Contestation on the Square | 307 | ||
Real and Direct Democracy | 315 | ||
Conclusion | 319 | ||
Notes | 321 | ||
References | 321 | ||
9: Transition Towards a Food Commons Regime: Re-Commoning Food to Crowd-Feed the World\r | 325 | ||
Introduction | 325 | ||
An Iniquitous, Inefficient and Unsustainable Food System | 326 | ||
The Commodification of Food | 331 | ||
The Historical Evolution of Food Governance: From Commons to Commodity\r | 334 | ||
Re-Commoning Food and the Food Commons Regime: Theoretical Underpinnings\r | 340 | ||
Crowdsourcing the Transition to Food as a Commons | 345 | ||
Concrete Proposals for Re-Commoning the Future\r | 358 | ||
Conclusion: Crowd-Feeding the World with Meaningful Food \r | 360 | ||
Notes | 362 | ||
References | 366 | ||
10: Seeds: from Commodities Towards Commons\r | 381 | ||
Introduction | 381 | ||
From Natural Commons to Commodities: the Social Transformation of Seeds | 382 | ||
From Commodities to Practices of Commoning: Seed Production Reclaimed | 392 | ||
Seed Production as a Common(s) Future | 404 | ||
Notes | 410 | ||
References | 412 | ||
11: Peer-Commonist Produced Livelihoods\r | 417 | ||
Introduction | 417 | ||
Commons as an Elementary Social Form | 423 | ||
Commons and Peer-Commonist Society | 427 | ||
Stigmergy | 436 | ||
Transformation | 442 | ||
Practical Application | 445 | ||
Conclusions | 454 | ||
Acknowledgements\r | 455 | ||
Notes | 455 | ||
References | 458 | ||
Index | 462 |