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Against Colonization and Rural Dispossession

Against Colonization and Rural Dispossession

Dip Kapoor

(2017)

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Book Details

Abstract

Under the guise of 'development', a globalizing capitalism has continued to cause poverty through dispossession and the exploitation of labour across the Global South. This process has been met with varied forms of rural resistance by local movements of displaced farm workers, small and landless (women) peasants, and indigenous peoples in South and East Asia, the Pacific and Africa, who are resisting the forced appropriation of their land, the exploitation of labour and the destruction of their ecosystems and ways of life.

In this provocative new collection, engaged scholars and activists combine grounded case studies with both Marxist and anti-colonial analyses, suggesting that the developmental project is a continuation of the colonial project. The authors then demonstrate the ways in which these local struggles have attempted to resist colonization and dispossession in the rural belt, thereby contributing essential movement-relevant knowledge on these experiences in the Global South.

A vital addition to the fields of critical development studies, political-sociology, agrarian studies and the anthropology of resistance, this book addresses academics and analysts who have either minimized or overlooked local resistances to colonial capital, especially in the Asia-Pacific and Africa regions.


‘Addressing the accelerating dispossession of cultures, this timely collection reveals colonial continuities in new forms of grassroots resistance. It is a powerful cross-regional set of essays foregrounding local voice in an era of global extractivism.’
Philip McMichael, author of Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective

‘Peasants, indigenous people, and fisherfolk confound capitalism's best efforts to control them. This book shares the strategies that some of the planet's most inspirational groups use to stand their ground. A terrific compilation of rousing resistance for a post-capitalist world.’
Raj Patel, University of Texas at Austin

‘An impressive collection of engaged researchers from around the world take us deep into some of the most important frontline struggles of our time, providing critical insights for anyone active in resisting colonization and land grabs.’
Devlin Kuyek, GRAIN

‘A smart and theoretically innovative book that belongs on the bookshelves of anyone interested in anti-colonial, indigenous scholarship on rural resistance as central to the political economy of capitalist development.’
Chandra Talpade Mohanty, author of Feminism without Borders

‘An indispensable contribution to a non-Eurocentric world-view. Richly documenting the genocidal and ecocidal history of (neo)colonialism, and even more importantly the fightback, this book reveals a new social order emerging at the cutting edge of struggle.’
Robert Biel, author of The Entropy of Capitalism

'A wide-ranging, comprehensive and insightful account of dispossession and resistance from the global south … a much-nuanced and sophisticated analysis in comparison to those who treat the land question merely as another instance of market imperfection and institutional failure.'
Journal of Asian and African Studies

'The diverse analytical frameworks used in the collection, from Marxist political economy to postcolonial theory, will undoubtedly enrich the debates and contribute to the vibrant fields of critical development studies and critical agrarian studies, as well as social movement theories.'
Canadian Journal of Development Studies

'An empirically rich and theoretically stimulating collection of essays on the long-term and ongoing practices and forms of rural resistance to capitalist-driven and state-enforced land enclosures in the Global South.'
Community Development Journal


Dip Kapoor is professor of international education, at the University of Alberta, Canada, and a research associate at the Center for Research and Development Solidarity (CRDS), an Adivasi-Dalit people's organization in India. His previous books include NGOization (with  Aziz Choudry, Zed 2013) and Beyond Colonialism, Development and Globalization (with Dominique Caouette, Zed 2015).

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Halftitle i
About the editor ii
Title page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
About the contributors vii
1. Local resistance to colonization and rural dispossession in South and East Asia, the Pacific, and Africa 1
Local rural resistance to colonization and dispossession 4
Organization of the book 11
Colonialism, dispossession, and land-based anti-colonial struggles: reflective considerations 20
Notes 25
References 26
2. Waponahki anti-colonial resistance in North American colonial contexts: some preliminary notes on the coloniality of meta-dispossession 28
Relevant historical context 29
Waponahki generosity in the face of meta-dispossession 34
Note 39
References 39
Part I. South And East Asia And The Pacific Region 41
3. Sovereignty politics in Samoa: fa’asamoa, fa’amatai, and resistance to colonial capital and dispossession of customary land and place 43
Introduction 43
Terrains of dispossession: repudiating fa’asamoa and fa’amatai 45
Terrains of indigenous resistance: reassertions of fa’asamoa and fa’amatai 51
Resistance: spaces of learning and social action to re-indigenize fa’asamoa and fa’amatai 58
Conclusion 63
Notes 64
References 64
4. Adivasi, Dalit, and non-tribal forest dweller (ADNTFD) resistance to bauxite mining in Niyamgiri: displacing capital and state-corporate mining activism in India 67
Introduction 67
Colonial capitalist dispossession in the forest belt: state-corporate mining activism and resistance 69
The Niyamgiri Surakhya Samiti (NSS) and ADNTFD resistance to the bauxite refinery and mine 72
Local activism and resistance to mining in ‘protected areas’: some concluding reflections and insights for and about ADNTFD struggles in the forest belt 91
Notes 95
References 96
5. Our crops speak: small and landless peasant resistance to agro-extractive dispossession in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 98
Introduction 98
Capital accumulation and the neo/colonial agro-extractive regime in Indonesia 99
Coconut plantations and dispossession in Bohotokong 101
Struggle and organized resistance through ORTABUN 106
Concluding reflections for small/landless peasant activism 118
Notes 119
References 120
6. Dispossession and neoliberal disaster reconstruction: activist NGO and fisher resistance in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu 122
Introduction 122
Accumulation by dispossession in a South Indian coastal economy 123
Fishers and the state: power and communing as resistance 128
SNEHA and its gender–economy dual strategy: anti-shrimp farm and tsunami-displacement-related resistances 131
Fisher resistance to accumulation by dispossession: political pointers for local activism 135
Conclusion: SNEHA, fishers, and the challenge of resistance under limits 140
Notes 142
References 143
7. Lumad anti-mining activism in the Philippines 145
Introduction 145
Neocolonialism, neoliberalism, and dispossession in the Philippines 146
Neocolonialism in the Philippines: Bell Trade Act, Parity Agreement, and legal foundations of dispossession 149
Mining in the Philippines 149
Indigenous resistance and its repression 150
Anti-mining activism 153
Mobilizing in the ‘belly of the beast’ 158
Postscript 161
Notes 162
References 162
8. Coal power and the Sundarbans in Bangladesh: subaltern resistance and convergent crises 164
Introduction 164
Rampal power plant in the neoliberal vortex 166
Network resistance of the multitude 172
Reflections on subaltern multitude contradictions of localresistance 176
Rampal’s invisible and disappeared: resistance to coal powerdevelopment sets the stage for social revolution 180
Note 181
References 181
Part II. African Region 185
9. Resisting accumulation by dispossession: organization and mobilization by the rural poor in contemporary South Africa 187
Introduction 187
Accumulation by dispossession in South Africa’s agrarian political economy 189
Formation of Phakamani Siyephambili 194
Politics of rural struggles and resistance 198
Notes 207
References 207
10. Food sovereignty through ecofeminism: re-commoning as resistance to agribusiness dispossession in Kenya 209
Introduction 209
Postcolonial anatomies of agricultural dispossession 212
Re-commoning, ecofeminist praxis, and food sovereignty as resistance to dispossession in Maragua (Shiriki) 217
Shiriki and beyond: grounded reflections on the prospects for re-commoning, ecofeminist praxis, and food sovereignty as resistance 224
References 228
11. Guided by the Yomo spirit: resistance to accumulation by dispossession of the Songor salt lagoon in Ada, Ghana 231
Introduction 231
‘E yeo ngo’ – salt is Ada 232
Two tales of dispossession and resistance 234
Dispossession destabilized through livelihood, identity and spiritual defence, and strategic open dialogue 247
References 249
12. Contesting dispossession: land rights activism in Gambella, Ethiopia, and Pujehun, Sierra Leone 251
Introduction 251
Activism in context: political constraints and opportunities 252
Contesting land dispossession in Pujehun, Sierra Leone 256
Contesting land dispossession in Gambella, Ethiopia 262
Conclusion 268
Notes 269
References 270
13. Local resistance to large-scale agricultural land acquisitions in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia 275
Introduction 275
The socioecological, historical, and political economic context of large-scale land acquisitions 277
Local resistance 282
Concluding reflections on indigenous local communities and resistance to dispossession, displacement, and marginalization 292
Notes 293
References 294
14. All that glitters: neoliberal violence, small-scale mining, and gold extraction in northern Tanzania 296
Introduction 296
Infrastructures of extraction: from the 1890s to post-independence 298
‘Africa Rising’: financial actors, NGOs, and neoliberal myths 300
Coloniality in practice: violence and dispossession in northern Tanzania 303
Everyday resistance: ‘intruders’ and small-scale miners 305
From the mine pits to the high court 308
Investigative journalism and cross-border networks 310
Conclusion 311
Notes 312
References 313
15. ‘Oloibirinization’, collective identity, and the future of multilocal resistance in the Niger Delta 315
Introduction 315
Brief history of Delta development, Oloibirinization, and dispossession in the Niger Delta 315
Multilocal resistance, pan-Niger Delta identity, and unity 321
Future prognostications on the fate of resistance in the Niger Delta 328
Notes 332
References 332
Index 335